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1- Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Nursing Management, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,hajibabaeefateme@yahoo.com
2- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Nursing Management, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,
Abstract: (33 Views)
Background & Aims: Overqualification refers to a situation in which an individual’s skills, education, and capabilities exceed the requirements of their job. This phenomenon holds significant implications in the nursing profession due to nurses’ critical role in the healthcare system. It can affect job satisfaction, performance, organizational commitment, and nurses’ mental health. Despite its importance, limited studies have examined overqualification among nurses. This comprehensive review aims to identify and analyze the psychological, occupational, and organizational consequences of overqualification in nurses.
Materials & Methods: This comprehensive review was conducted through an extensive search of the SID, Iranmedex, Magiran, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. English keywords such as nurse, nursing, overqualification, and skill mismatch, as well as Persian keywords such as nursing, nurse, and overqualification were combined using Boolean operators. A total of 39 articles were identified using these keywords. After screening the titles and abstracts, 8 articles were selected for full-text review. Of these, 6 articles fully met the inclusion criteria and study objectives and were included in the final analysis. The inclusion criteria consisted of quantitative studies related to the outcomes of overqualification in nurses, with no language or time restrictions.
Results: All included studies were quantitative, cross-sectional and conducted in China (three studies), Greece (two studies), and Jordan (one study). The results showed that perceived overqualification among nurses had a negative correlation with job engagement (r = -0.562) and job satisfaction (r = -0.674), and a positive correlation with job boredom (β = 0.44, p < 0.001) and job burnout (r = 0.12, p < 0.05). Furthermore, overqualification was positively associated with nurses’ silence regarding patient safety (β = 0.18, p < 0.01), knowledge hoarding (r = 0.32), knowledge hiding (r = 0.49), and obsessive passion (r = 0.087, p < 0.001), while it showed negative correlations with harmonious passion (r = -0.076, p < 0.001) and affective and normative commitment.
Conclusion: Perceived overqualification, as an occupational risk factor, is associated with decreased job engagement and satisfaction, as well as increased behaviors such as silence toward safety errors and knowledge hiding among nurses. Accordingly, it is recommended that nursing managers implement interventions such as coping and resilience training, task redistribution based on nurses’ competencies, and enhanced participation in decision-making processes to prevent the emergence and expansion of perceived overqualification in nursing settings.
Materials & Methods: This comprehensive review was conducted through an extensive search of the SID, Iranmedex, Magiran, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. English keywords such as nurse, nursing, overqualification, and skill mismatch, as well as Persian keywords such as nursing, nurse, and overqualification were combined using Boolean operators. A total of 39 articles were identified using these keywords. After screening the titles and abstracts, 8 articles were selected for full-text review. Of these, 6 articles fully met the inclusion criteria and study objectives and were included in the final analysis. The inclusion criteria consisted of quantitative studies related to the outcomes of overqualification in nurses, with no language or time restrictions.
Results: All included studies were quantitative, cross-sectional and conducted in China (three studies), Greece (two studies), and Jordan (one study). The results showed that perceived overqualification among nurses had a negative correlation with job engagement (r = -0.562) and job satisfaction (r = -0.674), and a positive correlation with job boredom (β = 0.44, p < 0.001) and job burnout (r = 0.12, p < 0.05). Furthermore, overqualification was positively associated with nurses’ silence regarding patient safety (β = 0.18, p < 0.01), knowledge hoarding (r = 0.32), knowledge hiding (r = 0.49), and obsessive passion (r = 0.087, p < 0.001), while it showed negative correlations with harmonious passion (r = -0.076, p < 0.001) and affective and normative commitment.
Conclusion: Perceived overqualification, as an occupational risk factor, is associated with decreased job engagement and satisfaction, as well as increased behaviors such as silence toward safety errors and knowledge hiding among nurses. Accordingly, it is recommended that nursing managers implement interventions such as coping and resilience training, task redistribution based on nurses’ competencies, and enhanced participation in decision-making processes to prevent the emergence and expansion of perceived overqualification in nursing settings.
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