Volume 32, Issue 117 (April 2019)
IJN 2019, 32(117): 33-47 |
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Nasiri Ziba F, Saati M, Haghani H. The Correlation of Emotional Intelligence and Self-efficacy in Patients with Intestinal Stoma. IJN 2019; 32 (117) :33-47
URL: http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2884-en.html
URL: http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2884-en.html
1- Lecturer, Medical Surgical Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- MS Student, Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran )Corresponding author) Tel: 09127094827 Email: Msaati349@gmail.com
3- Lecturer, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- MS Student, Medical-Surgical Nursing Department, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran )Corresponding author) Tel: 09127094827 Email: Msaati349@gmail.com
3- Lecturer, Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (4964 Views)
Background & Aims: Patients with intestinal stoma experience periods of psychological and physical disorders, including disturbances in self-efficacy, which has always been a serious issue for these patients. This is mainly due to the fact that one of the most important challenges of a patient following stoma implantation is how to take care of the stoma, be present in the society with the stoma, carry out daily activities and work. Lack of ability to care for the stoma will lead to the gradual isolation of the person from society, friends, and even family and their failure to effectively communicate with the society. Focusing on patients’ level of efficiency and the related factors in this area by healthcare providers, especially nurses who have the most contact with patients during the first postoperative days, is crucial. On the other hand, it is presumed that factors such as emotional intelligence could be associated with self-efficacy in these patients. Given that the present study is the basis for future studies, evaluation of the factors related to self-efficacy can be considered in the provision of the type of education to patients in future interventions so that nurses would give better education to patients in the future. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy in patients with an intestinal stoma.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 155 patients (79 men and 76 women) with an intestinal stoma (colostomy and ileostomy) referring to the selected hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Ostomy Association in 2018. The inclusion criteria were willingness to participate in the research, being literate, a minimum age of 18 years, passing of at least one month from the surgery, having an intestinal stoma (colostomy or ileostomy), and having no known psychological disorders. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria were disabilities and movement disorders in hand to write and answer the questionnaire, unwillingness to participate in the study, and incomplete questionnaires. The patients were selected via convenience sampling, and data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, ostomy self-efficacy questionnaire (with two dimensions of social self-efficacy and ostomy care self-efficacy), and Schutte self-report emotional intelligence test (with three dimensions of emotion regulation, evaluation, and expression of emotion, exploitation of emotion). Data collection was carried out during August 16th-December 13th, 2018.
Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (absolute frequency and frequency percentage (for qualitative variables), mean and standard deviation (for quantitative variables), as well as Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 54.33 years (minimum and maximum ages of 18 and 86 years, respectively). In total, 51% of the subjects were male and 49% were female. In addition, 74.2% of the participants were married, 9.7% were single and 6.1% were divorced/widowed. According to the results, only 16.1% of the patients had an academic education, and 69% of the patients had at least one helper for their stoma care while 31% took care of their stoma alone. Overall, 53% and 47% of the patients underwent ostomy due to cancer and other causes (e.g., intestinal inflammation, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal obstruction, trauma, constipation or chronic diarrhea, incontinence, and diverticulitis), respectively. It had been more than one, one-five, and five years since the ostomy of 69.7%, 16.8%, and 13.5% of the participants, respectively. Moreover, 24% of the patients changed their jobs following an ostomy. According to the results, there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy (r=0.49, P=<0.001). furthermore, a direct and significant correlation was found between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy dimensions, where a higher correlation was observed in the dimension of social self-efficacy (r=0.53), compared to the dimension of stoma care (r=0.29). In addition, the correlation between the dimensions of emotional intelligence and total self-efficacy was almost equal. Among the dimensions of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy, the highest and lowest correlations were observed between the dimension of social self-efficacy and emotion regulation (r=0.52) and between stoma care and exploitation of emotion (r=0.24), respectively. Tukey’s test results demonstrated that while no significant relationship was observed between emotional intelligence and demographic characteristics of patients, the self-efficacy score of married participants was 11.09 units higher than that of divorced or widowed subjects, which was statistically significant (P=0.02). In other words, married patients had a higher self-efficacy level.
Conclusion: Patients with an intestinal stoma have impaired self-efficacy, especially in the area of social self-efficacy. Given the higher levels of self-efficacy in patients with higher emotional intelligence, it is recommended that a positive step be taken to increase the self-efficacy of these patients, especially in the field of social self-efficacy, by planning and implementing educational interventions in the area of emotional intelligence. Notably, the emotion regulation component had a higher correlation with social self-efficacy. Since the mentioned dimension is related to the social interactions of patients with a stoma, it is suggested that more attention be paid to this dimension as a dimension that was more impaired than the self-efficacy of ostomy care in this study to improve social self-efficacy. Moreover, our findings can be applied in continuous nursing education, which will increase the sensitivity of nurses about physical and mental changes of patients undergoing an ostomy. By using these findings, nurses can design and implement more suitable educational programs for patients.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 155 patients (79 men and 76 women) with an intestinal stoma (colostomy and ileostomy) referring to the selected hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Ostomy Association in 2018. The inclusion criteria were willingness to participate in the research, being literate, a minimum age of 18 years, passing of at least one month from the surgery, having an intestinal stoma (colostomy or ileostomy), and having no known psychological disorders. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria were disabilities and movement disorders in hand to write and answer the questionnaire, unwillingness to participate in the study, and incomplete questionnaires. The patients were selected via convenience sampling, and data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, ostomy self-efficacy questionnaire (with two dimensions of social self-efficacy and ostomy care self-efficacy), and Schutte self-report emotional intelligence test (with three dimensions of emotion regulation, evaluation, and expression of emotion, exploitation of emotion). Data collection was carried out during August 16th-December 13th, 2018.
Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (absolute frequency and frequency percentage (for qualitative variables), mean and standard deviation (for quantitative variables), as well as Pearson’s correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 54.33 years (minimum and maximum ages of 18 and 86 years, respectively). In total, 51% of the subjects were male and 49% were female. In addition, 74.2% of the participants were married, 9.7% were single and 6.1% were divorced/widowed. According to the results, only 16.1% of the patients had an academic education, and 69% of the patients had at least one helper for their stoma care while 31% took care of their stoma alone. Overall, 53% and 47% of the patients underwent ostomy due to cancer and other causes (e.g., intestinal inflammation, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal obstruction, trauma, constipation or chronic diarrhea, incontinence, and diverticulitis), respectively. It had been more than one, one-five, and five years since the ostomy of 69.7%, 16.8%, and 13.5% of the participants, respectively. Moreover, 24% of the patients changed their jobs following an ostomy. According to the results, there was a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy (r=0.49, P=<0.001). furthermore, a direct and significant correlation was found between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy dimensions, where a higher correlation was observed in the dimension of social self-efficacy (r=0.53), compared to the dimension of stoma care (r=0.29). In addition, the correlation between the dimensions of emotional intelligence and total self-efficacy was almost equal. Among the dimensions of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy, the highest and lowest correlations were observed between the dimension of social self-efficacy and emotion regulation (r=0.52) and between stoma care and exploitation of emotion (r=0.24), respectively. Tukey’s test results demonstrated that while no significant relationship was observed between emotional intelligence and demographic characteristics of patients, the self-efficacy score of married participants was 11.09 units higher than that of divorced or widowed subjects, which was statistically significant (P=0.02). In other words, married patients had a higher self-efficacy level.
Conclusion: Patients with an intestinal stoma have impaired self-efficacy, especially in the area of social self-efficacy. Given the higher levels of self-efficacy in patients with higher emotional intelligence, it is recommended that a positive step be taken to increase the self-efficacy of these patients, especially in the field of social self-efficacy, by planning and implementing educational interventions in the area of emotional intelligence. Notably, the emotion regulation component had a higher correlation with social self-efficacy. Since the mentioned dimension is related to the social interactions of patients with a stoma, it is suggested that more attention be paid to this dimension as a dimension that was more impaired than the self-efficacy of ostomy care in this study to improve social self-efficacy. Moreover, our findings can be applied in continuous nursing education, which will increase the sensitivity of nurses about physical and mental changes of patients undergoing an ostomy. By using these findings, nurses can design and implement more suitable educational programs for patients.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
nursing
Received: 2019/01/9 | Accepted: 2019/04/13 | Published: 2019/04/13
Received: 2019/01/9 | Accepted: 2019/04/13 | Published: 2019/04/13
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