Volume 28, Issue 97 (December 2015)                   IJN 2015, 28(97): 1-10 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Rahmani F, Ebrahimi H, Asghari E. Workplace Violence, its Determinants and Reaction toward it Perceived by Nurses Working in Psychiatric Wards: A Cross-Sectional Study. IJN 2015; 28 (97) :1-10
URL: http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2227-en.html
1- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2- Dep. of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
3- Student Research Committee, PhD Student in Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.(Corresponding author) Tel: 04134796770 Email: Asghari.elnaz@gmail.com
Abstract:   (7720 Views)

Abstract

Background & Aim: Workplace violence is considered as one of the important issues in occupational health. This issue in psychiatric ward requires more special attention due to type of patients admitted there and nature of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine workplace violence, vulnerable and preventive factors and reaction towards violence perceived by nurses working in psychiatric wards.

Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 144 nurses (6 practical, 130 bachelor and 8 masters of nursing) working in psychiatric wards of Razi hospital in Tabriz, Iran were participated using census sampling method. Data gathered with "International Workplace Violence Questionnaire". Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics on SPSS v 13.

Results: Verbal and physical violence with the frequency of 96.5% and 83.3% respectively, were the most of occurrence and cultural and sexual violence with the frequency of 27.0% and 9.7% were the least of occurrence in the work environment of nurses. Most frequent reaction of nurses to workplace violence was to calm aggressive person (27.8%).Increasing human resources (16.7%), continuing education staff (15.7%), security measures in sectors (14.2%), management guideline for violence (13.7%) and separating judicial patients from other patients (12.8%) were reported main factors to prevent workplace violence. The most common predisposing factors for violence against nurses were low ratio of nurses to patients (12.9%), lack of timely security (10.9%), legal issues of patients (10.3%), inappropriate treatment of staff with patients or their companions (8.9%) and lack of training on how to prevent violence (8.3%).

Conclusion: The high prevalence of violence against psychiatric nurses indicates need to upgrade nurses' communication skills, anger management training and reduce the workload of nurses in order to reduce the violence.

Full-Text [PDF 740 kb]   (2638 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: nursing
Received: 2015/09/5 | Accepted: 2015/12/6 | Published: 2015/12/6

References
1. Cezar ES, Marziale MHP. Occupational violence problems in an emergency hospital in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2006;22(1):217-21. [DOI:10.1590/S0102-311X2006000100024] [PMID]
2. Rutherford A, Zwi AB, Grove NJ, Butchart A. Violence: a priority for public health?(part 2). J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(9):764-70. [DOI:10.1136/jech.2006.049072] [PMID] [PMCID]
3. Farrell G, Cubit K. Nurses under threat: a comparison of content of 28 aggression management programs. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2005;14(1):44-53. [DOI:10.1111/j.1440-0979.2005.00354.x] [PMID]
4. Taylor JL, Rew L. A systematic review of the literature: workplace violence in the emergency department. J Clin Nurs. 2011;20(7‐8):1072-85. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03342.x] [PMID]
5. St Pierre I, Holmes D. Managing nurses through disciplinary power: A Foucauldian analysis of workplace violence. J Nurs Manag 2008; 16:352 9. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2007.00812.x] [PMID]
6. Kwok R, Law Y, Li K, Ng Y, Cheung M, Fung V, et al. Prevalence of workplace violence against nurses in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J. 2006;12(1):6-9. [PMID]
7. Samir N, Mohamed R, Moustafa E, Abou Saif H. Nurses' attitudes and reactions to workplace violence in obstetrics and gynaecology departments in Cairo hospitals. Eastern Mediterr Health J. 2012;18(3):198-204. [DOI:10.26719/2012.18.3.198]
8. Balamurugan G. Violence towards Nurses. Int J Nurs. 2012;1(1):1-7.
9. İş SKÇHA, Deneyimi YŞ. Experience of workplace violence among nurses in health-care settings. J Psychiatr Nurs. 2012;3(1):1-5. [DOI:10.5505/phd.2012.32042]
10. Cheraghi MA, Noghan N, Moghim Beigi A, Bikmoradi A. [Analysis of intensive care nurses' workplace violence]. Journal of Critical Care Nursing. 2012;5(2):87-94.
11. Woods P, Ashley C. Violence and aggression: A literature review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2007;14(7):652-60. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2007.01149.x] [PMID]
12. Magnavita N, Heponiemi T. Workplace violence against nursing students and nurses: an Italian experience. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2011;43(2):203-10. [DOI:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2011.01392.x] [PMID]
13. Mozafari M, Tavan H. [Survey of Violence Against Nursing in The Ilam Training Hospitals at 2012]. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences. 2013;21(2).
14. Langton CM. Personality traits and dynamic variables associated with types of aggression in high security forensic psychiatric inpatients: University of Toronto; 2010.
15. Jonker E, Goossens P, Steenhuis I, Oud N. Patient aggression in clinical psychiatry: perceptions of mental health nurses. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2008;15(6):492-9. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2008.01261.x] [PMID]
16. Lucas M, Stevenson D. Violence and abuse in psychiatric in-patient institutions: a South African perspective. Int J Law and Psychiatry. 2006;29(3):195-203. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijlp.2005.08.010] [PMID]
17. Grassi L, Biancosino B, Marmai L, Kotrotsiou V, Zanchi P, Peron L, et al. Violence in psychiatric units. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2006;41(9):698-703. [DOI:10.1007/s00127-006-0088-5] [PMID]
18. Foster C, Bowers L, Nijman H. Aggressive behaviour on acute psychiatric wards: prevalence, severity and management. J Adv Nurs. 2007;58(2):140-9. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04169.x] [PMID]
19. Najafi F, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Dalvandi A, Ahmadi F, Rahgozar M. [Workplace violence against Iranian nurses: A systematic review]. Journal of Health Promotion Management. 2014;3(2):72-85.
20. Needleman J, Buerhaus P, Mattke S, Stewart M, Zelevinsky K. Nurse-staffing levels and the quality of care in hospitals. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(22):1715-22. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMsa012247] [PMID]
21. Winstanley S, Whittington R. Aggression towards health care staff in a UK general hospital: variation among professions and departments. J Clin Nurs. 2004;13(1):3-10. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.00807.x] [PMID]
22. Zeng J-Y, An F-R, Xiang Y-T, Qi Y-K, Ungvari GS, Newhouse R, et al. Frequency and risk factors of workplace violence on psychiatric nurses and its impact on their quality of life in China. Psychiatry Res. 2013;210(2):510-4. [DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.06.013] [PMID]
23. Hegney D, Tuckett A, Parker D, Eley RM. Workplace violence: Differences in perceptions of nursing work between those exposed and those not exposed: A cross‐sector analysis. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010;16(2):188-202. [DOI:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01829.x] [PMID]
24. Lau JBC, Magarey J, Wiechula R. Violence in the emergency department: an ethnographic study (part II). Int Emerg Nurs. 2012;20(3):126-32. [DOI:10.1016/j.ienj.2011.08.001] [PMID]
25. Blair PL. Lateral violence in nursing. J Emerg Nurs. 2013;39(5):e75– 8. [DOI:10.1016/j.jen.2011.12.006] [PMID]
26. Organization WH. Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Studies research instruments survey – Questionnaire Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
27. Rahmani A, Alah BA, Dadashzadeh A, Namdar H, Akbari MA. [Physical violence in working environments: Viewpoints of EMT'personnel in East Azerbaijan Province.]. Journal of Research Nursing. 2008;3:10-5.
28. HosseinAbadi R, Biranvand S, Anbari K, Heidari H. [Workplace Violence Against Nurses Working In Khorramabad Educational Hospitals And Their Confronting Behaviors In Violent Events]. Journal of Urmia Nursing & Midwifery Faculty. 2013;11(5):10-6.
29. Zamanzadeh V, Abdollahzadeh F. [Nature of violence toward nurses working in hospitals]. Medical journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2007;29(2):61-6.
30. Aghajanlou A, Haririan H, Ghafourifard M. [Violence During Clinical Training Among Nursing Students Of Zanjan Universities Of Medical Sciences]. Journal of Research Nursing. 2010;5(17):47-54.
31. Ghodsbin F, Dehbozorgi Z, Tayari N. [Survey of violence against nurses personnel]. Biomonthly Official Publication Medical Daneshvar. 2009;16(78):45-52.
32. Moraveji M, Soleymannejad N, M. B. [Workplace violence against nursesworking in hospitals of Zanjan province]. Iranian Journal of Health & Care. 2012;14(3):10-9.
33. Esmaeilpour M, Salsali M, Ahmadi F. [Workplace violence against Iranian nurses working in emergency departments]. Int Nurs Rev. 2011;58(1):130-7. [DOI:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2010.00834.x] [PMID]
34. Moshtaq Ez, Saeedi M, Abedsaeedi Z, Alavimajd H, Najafi Az. [Violence toward nurses at emergency rooms (ERs) of hospitals of Medical Universities in Tehran]. Journal of Nursing & Midwifery of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2012;22(77):32-8.
35. Fallahi KM, Tamizi Z, Ghazanfari N. [Workplace violence status, vulnerable and preventive factors among nurses working in psychiatric wards]. Journal of Health Promotion Management 2013;2(3):7-16.
36. Khoshknab MF, Oskouie F, Najafi F, Ghazanfari N, Tamizi Z, Ahmadvand H. [Psychological violence in the health care settings in Iran: A cross-sectional study]. Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2015;4(1): e24320.
37. Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Oskouie F, Najafi F, Ghazanfari N, Tamizi Z, Afshani S. [Physical violence against health care workers: A nationwide study from Iran]. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016;21(3):232–238. [DOI:10.4103/1735-9066.180387] [PMID] [PMCID]
38. Teymoorzadeh E, Rashidian A, Arab M, Akbari Sari A, Ghasemi M. [Exposure to psychological violence among the nursing staff in a large teaching hospital in Tehran]. Journal of school of public health and institute of public health research. 2009;7(2):41-9.
39. Şenuzun Ergün F, Karadakovan A. Violence towards nursing staff in emergency departments in one Turkish city. Int Nurs Rev. 2005;52(2):154-60. [DOI:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2005.00420.x] [PMID]
40. Hegney D, Tuckett A, Parker D, Eley RM. Workplace violence: Differences in perceptions of nursing work between those exposed and those not exposed: A cross‐sector analysis. Int J Nurs Pract. 2010;16(2):188-202. [DOI:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2010.01829.x] [PMID]
41. Salimi J, Ezazi-Eradi L,Karbakhsh Davari M. [Violence Against Nurses In Psychiatric Wards]. Journal of Legal Medicine. 2007;12(4):202-9.

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2015 All Rights Reserved | Iran Journal of Nursing

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb