Background & Aims Chronic mental disorders are one of the causes of disabilities in the world that affect all aspects of a person’s life. These disorders are associated with frequent relapses. Despite the importance of the concept of relapse in chronic mental disorders, a comprehensive definition has not been provided for it. The present study aimed to analyze the concept of relapse in chronic mental disorders using Rodgers’ evolutionary approach.
Materials & Methods In this study, Rodgers’ evolutionary approach was used to define the concept and determine the attributes, antecedents, and consequences. For this purpose, reliable national and international databases were searched for related articles published in Persian or English from 2014 to 2024. Finally, 28 articles were selected for review and analysis. 
Results The attributes were identified in the two areas of initial and specific symptoms. The antecedents were identified in two areas of facilitators and barriers. Being prone to relapse, family-related factors, social stigma, disease-related factors, disease management inefficiency, care system failure, and perceived stress were identified as relapse facilitators, while efficient family and social support were identified as two relapse barriers. The consequences were also classified into two groups: disease burden on the patient and on the families.
Conclusion Relapse of chronic mental disorders starts with initial symptoms and gradually shows specific symptoms. Relapse puts a heavy burden on the patients and their families, but it can be reduced by leveraging family efficiency and social support. The results of this study can help mental healthcare providers prevent the facilitators of relapse in chronic mental disorders and ultimately reduce the consequences.