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Volume 17, Issue 40 (1-2005)
Developing, Progressing and prosperity of an organization depends on the managers’ knowledge and attitude. In nursing as a profession, regarding high population, increased life expectancy and the needs for good health services, the responsibility of the managers to be equipped with new knowledge is very prominent.
So, to assess the knowledge level and attitude of nursing managers towards the principals and it’s relations with their managerial practices from the view point of their personnel, a correlative study was designed with 42 managers and 343 nursing personnel, in order to gather the data questionnaires were used.
Our findings showed that 79% of matrons, 64.3% of supervisors and 58.3% of head nurses were enjoying average knowledge of management and regarding their positive attitude, matrons, supervisors and head nurses gained the score of 100%, 71.4% and 87.5 respectively. Furthermore, considering their managerial practice, the percentages of 50% and 57.1% belonged to matrons and supervisors which practiced in a medium level, meanwhile, 70.8% of head nurses were good in managerial practices.
Overall, promotion of the knowledge level and attitude of nursing mangers is of great importance, because good quality of nursing care depends on this issue.
Volume 19, Issue 46 (6-2006)
Background & Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of women's mortality, in the world wide. Breast self examination (BSE) is a method that often leads to detect breast cancer in early stage. Therefore, health care team, such as health care volunteers have an important role for traning BSC to women. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of education of breast self- examination on knowledge, attitude and practice of health care volunteers, in Gachsaran, in 2005.
Material & Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted, in which the data were collected by a case-record form and a check-list. The study sample consisted of 53 health mediators by census method from five health care centers (one in rual area) in Gachsaran.
Results: The sign test showed a statistically significant increase in the mean of knowledge scores at post-intervention compared to pre-intervention (P=0.000). The result of wilcoxone test showed a significant increase in the mean scores of attitude at posttest compared to pre-test (P=0.021) too. Also the results of kruskalwallis test showed a significant increase in the mean of BSE practice at post-test compared to pre-test (P=0.000). The literacy level of the study subjects had a significant influence on BSE knowledge level at post-test (P=0.015). In addition, the kruskall wallis test showed the mean seores of BSE practice in women with the history of breast pain was significantly high (P=0.019).
Conclusion: To sum up, educating health eare volunteers could lead to increase the in levels of knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE. Therefore, it is recommended that to establishe practical BSE classes for all women in the community educating health care voluntcers would be neccessary.
Volume 20, Issue 52 (12-2007)
Background & Aim: An effective and efficient educational system must be continuously revised to be responsive to the present and future community needs. The purpose of the study was to compare students and teachers opinions regarding theory- practice gap in nursing education in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 1378-79.
Material & Method: This research was a cross sectional study. The data was collected from nursing student (n=67) and clinical nurse teachers (n=41) using questionnaire provided by researcher in two section, the first section included the demographic characteristics and the second section consisted of questions about necessity and application of content education. The content validity of questionnaire was provided by experts and texts. For reliability, test retest method was used (r=089). Data were collected in one stage and were analyzed by t-student test Kendal’s correlation coefficient, and Chi square.
Results: The result revealed that the mean score of students and teachers views about “the necessity of the theoretical courses” were 17.86 and 16.35, but they gave low scores to the “real application of the theory in practice” (11.8 and 12.08). There was a statistically significant relationship between the necessity and application of theory (P=0.00). The degree of coordination between clinical education and tasks were reported low (less than 3) by both teachers and students, but, there was a statistically significant difference between their perspectives (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: This study showed that continuing revision and repair of the program based on students and teachers’ perspectives can help educationalists to reduce theory-practice gap.
Volume 23, Issue 64 (6-2010)
Background and Aim : Nosocomial infections have increasingly resulted in death and the patients should bear high treating costs. About 25 percent of all nosocomial infections have been reported from ICUs. Members of the medical team, especially nurses, could play an important role in prevention and control of nosocomial infections. This research has been done to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of ICU nurses working in teaching hospitals of Tabriz.
Material and method : In this descriptive research, 115 nurses working in ICU units with at least one year working experience were selected as samples. The data collection tool was a self-made questionnaire to assess knowledge and attitude and also included a behavioral check list. Content validity was established. Reliability was examined by test-retest (for nowledge and attitude section) and split-half technique (for practice section).
Results : Findings showed that 93.9% of nurses had average knowledge and 94.7 % had positive attitude towards nosocomial infections control. Almost all nurses (99.1%) had moderate practice to control nosocomial infections. There was not a statistically significant relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice and demographic characteristics of samples (P>0.05).
Conclusion : Considering the average level of knowledge and practice of most nurses, paying more attention by authorities to this specific topic is essential in order to apply the necessary actions for training of nurses.
Volume 23, Issue 66 (10-2010)
Background and Aim: Women who engage in exercise programms during their pregnancy have an opportunity to promot physiological and mental health. Current research studies have clearly shown that exercise is not harmful for fetus in healthy pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine knowledge, attitude and the practice of puerperal women admitted to Kerman hospitals about exercise during pregnancy.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive study after a pilot study, 256 women were chosen by consecutive sampling method. The instrument for data collection was researcher – made 4 parts questionnaire based on theory of planned behavior , consisting of demographic
Characteristic, 23 sentences about knowledge, 11 sentences about attitude and 16 practice sentences about exercise during pregnancy. The validly and reliability was confirmed before using the questionnaire. Information was obtained through face to face interviewing.
Results: The finding showed that the score for knowledge, attitude, and practice was 37%, 72%, and 8% of the total score, respectively. Results also revealed that there was weak positive correlations between knowledge and attitudes (r=0.23), knowledge and practice (r=0.14), and attitude and practice (r=0.26). There was a statistically significant difference between mean score of knowledge of participants in terms of accommodation (p<0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant difference between mean score of attitude of participants in terms of level of education (p<0.01) and spouss's level of education (p<0.01). Results also revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between mean score of practice of participants in terms of level of education (p<0.05), type of delivery (p<0.05) and history of miscarriage (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that mother's concern about exercise during pregnancy is due to their knowledge deficit about permitted exercises during pregnancy. Giving information and education would be helpful to change mothers' knowledg and attitude about the subject, therby, promoting their practice.
Volume 27, Issue 89 (8-2014)
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Abstract Background & Aims: Sexual abuse is the most damaging type of abuse which has been increased significantly in recent decades so prevention of sexual abuse is crucial. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of parents regarding child sexual abuse prevention program in elementary school and preschool children. Material & Methods: In this descriptive study, 536 parents of elementary and preschool children in schools of Arak, were enrolled by cluster random sampling. Data was collected by child sexual abuse (CSA) questionnaire and analyzed descriptive statistics using SPSPC (v. 16). Results: The results showed that of all parents, 343 (66%) had good knowledge and 177 (34%) had poor knowledge about the prevention of sexual abuse of children. Of all parents, 383 (80.63%) had good attitude and 92 (19.37%) had poor attitude toward prevention education of sexual abuse. Also 456 parents (85.71%) had good performance and 76 parents (14.29%) had poor performance regarding prevention of sexual abuse. Conclusion: Considering the poor knowledge a one third of the parents regarding the prevention of sexual abuse, providing strategies to increase their knowledge seem necessary. |
Volume 27, Issue 90 (10-2014)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Osteoporosis as a progressive disorder confronts women with many problems. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and performance about osteoporosis in over 45 year old women referred to general clinics of Poursina and Razi hospital of Rasht city.
Material & Methods: It was a descriptive, cross- sectional study. The sample consisted of 288 women (125 premenopausal, 45-54 year old and 163 post-menopausal and over 54 year) who were recruited by simple random sampling. Data was collected by a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by chi-square test using SPSS-PC (v. 19).
Results: The women’s mean score of knowledge was 8 (from a scale of 10), attitude was 4.5 (from a scale of 5) and practice was 2.3 (from a scale of 4). Knowledge and attitudes increased with increasing levels of education, better jobs and location of living (P=0.001). Also good level of awareness was higher in persons aged 45 to 54 years (P=0.001). Women’s practice was associated with personal or family history of Osteoporosis (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The knowledge and attitudes of osteoporosis in women over 45 years was desirable, but their practice towards the prevention of this disease was poor and requires assessing the factors involved.
Volume 28, Issue 98 (2-2016)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Blood transfusion is one of the most common procedures performed for hospitalized patients. Despite the significant contribution of these products to preserve and improve the quality of life, poor control at any stage - before, during or after the injection- can lead to complications for the patients and it can cause many risks and affect patient safety. Therefore, this study aimed to assess patient safety in the process of transfusion at the Hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical sciences.
Material & Methods: This study was a descriptive and observational study. The surgical wards, emergency units and ICU were randomly selected from two hospitals. The instrument of this study was a Checklist with 38 questions developed based on the guidelines for transfusion process, as well as an extensive review of published literature. The observations performed using patients' files and nurses' performances. Data analyzed by SPSS version 16.
Results: The results of the study have shown that the patient safety met favorably in less than a fifth (19.2%) prior to injection and about one third during injection (32.7%). In case of side effects, the majority of subjects had desired performance (over 70%) for treat the signs and notifying the doctor.
Conclusion: According to the results, it is recommended that in-service courses be taken in the transfusion process and emphasize on observing patient safety before and during injection as a protective stage for preventing from any risk and complication. In addition, it is recommended the guidelines of the transfusion process provide to nurses so that they can implement them.
Volume 29, Issue 101 (8-2016)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Nursing managers play an important role in the implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical settings. Hence, their information literacy is an important prerequisite for providing this service. The objectives of this study were to examine information literacy of nursing managers and to determine their training needs in the context of EBP.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in four hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Data were collected from 70 nursing managers of these hospitals using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16 using descriptive (percentage, mean, standard deviation) and analytic statistics (t-test, analysis of variance).
Results: The participants used more printed and human resources (1.97±0.97) than electronic resources to seek information. The mean scores of using different search features in online databases and search engines was very low (1.78±1.04). A small percentage of participants were aware of the purpose and functions of Boolean and Proximity operators, so that only 17% of them chose the most appropriate option to search information from a database. Educational need assessment showed that participants demand for training in different fields of EBP was at a medium level (3.89±0.97).
Conclusion: Nursing managers do not possess required skills to search and retrieve information from electronic resources and they use these up-to-date resources scarcely. Because of this, they can not guide and encourage nursing staffs to use the required knowledge and skills, as well as innovative techniques to provide a high quality care. It is recommended that future studies evaluate the role of clinical librarians, medical informaticians and clinical nurse educators for promoting information literacy of healthcare providers.
Volume 29, Issue 103 (12-2016)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Injection is one of the most common nursing procedures in nursing profession that requires compliance with specific standard of safety. The aim of this study is determination the effect of multi-media education program on knowledge and practice of nurses about injection safety.
Material & Methods: It was a quasi-experimental, one group (before and after) design. The census sample consisted of 50 nurses whom worked in Minoodasht, Hospital affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences that had been. The tool for data gathering was knowledge questionnaire and observational practice checklist. The knowledge questionnaire completed by nurses before and six weeks after educational intervention and practice were observed using a checklist. The intervention was a two- week multimedia educational program. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and paired T test, using SPSS-PC (v.16).
Results: The results showed that, the mean knowledge score, after intervention was significantly increased (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of nurse's practice before and after the intervention at three levels of during preparation, during injection and after injection (P< 0/05).
Conclusion: The results showed that multimedia educational program increased the knowledge and improved the practice of nurses about safe injection. As regards, the safe injection is one of the most important duties of nurses, so it is recommended that they use these strategies to enhance their clinical practice.
Volume 32, Issue 118 (7-2019)
Materails & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 235 operating room associates and specialists in eight teaching and medical hospitals in Isfahan in 2017-1997. Inclusion criteria were having a BA or Bsc degree in the operating room and having at least six months of experience in the operating room to become familiar with the principles and rules of this department. Exclusion criteria included withdrawal from the study, incomplete response to questionnaires. There was reluctance to continue cooperation in the research process. Sampling was done by the random stratified method. The research tools included a demographic information form (age, sex, work experience, degree, and name of the hospital understudy), a researcher-made questionnaire to measure knowledge (completed by the samples), and a researcher-made checklist to measure the performance of the samples in terms of compliance. It was an aseptic technique (completed by the researcher). After obtaining written satisfaction from individuals and emphasizing the lack of effect of grades on job evaluations, the researcher provided a knowledge assessment questionnaire to individuals. Then, the performance questionnaire of each person was completed by the researcher by observing three surgeries in which the person had the role of a scrub (washed hand). In this study, an attempt was made to observe the performance of the samples during three identical surgeries as much as possible. To reduce the effect of sample performance on the researcher's presence in the environment, the person who obtained written consent from the samples was not the same as the person who observed the sample performance. Data analysis was performed with descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS software version 22.
Results: Out of 235 participants, 10 were excluded from the study due to incomplete responses to the questionnaires and five due to withdrawal from the study. Regarding the demographic characteristics of the two groups, the mean age and work experience of the associates were significantly higher than the specialists. Also, the frequency distribution for gender was significantly different between the two groups. The knowledge score of operating room associates and specialists were at a good level and their performance score was average. The mean score of knowledge (P = 0.047) and performance (P = 0.01) of specialists was significantly higher than associates. In both associates (P = 0.027) and specialists (P = 0.032), there was a direct relationship between knowledge and performance scores regarding the aseptic technique. In neither group, there was a significant relationship between knowledge and performance scores regarding aseptic technique with age and work experience and between knowledge and performance scores with gender.
Conclusion: The results showed that the score of knowledge of operating room associates and specialists regarding aseptic technique was at a good level, however, their performance score was average. In crowded medical centers such as the main medical centers in Isfahan, staff does not have enough time to use properly trained aseptic techniques, which can affect the quality of care in the operating room. One of the possible reasons for the gap between knowledge and performance scores in individuals can be the distance between theoretical lessons learned in the classroom and performance in the clinic. The results of comparing the scores of associates and operating room experts regarding the aseptic technique showed that the average score of knowledge and practice of operating room specialists was significantly higher than associates. Due to this, it can be considered as increasing knowledge along with increasing skills and performance. In the present study, there was a direct relationship between knowledge score and performance. So that with the increase of knowledge score, performance score also improved in two groups. Increasing the knowledge of operating room associates and specialists about aseptic techniques can improve their performance. Infection at the surgical site is one of the most common postoperative complications and an aseptic technique can be one of the ways to prevent it. Therefore, measures such as continuous training, holding workshops, and continuous monitoring of knowledge and performance of employees, have an effective role in improving their performance. Therefore, it is hoped that the findings of this study will lead to more accurate monitoring of the performance of health care providers to synchronize their knowledge and performance with each other. Also, due to the higher score of knowledge and performance of operating room specialists, it is better to encourage professionals to continue their education. Besides, to improve the performance of operating room staff, the implementation of effective training programs should be considered.
Volume 34, Issue 130 (7-2021)
Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study conducted on 280 mothers with toddlers referred to community health centers from April to September 2019. In this study, multistage cluster sampling method was used to collect data. Each area of the north and south regions of Hamadan city was considered as a cluster and two comprehensive health centers were selected from each cluster through simple random method and among the selected comprehensive health centers, mothers were selected through convenience sampling method and based on inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were living in Hamadan city, having at least one toddler, not having a toddler with incurable diseases, and not being pregnant. Also, exclusion criteria included reluctance to continue participation in the study despite the initial agreement. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaires, history of injury, and a researcher-made questionnaire based on awareness, attitude, and practice in preventing domestic accidents that were completed by the samples. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, qualitative content validity was used, and test-retest was used to check the reliability of the instruments. After writing the proposal and approving the plan, the researcher referred to the comprehensive health centers of Hamadan city and identified the mothers of toddlers with inclusion criteria and invited them by telephone or with the help of the staff to participate in the project. All mothers were given the necessary explanations about the objectives, procedure, and duration of the study (6 months), and written informed consent was obtained from them. At the beginning of the study, the subjects were given the data collection tools and the self-assertion questionnaires were completed. In order to provide a calm environment for answering questions, mothers (as representatives of parents) were asked to leave their children to their companions before receiving clinic services (vaccination, and growth monitoring) and answer questions in the educational class of the relevant centers. After completing the questionnaires, data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to ensure normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis to determine the relationship between qualitative demographic variables and awareness, attitude towards behavior and practice, and Spearman correlation test to determine the relationship between quantitative demographic variables with awareness, attitude towards behavior and practice in SPSS 16 software.
Results: According to the results, (44.6%) of the mothers of toddlers had a university education and (72.8%) of the mothers were housewives. Also, (58.3%) of toddlers were girls and (46.7%) of parents kept their children in kindergarten. Mean scores of awareness with a value of 18.1 ± 1.5 was the highest point obtained by mothers (good), mean scores of mothers' attitudes with a value of 18.8 ± 4.6 regarding the adoption of preventive behaviors were regarded as weak, and the mean score of practice with a value of 24.3 ± 10.1 was regarded as good. Also, a positive significant relationship was observed between the age of the toddler and the level of awareness, between the family dimension and the number of children, and between the age of the toddler with the mother's attitude towards behavior, between maternal education and awareness and practice, between father's education with awareness, attitude and practice, between father's employment status with awareness and attitude, between mother's employment status with awareness, and between childcare status with attitude (P <0.05). Among the total number of people surveyed, 15 toddlers were injured in the accident. Burning, poisoning, asphyxia, and drowning were respectively the accidents occurring in the children with a history of injury. (72%) of these cases had resulted in temporary disability and 13 victims were girls. All reported cases had occurred in the age group of one to one and half-year-old toddlers.
Conclusion: Considering the poor average scores in attitude and practice of mothers and also considering the important role of education in promoting preventive behaviors of accidents, it is necessary to educate mothers more in order to improve their awareness, attitude, and practice regarding the prevention of children's accidents. Also, the findings of this study and similar researches in this field can be a guideline for planners and authorities to use the present findings to perform interventions to improve the awareness, attitude, and practice of mothers about the prevention of domestic accidents in toddlers.
Volume 35, Issue 139 (1-2023)
Materials & Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study on 384 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes referred to Firozgar and Hazrat Rasool-e Akram hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences from December 2021 to June 2022. They were selected using a continuous sampling method. The instruments were a demographic form and the KAP questionnaire designed by Honarvar et al. (2020). Data analysis was done in SPSS v.16 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results The mean age of the participants was 40.11±15.20 years. It was reported that 94.8% had moderate and sufficient knowledge of COVID-19. The mean attitude score was 30.90±4.89 which is a moderate-to-high level. Only 1.3% had poor practice regarding COVID-19. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the average knowledge of patients and their marital status (P=0.006), employment status, and duration of disease (P<0.001). In addition, there was a statistically significant relationship between the attitude of patients and their educational level (P=0.015) and duration of disease (P=0.027). Their practice level had a significant relationship with gender (P=0.010), marital status (P=0.001), and type of diabetes (P<0.001).
Conclusion The KAP of people with diabetes in Tehran regarding COVID-19 is at a favorable level. This indicates the success of the measures taken to educate this category of patients by health centers and media, and reveals the necessity of increasing the health literacy of people in pandemics.
Volume 36, Issue 146 (3-2024)
Materials & Methods This is a single-group study that was conducted on 73 nurses working in the ICUs of two teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The sampling was done by continuous sampling method from April 2022 to January 2023. The data collectioin tools included a demographic form, the Pieper pressure ulcer knowledge test, the attitude towards pressure ulcer prevention questionnaire, and the practice of pressure ulcer prevention questionnaire completed before and one month after training. To analyze the data, paired t-test was used in SPSS software, Version 22. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results The mean knowledge score was 64.47±10.61 before the intervention and 70.47±10.48 after the intervention. Based on the results of the paired t-test, this difference was significant (P<0.001). Before the intervention, 61.6% of the nurses had positive attitudes, while after the intervention, 56.2% had a positive attitude. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.526). Before the intervention, the practice of 78.1% was poor, while after the intervention, 65.8% had poor practice and 34.2% had good performance. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.493).
Conclusion Online pressure ulcer prevention training can increase the knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention among ICU nurses. However, it causes no significant change in the attitude and practice of nurses towards the prevention of pressure ulcers. In addition to using social media applications, there is a need to provide face-to-face training to ICU nurses to improve their attitude and practice towards pressure ulcer prevention.
Volume 36, Issue 146 (3-2024)
Materials & Methods This descriptive-correlational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 144 women aged 18-60 years referred to comprehensive health centers in Zahedan, Iran, from September to December 2022. The sampling was done using a multi-stage stratified sampling method based on the entry criteria. To collect data, a sociodemographic form, the knowledge, attitude, practice questionnaire for preventive behaviors against COVID-19, and Savci et al.’s health literacy scale for protection against COVID-19 were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and regression analysis in SPSS software, version 23.
Results The mean age of women was 31.74±10.02 years. Most of them had middle school education (64.4%) and were married (90.3%), with a monthly income level of 6-10 million Iranian Tomans (29.9%). Most of them were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccine (81.9%). Only 28.7% had a history of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection. Their mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice were 14.9±2.93, 42.9±6.69, and 32±6.1, respectively. Their mean health literacy score was 39.5±11.08. Educational level, monthly income level, and history of receiving COVID-19 vaccine explained 48% of the variance in health literacy in the first-order regression model, and 61% of the variance in the second-order regression model.
Conclusion The increase in health literacy, can improve knowledge, attitude and practice of women regarding preventive behaviors against COVID-19. In addition, their health literacy for preventive behaviors against COVID-19 is related to their age and education level. It is recommended to use educational programs to increase health literacy for emerging diseases in women from southern Iran. The results of this study can help policy makers in Iran developing health promotion interventions.
Volume 37, Issue 150 (11-2024)
Materials & Methods This descriptive- correlational study was conducted on 265 nurses working in the ICU, emergency, and surgical wards of hospitals affiliated with Ardabil University of Medical Sciences (AUMS) in 2023. Data were collected using a reliable and valid three-part questionnaire to assess nurses' demographic characteristics, knowledge, and practice regarding chest tube care. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 23 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results Overall, nurses' knowledge was at a moderate level (48.28±8.49). Only 12 nurses (4.52%) achieved satisfactory scores. Regarding nursing practice, most nurses (n=259, 97.73%) obtained satisfactory scores. There was a significant correlation between knowledge and practice variables (r=0.170, P=0.003). Nurses' educational level had a significant association with their knowledge (B=3.090, P=0.008) and practice (B=2.299, P=0.010).
Conclusion Due to the low number of AUMS nurses with satisfactory knowledge scores regarding the care for patients with chest tube, it is necessary to hold continuous training courses for nurses on effective care for patients with chest tube care in the AUMS hospitals.
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