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Amini, A, , , , ,
Volume 9, Issue 11 (6-1995)
Volume 9, Issue 11 (6-1995)
Abstract
This study was conducted about assessing the presented services by assistant nurses about admission, education, referral and follow up of women about family planning in health homes and Tabriz rural areas and presenting assistant nurses’ service evaluation form about this subject. Samples are 20 assistant nurses and data gathering tool was observation sheet. Results showed that in general, presented services by assistant nurses were in moderate range and almost half of research units had favorable function
F. Dabbaghi, , , ,
Volume 12, Issue 16 (5-1998)
Volume 12, Issue 16 (5-1998)
Abstract
This survey is a descriptive analytic study which was carried out to assess the effects of
population control programs on National Health Development in Islamic Republic of Iran (1986-1998). The objectives of the study are: 1)To determine the effects of family planning program on National Health Development ( 1986-1998). 2) To indicate the relationship between family planning coverage and some health indicators. This study was conducted at two stages: 1) Presentation of a simulation modle 2) Prediction of population size by large scale clinical trial (1986-1998). Prediction method is used to determine the differences of population at two stages: 1) Stability of total fertility rate (5.6) 2) Gradual decrease of total fertility rate. The findings show that stability of T.F.R and decrease in developmental indices (such as literacy of women and employment of women) has led to an increase in population size (17494391) has added to population between (1986-1998). By T.F.R gradual decrease and other developmental indices increase, population size increase to 563228415 between (1986-1998). In this survey by using the results of simulation and health indicators the relationship of Health variables and family planning coverage is computed. Findings show that: 1) There is a significant relationship between the health variables and family planning coverag. 2) There is a positive significant correlation between family planning coverage and 1M.R., under 5 mortality rate and crude death rate. 3) There is a significant correlation between literacy of women, employment of women and marriage. 4) Other findings emphasize the significant relationship between family planning coverage and immunization of children. |
Mahvash Roushan Jahromy, , , ,
Volume 12, Issue 16 (5-1998)
Volume 12, Issue 16 (5-1998)
Abstract
A survey was made to study the rational given by women living in rural area of west Tehran for using or not using family planning measures (1994). The purposes of this study were to investigate the reasons for using or not using family planning measures and it's relation to personal characteristics of the subjects. The Samples were grouped in smaller groups: - Those using effective family planning methods - Those using less effective family planning methods at all A total of 427 fertile women randomly were selected from the population of the study. The health clinic's records were used to choose the subjects that fulfilled the conditions for participating in the study. A questionnaire was employed to gather the information, further, the data was analyzed The finding were presented in 43 tables and 10 graphs. Both descriptive and inferal statistics
were employed. For further analysis of the findings Xz, Mantel Hanzel and Fisher's exact tests were taken. The overall findings revealed that the rationals for using either method were: belief in planning for desired number of children, availability of contraceptive methods where they lived, satisfaction with the number of children they already had, and economic reasons, respectively. On the other hand the rationals for not using any method were: having children of the same sex, thus desirling for a child of the opposite sex, not having boys specifically, husband not willing and post partum breast feeding. In correlating the personal characteristics of the subjects with the rationals given for either method (effective or less effective) it was assumed that the subjects' age upon marriage, first pregnancy and number of pregnancies were significantly correlated with such rationals as being satisfied with the number of children they had, and being able to limit child bearing as they desired. It was also gathered.ithat age on marriage and first pregnancy, number of pregnancies and level of education were significantly correlated with all the rationals given for not using any method except for post-partum breast feeding. Comparisons of the three groups were made. It was found that a high percentage (65%) of 25-29 years old women were using the effective methods. On the other hand a high percentage (56.6%) of 14-19 year old women were not using either method. Further it was noticed that the less effective methods were practiced by older age groups and those with a history of eight pregnancies or more. In general, of those who did not have a male child, 43.3% were not using any contraceptive method where while only 37% of those who did not have a female child did not use any method. It was also noticed that those who were married to literate men followed family planning means more than those whose husbands were illiterate. Based on the findings suggestions for improving family planning practices were made and further |
Ghodsi, Z, Jahanfar, Sh, Shahpourian, F, Jamshidi, R,
Volume 16, Issue 35 (10-2003)
Volume 16, Issue 35 (10-2003)
Abstract
Conducting family planning programs at an extensive level in third world countries has economical, social and cultural advantages and decrease maternal and fetal mortality. Community based distribution (CBD) can effectively deliver family planning services at home. CBD promotes women’s Knowledge and facilitates their access to family planning methods. Finally, it enhances the rate of the usage of these methods. To determine the effect of community based distribution on family planning usage in Hamden’s household, a field study was carried out. Using a multy- staged method, 330 subjects were chosen and divided into two groups, control (n=110) and experimental (n=220). Findings revealed that by delivering family planning services at home the level of familiarity with preventive methods and also the correct usage of them will increases, as it was meaningfuly different in our two groups (P=0.001). Therefore, family planning services to be delivered at home is recommended. Evaluation of this service in remote areas (villages and tribes) and also the cost effectiveness of these programs are suggested to be done by other researches.
Z. Ghahremani, M. Jafarpoure Alavi, M. Gholam Araghi, F. Hosseini,
Volume 19, Issue 45 (4-2006)
Volume 19, Issue 45 (4-2006)
Abstract
Families of patients with Schizophrenia endure remarkable hardship for coping with their patient's psychotic symptoms and they confront several physical and emotional stresses. Regarding the importance of family's role in supporting patients in community-based services, the present study was conducted to determine correlates of quality of life in the family caregivers of schizophrenic patients with hope in Medical Education Centers, Tehran, 2006.
This correlational study, was carried out on 260 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia who had been referred to Medical Educational Centres in Tehran. A convenience sampling method was used and the study conducted in April- June in 2006. The data collection tool consisted of demographic questionnaire, Quality of Life Family Version and Miller Hope Scale (MHS). Data were analyzed using SPSS Soft Ware, descriptive statistics, c 2 and Spearman correlation coefficient.
The result, showed that 27.3% of family caregivers had inappropriate quality of life, 64.2% of them had good quality of life and 8.5% of them had very good quality of life. 53.5% of family caregivers had high level of hope, 45% of them had moderate hope and 1.5% had low level of hope. There was a significant direct relationship between quality of life and hope ( c 2 = 56.80, P =0.000 & r =0.679, P=0.000) in the subjects. Quality of life was correlated with economic status ( c 2 = 17.61, P= 0.0001), and education status ( c 2 =15.09, P= 0.020).
In this study regarding the correlation between quality of life and hope, the researchers recommended that using coping strategies may improve quality of life and the level of hope among family care givers of patients with schizophrenia.
Tahereh Gholipour, Monireh Anoosheh, Fazlollah Ahmadi,
Volume 21, Issue 54 (11-2008)
Volume 21, Issue 54 (11-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fruits and vegetables are essential part of healthy diets. Increasing evidence indicates that they may help to prevent major diseases such as heart diseases, some types of cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, stroke and etc. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of girl students’ participation on consumption of fruit and vegetables in the family.
Materials and Methods: This study had a quasi-experimental research design with two groups (experimental and control) and was carried out in 10 middle- schools in Tabriz during the year 2006. A number of 200 students participated in this study. The students in the experimental group (n=100) taught to research objectives (healthy diets, fruit and vegetable consumption, the methods of washing and disinfecting fruit and vegetables, importance of fruit and vegetables and the role of students in planning of fruit and vegetable consumption in the family). Then they began to assess and evaluate the amount of fruit and vegetable consumption in their family and encouraged their family members to increase or correct of fruit and vegetable consumption patterns. Questionnaires and checklists were data collecting tools, which were completed 2 times by students: before and 1 month after intervention.
Results: Findings showed that girl students’ participation made an increase in their family consumption of fruits and vegetables (P< 0.001).
Conclusion : Based on these findings, the research hypothesis was supported. It means that girl Students’ participation can increase fruit and vegetable consumption in the family.
Masoudnia E. Phd ,
Volume 24, Issue 70 (6-2011)
Volume 24, Issue 70 (6-2011)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Postpartum depression (PPD) has negative effects on developmental and behavioral functions of newborn, mother-child relationship and mother's health. The etiology of postpartum depression is very complex. Social support is known as a risk factor for postpartum depression. Accordingly the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and its components and incidence of postpartum depression.
Material & Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 140 mothers at least 5 weeks after their delivery. These mothers had been referred to Shahid Akbary and Shahid Motahhari hospitals in Yazd city to receive postpartum care. Data was collected by Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and analyzed by SPSS-PC using principal components analysis, zero-rank Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression.
Results: The results of the analysis suggest significant negative correlation between postpartum depression and total perceived social support (p < .001), family support (p < .001), significant others, support (p < .001), and friend support (p < .05). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the socio-demographic variables (Fetus age & sex) in the first model and social component in the second model explained %5.6, %12.6 of the variance of postpartum depression respectively.
Conclusion: Lack or insufficiency of social support in postpartum phase can be seen as a strong risk factor for postpartum depression. To prevent negative outcomes of postpartum depressions, encouragement of families, family networks, significant others and friends to support women in their antenatal and postpartum phase is recommended.
Yamani N. Phd, Alizadeh M. Msc, Changiz T. Phd, Taleghani F. Phd,
Volume 24, Issue 74 (2-2012)
Volume 24, Issue 74 (2-2012)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Our country needs nurses who are expert in family nursing. Accordingly, we need to determine their professional tasks as a basis for future planning regarding establishment of family nursing discipline in Iran. This study was a need assessment for family nursing curriculum using the viewpoints of nursing experts.
Material & Methods: It was a need assessment study using Delphi technique. Study population included nursing experts such as members of nursing board in Ministry of Health and Medical Education, vice dean for education and head of the departments in nursing schools in Iran who were selected through cluster multistage sampling and 93 experts participated in the first stage of the study. Data was gathered through Delphi technique and using questionnaire in two stages. The questionnaires were send by post. Focus groups viewpoints were used to complete and finalize the tasks. Data was analyzed using SPSS- PC by calculating mean and standard deviation for each statement.
Results: In the first stage of Delphi 56 items in care domain, 34 items in consultation domain, 14 items in research domain and 15 items in management domain were determined. In the second phase of Delphi all tasks received a mean score more than4. At last, 15, 11, 5, and 5 tasks were determined and finalized in care, consultation, and research and management domains, respectively.
Conclusion: Findings of the study revealed the importance of family nursing role in care domain especially regarding the care of patients suffering from chronic diseases. The results of this study could be used in curriculum development of family nursing discipline.
Gh Rajabi, Y Sarvestani, Kh Aslani, R Khojastemehr,
Volume 26, Issue 82 (6-2013)
Volume 26, Issue 82 (6-2013)
Abstract
Abstract:
Background & Aim: Marital life as one of the most important influential factors affecting family performance is influenced by numerous factors that would be different for employed women. Accordingly the aim of this study is to determine the predicators of marital satisfaction based on variables of work-family conflict, family- wok conflict, work-family conflict self- efficacy and family-work conflict self- efficacy in married female nurses working in educational hospitals affiliated to Jundishapor University of Medical Sciences during 2012.
Material & Methods: It was a descriptive-correlational study. Two hundred and forty married female nurses were selected by randomized stratified sampling among eight educational hospitals affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Data was collected by Work-Family Conflict, Family- Wok Conflict, Work-Family Conflict Self- Efficacy, Family-Work Conflict Self- Efficacy, Marital Satisfaction scales and analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis using SPSS-PC(v.16).
Results: There were significant negative correlations between work-family conflict and family-work conflict with marital satisfaction( P<0/001). There were also significant positive correlation between work-family conflict self- efficacy and family-work conflict self-efficacy with marital satisfaction( P<0/001). The results of regression analysis showed that family-wok conflict and work-family conflicts self-efficacy are the predictors of marital satisfaction.
Discussion and Conclusion: According to the findings, nurses are suggested to avoid letting job problems to interfere with their family responsibilities because this will reduce their job satisfaction, family life and their health. They are advised to make balance between the identities of their dual roles by bargaining between them.
Received: 4 March 2013
Accepted: 2 Jun 2013
H Mancheri, Nd Sharifi Neyestanak, N Seyedfatemi, M Heydari, M Ghodoosi,
Volume 26, Issue 83 (8-2013)
Volume 26, Issue 83 (8-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aim: Addiction (Substance addicted) as one of the health problems in the present century can influence physical, emotional and social aspects of addicted people and impose psychosocial problems for their families and society. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine social, psychosocial problems in families with an addicted member.
Material & Methods: It was a descriptive, correlational study. The sample consisted of 400 close family members of the addicted people who were randomly recruited. Data was collected by SCL-90 questionnaire analyzed by SPSS-PC (v.16).
Result: The findings showed that most subjects suffered moderate depression (36.8%) and moderate anxiety (36 . 4%). Also 36% of them had low levels of aggression and 35.8% had moderate interpersonal sensitivity.
Conclusion: Based on the findings , it can be concluded that addicted members of families can affect the mental health of other family members . Proposing educational programs by nurses for high risk persons would prevent addiction-induced difficulties by knowledge promotion and behavior change.
Received: 30 May 2013
Accepted: 3 Sep 2013
S Ehsanpour, S Taheri, Sh Kohan, H Taghinejad, Z Suhrabi, N Rezaei, M Shakour,
Volume 26, Issue 85 (12-2013)
Volume 26, Issue 85 (12-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background &Aim: Appropriate family planning counseling for informed choice , and the right and responsible use of contraceptive methods is very important. Cultural -religious barriers can have an effect on family planning counseling. The aim of study was comparing managers’, staff’ and clients’ viewpoints about cultural - religious barriers in family planning counseling in health care centers of Isfahan in 2012.
Material &Methods: This is a cross-sectional one-step three-group comparative descriptive study conducted on 295 subjects including 59 managers, 110 staff and 126 clients in health care centers of Isfahan in 2012. The Managers and staff were selected by census and the clients were recruited through simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher made questionnaire including two sections of fertility and personal characteristics, and measurement of viewpoints. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical tests (one-way ANOVA) using SPSS-PC (v.19).
Results: The findings showed a significant difference between mean scores of viewpoints in three groups of managers, staff and clients concerning cultural -religious barriers of family planning counseling (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results pointed to a difference among the viewpoints of the three groups, as though the clients considered cultural -religious barriers less prominent and less effective compared to other groups. Therefore, it is necessary to launch group discussion sessions with attendance of the three groups with the aim of investigation of problems which would have affected the performance of the participants in the field of planning and running correct family planning counseling.
Received: 3 Oct 2013
Accepted: 19 Dec 2013
A Navidian, M Sarhadi, A Kykhaie, R Kykhah,
Volume 26, Issue 86 (2-2014)
Volume 26, Issue 86 (2-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aim: Family members of hospitalized patients experience a lot of stress. This study was performed to determine the psychological reactions of family members of patients hospitalized in critical care and general units compare with general population.
Material & Methods: It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of family members of patients in critical care unit, and general units of Zahedan Khatam Alanbia hospital (each= 135) and 135 family members from general population recruiting by convenience sampling in 2012. Psychological reactions including stress, anxiety and depression were assessed by DASS- 21 standard questionnaire. Data was analyzed by ANOVA and Independent T tests using SPSS-PC (v. 16).
Results: The mean score of stress, anxiety and depression of family members of patients in critical units was 12.8 ± 5.5, 14.33 ± 5.19 and 12.29 ± 5.76 respectively that was significantly more than family members of patients in general units and general population (p< 0.001). The post hoc tests showed that paired tests of the mean score of anxiety, stress and depression in all three groups were significant α) = 0/05). So that the mean score of all three variables in family members of patients in critical care units were more than the family members of patients in general units and in family members of patients in general units was more than the general population. The finding also indicated that there are significant differences between the mean score of stress, anxiety and depression in spouses, mothers, unemployed, house keepers and women of family members of patients in critical care units and family members of patients in general units and general population (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Hospitalization of one family member leads to stress, anxiety and depression in family members. Therefore designing and performing family-centered interventions to reduce stress, anxiety and depression in these populations is recommended. Future research to study the factors related to these psychological reactions is also recommended.
Received: 8 Dec 2013
Accepted: 15 Feb 2014
F Sharifzadeh, A Mohammadi Mahmouei, H Alizadeh, S Khani Pordanjani , F Heshmati ,
Volume 27, Issue 87 (4-2014)
Volume 27, Issue 87 (4-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aim: Nowadays hospitals bear with the financial and human costs because of nurses’ turnover. Many factors affect nurses’ turnover and work-family conflict is one of these variables. Thus, the purpose of this study is determining the relationship between work-family conflict and intention to leave among nurses.
Material & Methods: It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. A total of 257 nurses working in Emam Khomeini, Firouzgar, and Day & Hashemi Nejad hospitals in Tehran who were selected by stratified random sampling participated in the study. Data was gathered via Carlson et al. and Tei & Yamazakei standard questionnaires. Data analysis performed by Structural Equation Modeling, Path Analysis, and Independent T-Test via LISREL and SPSS-PC (v.16).
Results: Path Analysis showed that work-family conflict had a positive significant relationship (β= 0.9 ) with intention to leave among nurses (P<0.01). Pearson correlation test showed that there is a positive significant relationship between gender and work-family conflict (P<0.05, r=0.13), Intention to leave and age (P<0.05, r=0.15) and years of work experience (P<0.01, r=0.17). Also we found that work-family conflict in public hospitals was more than private hospitals (P=0.02). However, there was no significant difference between intention to leave in public and private hospitals (P=0.66).
Conclusion: Recognition of nurses' work-family conflict can play an important role in reducing the consequences and negative outcomes such intention to leave among nurses and provide an efficient basis to adopt effective strategies for human resource management.
J Mirlashari, T Sadeghi, S Sagheb, T Khanmohammadzadeh,
Volume 28, Issue 93 (4-2015)
Volume 28, Issue 93 (4-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aim: Despite widespread implementation of family-centered care (FCC) in children’s hospitals, there is insufficient information about the degree of and barriers to its implementation. This study aims to determine the perspectives of nurses and physicians about barriers to FCC in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Material & Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample was all of the nurses and physicians working in the NICUs of the educational hospitals. Data was collected by a researcher-made valid questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS-PC (v.16).
Results: “Units which are not equipped enough for family centered care implementation” (76.6%), “family problems (74%) and “Parents unwilling to stay in the units for a long time” (73.3%) were respectively the three most important barriers from nurses’ perspective. From physicians’ perspective, “Units which are not equipped enough for family-centered care implementation” (69%), “Parents unwilling to stay in the wards for a long time” (65%), and “absence of clear rules and guidelines for the level of involvement of parents in neonatal care” (64%) were respectively the three most important barriers to the implementation of family centered care.
Conclusion: Although nurses and physicians agreed upon two barriers but they were not so agree about other factors. To facilitate family centered care, it seems that consideration of the two groups’ perspective to provide an appropriate environment and needed changes in intensive care units is necessary.
The Relationship of Work- Family Facilitation with Job Well-Being and Occupational Success of Nurses
N Kaabomeir, A Safari, A Naami, K Beshlideh,
Volume 29, Issue 104 (2-2017)
Volume 29, Issue 104 (2-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aim: Positive impact on each area of work and family can be one of the causes of occupational well-being and success in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of work-family facilitation on job well-being and occupational success among nurses.
Material & Methods: This study was a causal-comparative research. The study population included nurses of Amir-Almomenin hospital of Ahvaz that were selected through census method by census method in 2015. Work-Family Facilitation (Holbrook), Job Well-Being (Parker & Hyett) and Perceived Occupational Success (Grebner, Elfering & Semmer) questionnaires were used for data collecting. Data were analyzed based on Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis by using SPSS- 22 software.
Results: The study results showed that both of work-family and family-work facilitation, were able to predict job well-being and occupational success of nurses.
Conclusion: According to the positive contribution of work-family facilitation on nurses’ success and well-being, managers and administrators should adopt programs for increasing balance and positive impact on each of the two areas.
A Rahmani, E Merghati-Khoei , L Moghaddam Banaem , R Gholami, A Torabi,
Volume 30, Issue 108 (10-2017)
Volume 30, Issue 108 (10-2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aim: Risky sexual behaviors are a great threat for youth's physical and social health. Family has an important role in young women’s engagement in risky sexual behaviors. This study was designed to explore the role of family in young women’s engagement in risky sexual behaviors.
Materials & Methods: This qualitative study used conventional content analysis and was conducted in university and non-university dormitories and recruited 65 young women aged 18-35. Data were collected, using focus group discussions (7 sessions) and individual interviews (12 interviews) in 2012 through snowball sampling. Focus group discussions were held in the students’ dormitories and the place of individual interviews were determined by the participants. We employed content analysis to analyze the data (Graneheim and Lundman's approach). In order to enhance the validity of the data, multiple data collection methods, maximum variation sampling, and external check were applied.
Results: The results of the present study were categorized into three subcategories: "family monitoring", "family emotional support", and "family upbringing". "Family upbringing" has 2 subcategories: "open family upbringing" and "purely religious upbringing". Family is the first context in which young women grow up. Participants considered family support and monitoring as protective factors in engagement in risky sexual behaviors. Moreover, they stated that the two sides of this spectrum ("open family upbringing" and "purely religious upbringing") are risk factors for engagement in risky sexual behaviors.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that family has an important role in young women's sexual behaviors. The findings of the present study can be applied to provide solutions (including family education in the media, schools, and organizations) to alert families to prevent premarital and risky sexual behaviors.
Background & Aim: Risky sexual behaviors are a great threat for youth's physical and social health. Family has an important role in young women’s engagement in risky sexual behaviors. This study was designed to explore the role of family in young women’s engagement in risky sexual behaviors.
Materials & Methods: This qualitative study used conventional content analysis and was conducted in university and non-university dormitories and recruited 65 young women aged 18-35. Data were collected, using focus group discussions (7 sessions) and individual interviews (12 interviews) in 2012 through snowball sampling. Focus group discussions were held in the students’ dormitories and the place of individual interviews were determined by the participants. We employed content analysis to analyze the data (Graneheim and Lundman's approach). In order to enhance the validity of the data, multiple data collection methods, maximum variation sampling, and external check were applied.
Results: The results of the present study were categorized into three subcategories: "family monitoring", "family emotional support", and "family upbringing". "Family upbringing" has 2 subcategories: "open family upbringing" and "purely religious upbringing". Family is the first context in which young women grow up. Participants considered family support and monitoring as protective factors in engagement in risky sexual behaviors. Moreover, they stated that the two sides of this spectrum ("open family upbringing" and "purely religious upbringing") are risk factors for engagement in risky sexual behaviors.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that family has an important role in young women's sexual behaviors. The findings of the present study can be applied to provide solutions (including family education in the media, schools, and organizations) to alert families to prevent premarital and risky sexual behaviors.
S Azadi, F Nahidpoor,
Volume 31, Issue 112 (6-2018)
Volume 31, Issue 112 (6-2018)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aims: Domestic violence is an annoying and undeniable fact in today’s world. This study aimed to investigate the intergenerational transmission of violence from the family-of-origin to the current family in women who referred to the court.
Material & Methods: This was a correlational study. The research population comprised of 283 women who referred to the family courts, the forensic medicine center and dispute resolution councils in Shiraz in 2014. Participants were selected by the convenience sampling method and responded to two questionnaires of violence against women and family-of-origin violence. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data through the SPSS software version 19.
Results: Data analysis showed a significant direct correlation between violence in the family-of-origin and violence in the current family (P>0.01), physical violence in the family-of-origin and physical violence in current family (P>0.01), psychological violence in the family-of-origin and psychological violence in current family (P>0.01), economic violence in the family-of-origin and economic violence in current family (P>0.01). In addition, violence in the family-of-origin was a predictor of violence in current family (P<0.01).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it can be said that there is a significant direct relationship between violence in the family-of-origin and violence in the current family, and witnessing violence in the family-of-origin is associated with an increased risk of spouse violence victimization in the family of destination
Background & Aims: Domestic violence is an annoying and undeniable fact in today’s world. This study aimed to investigate the intergenerational transmission of violence from the family-of-origin to the current family in women who referred to the court.
Material & Methods: This was a correlational study. The research population comprised of 283 women who referred to the family courts, the forensic medicine center and dispute resolution councils in Shiraz in 2014. Participants were selected by the convenience sampling method and responded to two questionnaires of violence against women and family-of-origin violence. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used to analyze the data through the SPSS software version 19.
Results: Data analysis showed a significant direct correlation between violence in the family-of-origin and violence in the current family (P>0.01), physical violence in the family-of-origin and physical violence in current family (P>0.01), psychological violence in the family-of-origin and psychological violence in current family (P>0.01), economic violence in the family-of-origin and economic violence in current family (P>0.01). In addition, violence in the family-of-origin was a predictor of violence in current family (P<0.01).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it can be said that there is a significant direct relationship between violence in the family-of-origin and violence in the current family, and witnessing violence in the family-of-origin is associated with an increased risk of spouse violence victimization in the family of destination
M Seyedoshohadaee, M Ahmadi, H Haghani,
Volume 32, Issue 119 (9-2019)
Volume 32, Issue 119 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Emergency departments (EDs) are the most challenging ward concerning patient care. The hospitalization of a family member in the hospital, especially in ED, increases anxiety and psychological problems in other members of the family. Given the emergency patients’ need for immediate and special care, understanding their problems in the ED is crucial to provide favorable services and increase satisfaction in these individuals. Effective communication and intrapersonal skills are the basic principles for the provision of high-quality care. Therefore, establishing effective communication between the healthcare team and family members of the patient is significantly vital to provide safe care and prevent damage to the patient. This is specifically important in stressful hospital wards (e.g., Eds). The way nurses interact with patients and their companions play an important role in the control and management of their anxiety levels. In addition, favorable nurses’ communication with patients and their families could contribute to gathering the required information and proper management of the treatment process. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between the anxiety of emergency patients’ family members with their views on nurses’ communication skills.
Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study performed on 263 family members of patients referring to the Eds of two selected training healthcare centers affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The participants were selected by continuous sampling based on the inclusion criteria, which included age above 18 years, being literate, no history of psychological disorders or use of psychiatric medications (based on self-report), and being a first-degree relative (mother, father, sister, brother, child, spouse). The sample size was estimated at 263 to determine the sample size at 95% confidence level and 90% test power assuming that the correlation coefficient between the relationship between the nurse and anxiety in the patients' families was at least 0.2, so that this correlation is considered statistically significant. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire (age, gender, level of education, marital status, economic status, occupational status, kinship, insurance status, and triage level), the health care climate questionnaire (HCCQ), and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. In addition, a P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 42.92 ± 11.64 years. In terms of gender, 56.3% of the participants were male and the rest were female. Regarding the level of education, the highest frequency was related to below diploma degrees (40.7%). In addition, poor (48.3%) and moderate (46.8%) economic states had the highest frequency, respectively. The majority of the participants were married (75.3%), and most of the companions were patients’ children (58.2%) and spouse (22.1%). Moreover, 89.4% of the patients had basic insurance coverage. Cardiovascular disease with 44.9% was the most common cause of referral, and the ratio of patients' triage level was almost equal. According to the results, the score of nurses’ communication skills in EDs was reported to be poor from the perspective of patients’ companions (36.74 ± 7.3). In addition, the results obtained from the BAI indicated that most family members (75.3%) had a mild anxiety level, whereas 18% and 6.8% of them had moderate and severe anxiety levels, respectively. Furthermore, the total anxiety score of the companions was estimated at 13.25 ± 14.16, which demonstrated their low anxiety level. Pearson’s correlation coefficient results were indicative of no significant relationship between nurses’ communication skills and their dimensions with anxiety levels in patients’ family members. In addition, the analysis of patients’ family members’ anxiety based on demographic characteristics showed a significant relationship between anxiety and level of education (P=0.039), economic status (P=0.033), and kinship (P=0.001). Moreover, the mean anxiety score was significantly higher in children of patients, compared to spouses (P=0.008). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the triage level of patients and the anxiety level of companions of patients (P<0.001). In addition, anxiety was significantly lower in family members of patients with a triage level of three and higher, compared to patients with a triage level of one (P=0.012) and two (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results, nurses had unfavorable communication skills from the perspective of patients’ family members. In addition, a mild anxiety level was observed in most family members of emergency patients. Despite a lack of a significant relationship between the anxiety of family members and their views on nurses’ communication skills, it seems that the poor communication skills of nurses from the perspective of the patient's family member need special attention. As the first service providers that clients encounter, nurses are responsible for the perception of family members of patients about healthcare services. Therefore, it seems necessary to more focus on factors affecting the effective communication between nurses and companions of patients in hospitals. In addition, attempts should be made to remove or reduce communication issues through proper plans and measures. The results of the present study can be used to plan for improving nurses’ communication skills by designing and implementing in-service training or other incentive mechanisms to increase nurses' communication skills as well as managing the anxiety of patients and their companions.
Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study performed on 263 family members of patients referring to the Eds of two selected training healthcare centers affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The participants were selected by continuous sampling based on the inclusion criteria, which included age above 18 years, being literate, no history of psychological disorders or use of psychiatric medications (based on self-report), and being a first-degree relative (mother, father, sister, brother, child, spouse). The sample size was estimated at 263 to determine the sample size at 95% confidence level and 90% test power assuming that the correlation coefficient between the relationship between the nurse and anxiety in the patients' families was at least 0.2, so that this correlation is considered statistically significant. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire (age, gender, level of education, marital status, economic status, occupational status, kinship, insurance status, and triage level), the health care climate questionnaire (HCCQ), and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. In addition, a P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 42.92 ± 11.64 years. In terms of gender, 56.3% of the participants were male and the rest were female. Regarding the level of education, the highest frequency was related to below diploma degrees (40.7%). In addition, poor (48.3%) and moderate (46.8%) economic states had the highest frequency, respectively. The majority of the participants were married (75.3%), and most of the companions were patients’ children (58.2%) and spouse (22.1%). Moreover, 89.4% of the patients had basic insurance coverage. Cardiovascular disease with 44.9% was the most common cause of referral, and the ratio of patients' triage level was almost equal. According to the results, the score of nurses’ communication skills in EDs was reported to be poor from the perspective of patients’ companions (36.74 ± 7.3). In addition, the results obtained from the BAI indicated that most family members (75.3%) had a mild anxiety level, whereas 18% and 6.8% of them had moderate and severe anxiety levels, respectively. Furthermore, the total anxiety score of the companions was estimated at 13.25 ± 14.16, which demonstrated their low anxiety level. Pearson’s correlation coefficient results were indicative of no significant relationship between nurses’ communication skills and their dimensions with anxiety levels in patients’ family members. In addition, the analysis of patients’ family members’ anxiety based on demographic characteristics showed a significant relationship between anxiety and level of education (P=0.039), economic status (P=0.033), and kinship (P=0.001). Moreover, the mean anxiety score was significantly higher in children of patients, compared to spouses (P=0.008). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the triage level of patients and the anxiety level of companions of patients (P<0.001). In addition, anxiety was significantly lower in family members of patients with a triage level of three and higher, compared to patients with a triage level of one (P=0.012) and two (P<0.001).
Conclusion: According to the results, nurses had unfavorable communication skills from the perspective of patients’ family members. In addition, a mild anxiety level was observed in most family members of emergency patients. Despite a lack of a significant relationship between the anxiety of family members and their views on nurses’ communication skills, it seems that the poor communication skills of nurses from the perspective of the patient's family member need special attention. As the first service providers that clients encounter, nurses are responsible for the perception of family members of patients about healthcare services. Therefore, it seems necessary to more focus on factors affecting the effective communication between nurses and companions of patients in hospitals. In addition, attempts should be made to remove or reduce communication issues through proper plans and measures. The results of the present study can be used to plan for improving nurses’ communication skills by designing and implementing in-service training or other incentive mechanisms to increase nurses' communication skills as well as managing the anxiety of patients and their companions.
A Hassanpour Dehkordi, F Soleymani, Z Habibi, S Kheiri, Sh Salehitali,
Volume 32, Issue 122 (2-2020)
Volume 32, Issue 122 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Fatigue is the second most common symptom in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fatigue prevents carrying out individual and social roles and responsibilities and decreases people’s ability to work and make efforts to maintain natural life and perform favorite and enjoyable activities. Therefore, it has many negative effects on the economic status and quality of life of those with this condition. In addition, fatigue exacerbates the disease, increases the disease load, decreases occupational productivity, ability to concentrate, and sexual function. Overcoming these issues requires the participation of the patient and the family in the disease management and care process. Moreover, caregivers’ participation and ability will improve patients’ health. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a family-centered empowerment model (FCEM) on the fatigue of individuals with COPD.
Materials & Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 72 patients with COPD accompanied by their family members. The subjects were selected by simple sampling and randomly divided into two intervention and control groups of 36. Inclusion criteria were COPD diagnosis by a physician, hospitalization of patients in internal medicine wards of hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, psychological health, the stability of physical condition, ability to participate in educational sessions, spirometry in the diagnostic file with FEV1 level above 35%, and being literate. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria were lack of cooperation with the research, worsened clinical conditions, and inability to participate in sessions. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire (age, gender, marital status, level of education, history of other chronic diseases, and FEV1 index), and fatigue severity scale by Crop et al. The educational program was developed based on FCEM and included four steps of perceived threat, problem-solving, educational participation and assessment. In total, four 90-minute panels were held for groups of 10-15 participants in the intervention group in the presence of their family members. In the first and second sessions, group discussions were made based on the step of the perceived threat of FCEM. In the first session, information was provided about the disease and its process, prognosis, symptoms, complications, risk factors, and failure to follow the treatment plan. The second session included a description of COPD control and prevention methods, as well as self-care behaviors and their importance. Moreover, the second and fourth sessions focused on problem-solving stages, which included detecting the problem (disease process, causative agents of the disease, and complications caused by the disease) and analyzing the problem based on the causes of diagnosis, determining goals, providing solutions, selecting the best solution, and discussing how to carry out the solution to achieve the goal according to the abilities and facilities of patients and their family members. The evaluation of the process during the intervention was performed by the researcher in all sessions, in a way that the patient and family members were asked about learning the material presented and the content was repeated for those who needed more explanation. Afterwards, the intervention group was followed up by the research team for three months and the questions and problems of care and the knowledge required for their care were answered. The final assessment was performed three months after the intervention by completing the fatigue questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using frequency and percentage indexes for qualitative variables and mean and standard indexes for quantitative data with a normal distribution. Other tests applied included Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square (for qualitative variables), and independent and paired t-test (for normal quantitative variables). Notably, a P-value of below 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants in the intervention and control groups was 64.83 ± 11.97 and 62.11 ± 6.29 years, respectively. According to the independent t-test, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age (P=0.23). Moreover, the mean first-second rapid exhalation was reported to be 57.83 ± 9.64 and 58.46 ± 11.15 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in this regard (P=0.8). overall, the two groups were homogenous in terms of gender, history of chronic diseases, and level of education. At the beginning of the study, the mean and standard deviation of fatigue score in the intervention and control groups was 41.10 ± 08.58 and 39.46 ± 9.67, respectively. In this respect, no significant difference was observed between the groups (P=0.5). After the intervention, the mean fatigue score was reported at 34.75 ± 6.25 and 41.7 ± 11.83 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, demonstrating a significant difference in this regard (P=0.01). According to the results, the mean fatigue score was significantly decreased in the intervention group after the intervention, compared to the control group (P=0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the involvement of patients’ caregivers in understanding the threats perceived from the disease and increase of their knowledge about the disease and related care will not only enhance their cooperation in the process of patient care but also will pave the way for more effective care in patients. Empowering family members responsible for the care of patients with COPD reduces the level of fatigue in these individuals. Therefore, care and treatment programs for chronic patients pay attention to patients’ caregivers in addition to paying attention to the patients.
Materials & Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 72 patients with COPD accompanied by their family members. The subjects were selected by simple sampling and randomly divided into two intervention and control groups of 36. Inclusion criteria were COPD diagnosis by a physician, hospitalization of patients in internal medicine wards of hospitals affiliated to Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, psychological health, the stability of physical condition, ability to participate in educational sessions, spirometry in the diagnostic file with FEV1 level above 35%, and being literate. On the other hand, the exclusion criteria were lack of cooperation with the research, worsened clinical conditions, and inability to participate in sessions. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics questionnaire (age, gender, marital status, level of education, history of other chronic diseases, and FEV1 index), and fatigue severity scale by Crop et al. The educational program was developed based on FCEM and included four steps of perceived threat, problem-solving, educational participation and assessment. In total, four 90-minute panels were held for groups of 10-15 participants in the intervention group in the presence of their family members. In the first and second sessions, group discussions were made based on the step of the perceived threat of FCEM. In the first session, information was provided about the disease and its process, prognosis, symptoms, complications, risk factors, and failure to follow the treatment plan. The second session included a description of COPD control and prevention methods, as well as self-care behaviors and their importance. Moreover, the second and fourth sessions focused on problem-solving stages, which included detecting the problem (disease process, causative agents of the disease, and complications caused by the disease) and analyzing the problem based on the causes of diagnosis, determining goals, providing solutions, selecting the best solution, and discussing how to carry out the solution to achieve the goal according to the abilities and facilities of patients and their family members. The evaluation of the process during the intervention was performed by the researcher in all sessions, in a way that the patient and family members were asked about learning the material presented and the content was repeated for those who needed more explanation. Afterwards, the intervention group was followed up by the research team for three months and the questions and problems of care and the knowledge required for their care were answered. The final assessment was performed three months after the intervention by completing the fatigue questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using frequency and percentage indexes for qualitative variables and mean and standard indexes for quantitative data with a normal distribution. Other tests applied included Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square (for qualitative variables), and independent and paired t-test (for normal quantitative variables). Notably, a P-value of below 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants in the intervention and control groups was 64.83 ± 11.97 and 62.11 ± 6.29 years, respectively. According to the independent t-test, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age (P=0.23). Moreover, the mean first-second rapid exhalation was reported to be 57.83 ± 9.64 and 58.46 ± 11.15 in the intervention and control groups, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in this regard (P=0.8). overall, the two groups were homogenous in terms of gender, history of chronic diseases, and level of education. At the beginning of the study, the mean and standard deviation of fatigue score in the intervention and control groups was 41.10 ± 08.58 and 39.46 ± 9.67, respectively. In this respect, no significant difference was observed between the groups (P=0.5). After the intervention, the mean fatigue score was reported at 34.75 ± 6.25 and 41.7 ± 11.83 in the intervention and control groups, respectively, demonstrating a significant difference in this regard (P=0.01). According to the results, the mean fatigue score was significantly decreased in the intervention group after the intervention, compared to the control group (P=0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the involvement of patients’ caregivers in understanding the threats perceived from the disease and increase of their knowledge about the disease and related care will not only enhance their cooperation in the process of patient care but also will pave the way for more effective care in patients. Empowering family members responsible for the care of patients with COPD reduces the level of fatigue in these individuals. Therefore, care and treatment programs for chronic patients pay attention to patients’ caregivers in addition to paying attention to the patients.
Smj Mousavinia, A Naami, N Arshadi, K Beshlideh,
Volume 33, Issue 124 (6-2020)
Volume 33, Issue 124 (6-2020)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Today, work-family conflict is considered as one of the most important issues in the world of work, which is increasing rapidly and is not limited to one organization, and all organizations must pay special attention to this phenomenon in order to maintain their human resources as the most important competitive advantage. Nurses are no exception due to the high work requirements on the one hand and family issues on the other hand. People in the nursing profession usually work in different and sometimes irregular work shifts, and their work may be associated with stress and difficulties and affect nurses psychologically. In the meantime, the situation can be more difficult for married nurses, as they may become involved in work-family conflicts. The conflict between work and family as a major issue affecting both employees and employers and their families is accompanied by prominent family problems such as family satisfaction, couple relationship quality, and parenting quality. Therefore, industrial and organizational psychologists have focused their research on finding moderating variables to reduce such adverse effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of Wellbeing at Work in reducing the effect of work-family conflict on family satisfaction, couple relationship quality and parenting quality of nurses.
Materia & Methods: The present study was a correlational survey. The research community consisted of married nurses with children of govermental Ahvaz city hospitals, among which 240 were selected as sample members in a multi - step sampling method. Thus, among the Governmental hospitals in Ahvaz, four hospitals were randomly selected and 5 wards were randomly selected from each hospital and 12 people from each ward were selected by simple random method as constituent members in The present study was considered. The data collection period was three months (from September to November 2019). Among the distributed questionnaires, 231 questionnaires were returned, of which 223 were fully completed and usable, and 8 questionnaires were incompletely completed and excluded from the analysis process. Criteria for inclusion in the study included marriage, having children, willingness and informed consent to participate in the research and complete answers to all questions of self-report questionnaires. Incomplete completion of the questionnaires was the exit criterion. Carlson et al. (2000) Work-Family Conflict, Aryee et al. (1999) Family Satisfaction, Chonody et al. (2016) Couple Relationship Quality, Arnol et al. (1993) Parenting scale, Zheng et al. (2015) Employee well‐being Scale were used for data collecting. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-16 software through descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression).
Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that between work-family conflict and family satisfaction (r = -0/256, P <0/01), and Couple Relationship Quality (r = -0/274, P <0/01), and parenting quality ( r = 0/171, P <0/01), as well as between family-work conflict and family satisfaction (r = -0/273, P <0/01), and Couple Relationship Quality (r = -0/301, P <0/01), and Parenting quality (r = 0/165, P <0/01), there was a negative and significant relationship. Also, the results of hierarchical regression showed that adding the interaction of work-family conflict and Employee's well-being to the regression equation in the second step, explained 0/631% of the variance of family satisfaction with 0/044% exclusive variance (𝜷= 0/227, P<0/01), and explained 0/685% of the variance of the Couple Relationship Quality increased by 0/022% of the exclusive variance (𝜷= 0/ 160, P<0/01), and the explanation of 0/671% of the variance of the parenting quality increased by 0/048% of the exclusive variance(𝜷= -0/237, P<0/01). Furthermore, the results of hierarchical regression showed that adding the interaction of family-work conflict and Employee's well-being to the regression equation in the second step, explained 0/626% of the variance of family satisfaction with 0/036% exclusive variance (𝜷= 0/213, P<0/01), and explained 0/685% of the variance of the Couple Relationship Quality increased by 0/016% of the exclusive variance (𝜷= 0/142, P<0/01), and the explanation of 0/654% of the variance of the parenting quality increased by 0/032% of the exclusive variance(𝜷= -0/200, P<0/01). Also, the regression coefficient related to the interaction of these variables showed that the interactive effect of work-family conflict and Employee's well-being and also the interactive effect of family-work conflict and Employee's well-being are statistically significant. Significance of this interaction means that the relationship between work-family conflict as well as family-work conflict with family satisfaction, the quality of couple relationship and the quality of parenting at high and low levels of Employee's well-being are different. Therefore, it can be said that Employee's well-being affects the relationship between work-family conflict and also family-work conflict with family satisfaction, the quality of couple relationship and the quality of parenting.
Conclusion: The results indicate that work-family conflict as well as family-work conflict had a significant role in reducing family satisfaction, the quality of couple relationships and the quality of parenting in nurses. In explaining these findings, we can refer to the theory of spillover. Accordingly, one's experiences in one area (work or life) leak into another. In addition, according to the theory of role, work and family are each separate areas and each area tries to spend more time and attention in society. Reducing time spent with family members due to attendance at work jeopardizes happiness and a sense of intimacy between them (time-based work-family conflict).On the other hand, not being on time at work due to family issues causes problems for the person in the organization (time-based family- work conflict). In addition, spending a lot of time, effort and attention in the workplace reduces a person's energy to take care of the family (exhaustion-based work-family conflict). Conversely, spending too much time, effort, and attention on the family reduces a person's energy to take on job responsibilities (exhaustion-based family- work conflict). The employee may also become so engrossed in the pursuit of resources in the workplace that he or she sees the home environment as an organization (behavior-based work-family conflict). Conversely, one may assimilate to one's family roles to the extent that one performs appropriate behaviors with the family domain in the workenvironment (behavior-based family-work conflict). All of these factors can have a negative effect on family outcomes. In addition, regarding the moderating role of Employee's well-being, the results of regression analysis showed that this variable can moderate the negative effects of conflicts between work and family on family satisfaction, the quality of couple relationships and the quality of parenting. To explaining these findings, it can be said that work-family conflict is described as an incompatibility between work and family roles, which arises from the incompatible pressure of family and job roles. In other words, when a person plays two or more roles that are incompatible with each other, he / she experiences role conflict. Everyone is affected by work and family issues, regardless of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status or family structure. On the other hand, as stated in the definition of Employee's well-being, Employee's well-being in the form of experiences such as job satisfaction, job enthusiasm, independence, competence, self-acceptance, purposefulness, personal growth, positive relationships with others , And the absence of negative experiences such as anxiety, stress and depression in the workplace. In addition to providing the necessities of life, the job is directly related to the psychological well-being of the individual and also paves the way for the satisfaction of many of his/her immaterial needs. People who experience positive well-being believe that they have positive feelings and pleasant experiences. Positive psychological well-being is characterized by the perception of efficient personal characteristics and successes, proper interaction with the world, and social cohesion and positive progress over time. Positive well-being includes satisfaction with life and energy and positive mood. This positive feeling acts as a buffer and allows people to be less affected by the negative effects of conflicts between work and family, And make better decisions to avoid the negative impact of these conflicts on different areas of their lives.
Materia & Methods: The present study was a correlational survey. The research community consisted of married nurses with children of govermental Ahvaz city hospitals, among which 240 were selected as sample members in a multi - step sampling method. Thus, among the Governmental hospitals in Ahvaz, four hospitals were randomly selected and 5 wards were randomly selected from each hospital and 12 people from each ward were selected by simple random method as constituent members in The present study was considered. The data collection period was three months (from September to November 2019). Among the distributed questionnaires, 231 questionnaires were returned, of which 223 were fully completed and usable, and 8 questionnaires were incompletely completed and excluded from the analysis process. Criteria for inclusion in the study included marriage, having children, willingness and informed consent to participate in the research and complete answers to all questions of self-report questionnaires. Incomplete completion of the questionnaires was the exit criterion. Carlson et al. (2000) Work-Family Conflict, Aryee et al. (1999) Family Satisfaction, Chonody et al. (2016) Couple Relationship Quality, Arnol et al. (1993) Parenting scale, Zheng et al. (2015) Employee well‐being Scale were used for data collecting. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-16 software through descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression).
Results: The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that between work-family conflict and family satisfaction (r = -0/256, P <0/01), and Couple Relationship Quality (r = -0/274, P <0/01), and parenting quality ( r = 0/171, P <0/01), as well as between family-work conflict and family satisfaction (r = -0/273, P <0/01), and Couple Relationship Quality (r = -0/301, P <0/01), and Parenting quality (r = 0/165, P <0/01), there was a negative and significant relationship. Also, the results of hierarchical regression showed that adding the interaction of work-family conflict and Employee's well-being to the regression equation in the second step, explained 0/631% of the variance of family satisfaction with 0/044% exclusive variance (𝜷= 0/227, P<0/01), and explained 0/685% of the variance of the Couple Relationship Quality increased by 0/022% of the exclusive variance (𝜷= 0/ 160, P<0/01), and the explanation of 0/671% of the variance of the parenting quality increased by 0/048% of the exclusive variance(𝜷= -0/237, P<0/01). Furthermore, the results of hierarchical regression showed that adding the interaction of family-work conflict and Employee's well-being to the regression equation in the second step, explained 0/626% of the variance of family satisfaction with 0/036% exclusive variance (𝜷= 0/213, P<0/01), and explained 0/685% of the variance of the Couple Relationship Quality increased by 0/016% of the exclusive variance (𝜷= 0/142, P<0/01), and the explanation of 0/654% of the variance of the parenting quality increased by 0/032% of the exclusive variance(𝜷= -0/200, P<0/01). Also, the regression coefficient related to the interaction of these variables showed that the interactive effect of work-family conflict and Employee's well-being and also the interactive effect of family-work conflict and Employee's well-being are statistically significant. Significance of this interaction means that the relationship between work-family conflict as well as family-work conflict with family satisfaction, the quality of couple relationship and the quality of parenting at high and low levels of Employee's well-being are different. Therefore, it can be said that Employee's well-being affects the relationship between work-family conflict and also family-work conflict with family satisfaction, the quality of couple relationship and the quality of parenting.
Conclusion: The results indicate that work-family conflict as well as family-work conflict had a significant role in reducing family satisfaction, the quality of couple relationships and the quality of parenting in nurses. In explaining these findings, we can refer to the theory of spillover. Accordingly, one's experiences in one area (work or life) leak into another. In addition, according to the theory of role, work and family are each separate areas and each area tries to spend more time and attention in society. Reducing time spent with family members due to attendance at work jeopardizes happiness and a sense of intimacy between them (time-based work-family conflict).On the other hand, not being on time at work due to family issues causes problems for the person in the organization (time-based family- work conflict). In addition, spending a lot of time, effort and attention in the workplace reduces a person's energy to take care of the family (exhaustion-based work-family conflict). Conversely, spending too much time, effort, and attention on the family reduces a person's energy to take on job responsibilities (exhaustion-based family- work conflict). The employee may also become so engrossed in the pursuit of resources in the workplace that he or she sees the home environment as an organization (behavior-based work-family conflict). Conversely, one may assimilate to one's family roles to the extent that one performs appropriate behaviors with the family domain in the workenvironment (behavior-based family-work conflict). All of these factors can have a negative effect on family outcomes. In addition, regarding the moderating role of Employee's well-being, the results of regression analysis showed that this variable can moderate the negative effects of conflicts between work and family on family satisfaction, the quality of couple relationships and the quality of parenting. To explaining these findings, it can be said that work-family conflict is described as an incompatibility between work and family roles, which arises from the incompatible pressure of family and job roles. In other words, when a person plays two or more roles that are incompatible with each other, he / she experiences role conflict. Everyone is affected by work and family issues, regardless of demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status or family structure. On the other hand, as stated in the definition of Employee's well-being, Employee's well-being in the form of experiences such as job satisfaction, job enthusiasm, independence, competence, self-acceptance, purposefulness, personal growth, positive relationships with others , And the absence of negative experiences such as anxiety, stress and depression in the workplace. In addition to providing the necessities of life, the job is directly related to the psychological well-being of the individual and also paves the way for the satisfaction of many of his/her immaterial needs. People who experience positive well-being believe that they have positive feelings and pleasant experiences. Positive psychological well-being is characterized by the perception of efficient personal characteristics and successes, proper interaction with the world, and social cohesion and positive progress over time. Positive well-being includes satisfaction with life and energy and positive mood. This positive feeling acts as a buffer and allows people to be less affected by the negative effects of conflicts between work and family, And make better decisions to avoid the negative impact of these conflicts on different areas of their lives.
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