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Showing 6 results for Attachment
Relationship between Attachment Style and Empathy in Nursing Students
Khodabakhsh Mr,
Volume 25, Issue 77 (8-2012)
Abstract

  Background & Aims : Attachment styles of nurses as caregivers and members of healthcare teams and empathy as individuals' basic capacity which contributes to the management of relationships, the supporting of communal activities, and insight to the quality of nurse-patient relationship are therefore considered to be an important topic worth studying. This study examined the relationship between attachment styles and empathy in nursing students living in dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences . 

  Material & Method : A sample of 260 university students (130 males, 130 females) participated in this study. All participants completed the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). Data was collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS (v.18) 

  Results : The results showed that secure and insecure attachment styles had significant positive and negative correlation with empathy, respectively. The results of regression analysis revealed that secure attachment style is shown to be the predicting 67% of the variance of empathy variable whereas anxiety attachment styles is shown to be the predicting 61% and avoidant attachment styles is shown to be the predicting 54% of the variance of empathy variable. 

 Conclusion : Assessing attachment styles and relationship of attachment styles with empathy can be valuable guidelines in order to provide mental health for nursing students . The meaning and limitation of this study and the suggestion for the further study are discussed.

  Received: 2 Jun 2012

  Accepted: 27 Aug 2012

 


Relationship between Attachment Styles and Mental Health among Nurses
F Sedigh Arfaei , H Rahimi, Z Ghodusi,
Volume 27, Issue 88 (6-2014)
Abstract

  Abstract

  Background & Aim: Attachment styles are among interpersonal resources that can help to reduce stress levels in adverse conditions and decrease the negative impact of stress. Attachment styles are important in predicting mental health. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to study the relationship between attachment styles and mental health among nurses.

  Material & Methods: It was a descriptive- correlational study. The research population included all nurses in Shahreza Amir Almomenin Hospital. Using Cochran formula, 114 nurses were selected by simple random sampling method. To gather data, two questionnaires were used including general health questionnaire (GHQ) a nd adult attachment inventory (AAI). Data was analyzed by inferential statistics (ANOVA, t-test and Regression analysis) using SPSS-PC (v. 19).

  Results: The finding showed that the mean score of secure attachment style (3.2 ± 0.70) was higher than hypothesized average (3) and avoidant (2.54 ± 0.76) and insecure ambivalent attachment (2.62 ± 0.77) were lower than hypothesized average (3). Also mean scores of physical symptoms (9.43 ± 4.46), anxiety (9.00 ± 5.69) and social symptoms (13.14 ± 3.56) were higher than cut-off point (6) but depressive symptoms (4.58 ± 3.33) were lower than cut-off point (6). The findings also revealed that the mean score of nurses’ mental health (36.3 ± 11.30) was higher than cut-off point (23).

Conclusion: The results of the study showed that attachment style s play a key role in nurses’ mental health. The findings also revealed that only ambivalent attachment style had the ability to predict mental health.
The Effect of Iranian-Islamic Mindful Motherhood Training on Maternal-fetal Attachmen
F Haghighat, Ar Moradi, Ma Mazaheri, S Hantoushzade, Aa Allahyari, A Pasandide,
Volume 27, Issue 92 (2-2015)
Abstract

  Abstract

  Background & Aim: Given the importance of maternal-fetal attachment in pregnancy period and its long-term influence on the health of mother and infant, the aim of this study was comparing the effectiveness of two methods of conventional mindful motherhood training and Islamic-Iranian based mindful motherhood training on maternal-fetal attachment.

  Material & Methods: The sample consisted of 36 Primgravida pregnant mothers in their 3rd trimester referring to the health centers and gynecologists in the city of Isfahan. They participated voluntarily and then were randomly assigned to two experimental and one control groups. All the participants responded to the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS) before and after the intervention. Data was analyzed by ANCOVA using SPSS-PC (v. 16).

  Results: The findings showed that mother-fetus attachment was significantly different among the three groups (F=5/8, P=0/008) and the mean score of Islamic-Iranian based mindful motherhood group was higher than two other groups ( 14x' type="#_x0000_t75"> 1 = 104.9, {C}14x' type="#_x0000_t75"> 2 = 97.09, 14x' type="#_x0000_t75"> 3 = 95.00).

Conclusion: Regarding the effectiveness of mindful motherhood training on maternal-fetal attachment, it is suggested that health care professionals consider these interventions along other conventional care methods.
Postnatal Attachment and General Health in Easy, Preterm, and Difficult Delivery: A Comparative Study
M Beirami, M Mahmood Alilo, A Zarei, Sh Zeinali,
Volume 30, Issue 105 (4-2017)
Abstract

Abstract

Background & Aim: Delivery or childbirth is one of mothers' important life experiences, sometimes associated with problems. The present study aimed to compare postnatal attachment and general health in mothers who have had easy, preterm, and difficult labors.

Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted through descriptive-analytical method and was of causative-comparative type. The study population consisted of all mothers who had referred to state medical centers in Tabriz. Accordingly, 180 mothers were selected, using convenience sampling, and were asked to complete Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale (MPAS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Cronbach's alpha reliability and test-retest validity were 0.69 and 0.86, respectively. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results: Findings showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups of easy, preterm, and difficult labors in postnatal attachment (F=32.3, P<0.001). Moreover, the results confirmed that there was a significant difference in general health between the three groups of easy, difficult, and preterm deliveries (F=59.7, P<0.001).

Conclusion: Given the results of the present study, as well as previous studies, it can be concluded that having preterm and difficult deliveries have negative effect on mother-child relationship and mother’s mental and physical health.


Relationship between Domestic Violence and Mother-Infant Attachment in Mothers Referring to Comprehensive Health Centers affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences
M Gharacheh, Z Mazari, Sb Hasanpoor Azghady, Sh Haghani, Sh Azadi,
Volume 33, Issue 127 (12-2020)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Infancy is the most important time for the formation of emotions and emotional development, and mother-infant attachment is of special importance during this period. Domestic violence seems to be one of the factors relating to the mother- infant attachment. In fact, domestic violence is an attack on the mother-child relationship and the child care system. Violent fathers directly and indirectly weaken the emotional bond between mother and child. Those women who are the victims of domestic violence often live in fear and anxiety to protect their children's mental health and safety, and this fear may be inadvertently transmitted to children, forming undesirable attachment patterns; as some children perceive their mothers as a source of fear and anxiety, and eventually the child will suffer from unresolved trauma by perceiving a threat to its mother. Consequently, unresolved fear and trauma results in disorganized attachment. However, most studies have examined attachment at different stages of life from pregnancy to infancy, childhood, and adulthood, and the emotional relationship in infancy is neglected. Therefore, considering the role of mother-infant behavior and attachment and the effects of father's violence on the health of mother and child, the present study was conducted to determine the relationship between domestic violence and mother-infant attachment.
Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 320 mothers referring to the comprehensive health centers affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran in 2019. Multistage sampling method was employed to select the subjects. First, the comprehensive health centers were divided into two groups (west and northwest). The comprehensive health centers located in the west covered four districts (9-18-21-22) and Northwest centers covered three districts (2-5-6). Then, two centers were selected from each district by simple random sampling method and 320 mothers, referring to the health centers, meeting inclusion criteria were selected continuously. Sampling lasted approximately 3.5 months (from November 29, 2019 to February 15, 2019). The inclusion criteria were the Iranian nationality, mothers aged 18 to 45 years, monogamy status, minimum literacy, having a seemingly healthy infant aged one month to one year, infant birth weight more than 2500 grams and wanted pregnancy, no history of severe stress during the last year (death of a first-degree relative, serious illness of mother or father, decision to separate, severe family conflicts), no drug addicted parents, no history of severe psychological disorders in the last year (history of referring to the doctor, medication, or hospitalization), no mother- child separation for more than 24 hours in the early hours following delivery, and no history of parental infertility. Demographic and Fertility Questionnaires, the Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI), and revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) were used to collect data. The MAI was used to measure mother- infant attachment. The questionnaire has 26 items and each item has four options rated on the 4- point Likert scale, including almost always (4), usually (3), sometimes (2), and never (1). The scores of the questionnaire range from 26-104. The revised Conflict Tactics Scales used to measure domestic violence had 36 items including the areas of negotiation (6 items), physical violence (12 items), psychological violence (8 items), sexual violence (4 items), and injury (6 items). Each item has eight options rated on a 7- point scale. The scores of the different scales are not added up in this questionnaire, and finally the samples receive zero for the absence of violence and one for the existence of violence, thus the overall prevalence of domestic violence and the relative prevalence of each type of domestic violence or subscales are shown in frequency and percentage. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and Chi-square, independent t-test, and analysis of variance were calcualted in the SPSS software version 16 to examine the relationship between the variables. Significance level was considered at P <0.05.
Results: The results showed that the mean of mother- infant attachment was 97.78 ± 7.56. Overall domestic violence in the mothers participated in the study was 42.2%. Among the studied mothers, 53.8% experienced violence in domains of negotiation, 24.7% physical violence, 75.6% psychological violence, 12.5% ​sexual violence, and 31.6% injury. Thus, the areas of psychological violence and negotiation had the highest frequency and the areas of sexual violence and physical violence had the lowest frequency among the dimensions of domestic violence. Based on the overall results of the two groups; abused and non-abused women (P = 0.010), there was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of mother- infant attachment in all areas of negotiation (P = 0.014), physical violence (P = 0.043), psychological violence (P = 0.014), and injury (P = 0.010), except sexual violence (P =0/356). None of the demographic variables of mothers was significantly related to mother- infant attachment (P> 0.05) and also domestic violence (P> 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that overal domestic violence was significantly related to mother-infant attachment and mother-infant attachment was lower in mothers experiencing violence. Domestic violence was significantly related to mother-infant attachment in all areas except sexual violence. Therefore, the present study showed that domestic violence against mothers during infancy can undermine the mother-infant attachment. Since the formation of attachment during infancy is a good starting point for improving the role of fathers in building social and emotional relationships with their children and, consequently, the growth and health of emotional relationships and family members' attachment, it is necessary that officials and care systems pay more attention to mothers' mental health and family status by identifying, counseling, and adopting timely preventive and supportive strategies through active participation of fathers in physical and emotional wellbeing of their infants to improve mental health of family members and mother-infant attachment by reducing domestic violence. Midwives and healthcare providers can use special tools and perform psychological screening for early and timely referral during postpartum care to reduce all types of domestic violence and harms to families experiencing violence. Also, timely detection of parent-child attachment disorder and the factors affecting it and eliminating it through educational and counseling interventions and parental support in this area can help to prevent the loss of economic and human capital. Also, in terms of the quality of parental attachment, this research can provide the basis for interventional research or subsequent studies to identify other factors affecting attachment. This study suggests that more studies investigate the relationship between the violence of other people, other than the husband, and the mother- infant attachment. It is also recommended to study the relationship between mother's violence against the father and the mother-infant attachment. It is suggested to conduct a study that can examine the effect of parents' violence against each other on the mother- infant attachment. More studies are also needed to be performed on a larger sample size in order to generalize the results. Moreover, this study suggests that an extensive research project be conducted to investigate the relationship between other factors related to mother-infant attachment such as marital satisfaction, social support, and parental personality traits.

Correlation Between Mother-infant Attachment and Fear of COVID-19 in Mothers of Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Tehran, Iran During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Maryam Baradari, Mahnaz Shoghi,
Volume 36, Issue 141 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background & Aims Infant hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) causes loss or delay in mother-infant attachment. On the other hand, quarantine and social distancing during the COVID-19 epidemic had psychological consequences, such as increased fear of infection. This study aims to determine the relationship between mother-infant attachment and fear of COVID-19 in mothers with neonates admitted to the NICUs of selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran, during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials & Methods In this descriptive-correlational study, participants were 195 mothers with neonates admitted to the NICUs of selected teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2021. Data collection tools were a demographic form, the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCoV-19S), and Avant’s mother-infant attachment behaviors questionnaire, which were completed by the researcher. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using independent t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and ANOVA.
Results The mean score of FCoV-19S was 19.04±5.40, and the mean score of mother-infant attachment was 70.12±50.65. No significant relationship was observed between the fear of COVID-19 and mother-infant attachment (P>0.05). Fear of COVID-19 had a significant relationship with the interest in the baby’s gender (P=0.001) and the mother’s education level (P=0.041). Mother-infant attachment had a significant relationship with interest in the baby’s gender (P=0.01) and infant hospitalization due to jaundice (P=0.049). 
Conclusion Mother-infant attachment of the mothers in this study is low, and their fear of COVID-19 is almost high. There is no significant correlation between the fear of COVID-19 and mother-infant attachment. It is necessary to pay attention to effective factors in promoting emotional attachment between mothers and neonates hospitalized in the NICUs. It is also recommended that the medical staff and nurses pay attention to this group of mothers during pandemics such as COVID-19 and use some techniques to reduce their fear of infection.

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