Iran Journal of Nursing

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According to the reports of world health organization (WHO), 80 percent of human diseases are due to contaminated water either for drinking or sanitation. International water sanitation program says that 50 percent of people across the world have no access to healthy water and 75 percent of the third world population do not have water for sanitation. The present semi experimental study aims at determining factors relevant to the chlorination in the families under the coverage of health houses of Sistan and Baluchestan province. Research sample was composed of 2100 households which were under the coverage of health houses of the province. They were investigated in two groups (case and control) on the basis of stratified and random sampling. The findings indicated that 37.5. Percent of households who used 1% chlorine for chlorination, had a comprehensive knowledge about it and of which 23.5 percent belonged to the control group. The results of logestic regression indicated that those who had good or moderate knowledge, used 1% chlorine for chlorination more than the group with poor knowledge. Finding also showed that 98.8 percent in case group and 93.7 percent in the other one had a positive approach to chlorination. Furthermore, a significant correlation was established between approaches and performances of both groups (P<0.05). Meaningful relationships existed between the level of knowledge and approaches, household and ethnicity, the performances and the size of the households (P< 0.05). Reasons for not doing chlorination were awful taste and smell (37.65%), no access to chlorine (26.64%) and time limitation to do so (18.23%), meanwhile, those who were doing chlorination mentioned that prevention of diseases (68.88%), considering sanitary principles (16.06%) and a combination of these two (12.06%) are our reasons for doing this task. To conclude, regarding the results of this study training programs should be considered to enhance awareness about the importance of chlorination and the usage method, in order to prevent undesirable physical damages due to contaminated water.

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 Background & Aim: Pain relief is an integral part of nursing care and an appreciated outcome of nursing actions . Pain is one of the most common problems in postoperative period. This article is part of a larger study which aimed to explore patients’ perspective of pain and pain management. Annually, more than hundreds of million people undergo surgical operations experiencing postoperative pain. Although a number of researches and discussion papers have explored the issue, the current study has explored patients' perspective about postoperative pain management, a subject that have rarely been studied.

 Material & Method: A qualitative approach was adopted. Data was collected via semi- structured interviews and participations’ observations. A purposive sample of ten surgical patients and four companions (relatives) were selected from two educational health centers. Data analysis uncovered a number of themes. The themes related to patients’ perspective about pain management is subject of this paper.

 Results: The other five themes of pain management were: watching over by personnel and availability, humanistic approach, presenting information and patient education, communication and patient’s participation, considering patient integrity, and ambivalence between expression of pain and reluctance.

 Conclusion: The findings of this study help personnel to know the patients and their needs better and to find what pain management means to them. Consequently, nurses can plan, imply and evaluate nursing interventions most appropriately