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Showing 25 results for Sadeghi
Dabbaghi, F , Sadeghi, H , Jahaanfar, Sh , Haghani, H ,
Volume 14, Issue 28 (Autumn 2001)
Volume 14, Issue 28 (Autumn 2001)
Abstract
Background : Pregnant women with high level of anxiety are likely to give birth to babies who are irritable, restless, have sleep disorders and low birth weight.
Objective : To determine the relation of psychosocial status of women during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes.
Design : This was a comparative study. Data were collected using a questionnaire.
Samples : 360 subject nuliparas to multiparas 4, were selected through consequative sampling, 180 in each group (appropriate and inappropriate psycholocial status).
Results : There was a relation between psychosocial status of mothers and LBW (p=0.005), IUGR (p=0.028) and preterm labor (p=0.000).
Conclusion : Emotional support by family and health care providers should be targeted at women with poor psychosocial status during pregnancy in order to decrease their emotional distress and to enhance their self- esteen and self- confidence.
Sadeghi Sanabadi, Koocheki, Sa, Solieman Borogerdi, Mohammad Alyha, Khachian, A, Hoseini, F,
Volume 16, Issue 35 (Autumn 2003)
Volume 16, Issue 35 (Autumn 2003)
Abstract
Teaching the patients is considered to be an important duty of nurses, and is one of the standards of quality nursing supervisions, According to this, all patients have the right to be thought in order to keep their health. Suffering from a chronic illness, Patients with ostomies need to gain the knowledge and skill of being self care. So, determing the effect of teaching on self care manner of patient with an ostomy, a clinical trial study was conducted. Contributers were 32 patients selected by continuous and random method. All patients were interviewed before teaching and then teaching booklets were distributed. Findings revealed that There was not a meaningful difference between patient’s refferal to physician due to any unpredicted signs or compliance of diet regime in prevention of constipation, but comparatively, after teaching a significant relationship was found between prevention of bad odor, diarrhea, stenosis of the ostoma and the correct way of irrigation and changing of the bag (p<0.05). Moreover, we found that 67.7% of the patients complained about the bad odor of the stoma, 41.9% of them claimed that they could not do exercises, 54.8% said that their ostomies interfere with their social life, 53.1% did not know that there is an institution to help them, and finally 56.3% reckoned that they had not had knowledge about their stoma and the way to take care of it. Since, the results highlighted the effectiveness of teaching in improving self care ability, serious and organized teaching programs is suggested to be performed by nurses.
T. Sadeghi, Ma. Hosseini, M. Rahgozar, Z. Kashaninia,
Volume 21, Issue 53 (Spring 2008)
Volume 21, Issue 53 (Spring 2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The research has shown that there is relationship between obesity in childhood and adulthood, and also, there is a direct relationship between obesity of parent, eating style and habit in family, and children obesity. This study was conducted to examine the effects of eating style of child and parent on obesity of school age girls.
Material and Method: This research was quasi-experimental study. The sample size included 97 healthy school age girls with BMI percentile above 85% in Shahriar city. They were randomly allocated to either experimental or control group (50 children in the control group and 47 children in experimental group). The samples in experimental group and their mothers received behavioral modification teaching in 7 sessions and 16 week fallow up was accomplished. Before intervention and also after intervention (every month for 3 months), BMI percentile was recorded for samples of both groups. The samples also completed eating style questionnaire before and after intervention and their mothers did so.
Result: There was a statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of BMI percentile (P=0.015). There was no statistical significant difference between two groups in terms of eating style of child and mother (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Eating style of parent and child has an effect on child obesity and modification of eating style in parent and child is effective in treatment of obesity in children.
Reza Imani, Shahriar Salehi, Roya Habibian, Bahman Sadeghi, Khadijeh Hatamipour,
Volume 21, Issue 56 (February 2009)
Volume 21, Issue 56 (February 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Mercury is a dangerous substance for human health and mercury thermometers are major pollutant for environment. Using less dangerous and less expensive devices like digital thermometer can be an alternative for mercury thermometers. The aim of this study was to compare the body temperature measurement by mercury and digital thermometer.
Material and Method : In this descriptive- analytical study, 542 patients (331 Female and 211 Males) were selected through convenience sampling. Data was gathered by demographic information form. Body temperature was measured simultaneously by digital and mercury thermometer while each thermometer was placed axillary, and after 5 minutes they were read by a nurse.
Results: The mean temperature measured by mercury and digital thermometer was 36.48 ± 0.84 and 36.51 ± 0.87, respectively. There was no statistical significant difference between measurement by mercury and digital thermometer. For detecting fever, digital thermometer had 85.4% and 95.7% sensitivity and specificity respectively. Positive and negative predictive value for digital thermomentr were 81.1% and 96.8%, respectively.
Conclusion: Regarding low sensitivity of digital thermometer, it can be concluded that mercury thermometer is still suitable device to detect fever.
Navabeh Hosseinkhani, Tahereh Sadeghi,
Volume 22, Issue 60 (October 2009)
Volume 22, Issue 60 (October 2009)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pregnancy-induced nausea significantly reduces women's quality of life making considerable distress. Ginger is already being used in traditional folk medicine to treat nausea and vomiting in populations. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ginger on pregnancy-induced nausea during the first trimester of the pregnancy.
Material and method: This was a double blind randomized placebo trial with control group in which 121 pregnant women referred to antenatal clinic at or before 17 weeks gestation and suffered from nausea was randomly allocated to either experimental, placebo, or control group. The severity of nausea was recorded by visual analog scale 24 hours before intervention and during 4 consecutive days after intervention. Data were analyzed by nonparametric and parametric tests.
Results : The findings showed that the nausea severity was statistically different in ginger group before and after treatment (at first, second third and fourth days) (P≤0.001). The same was true for placebo group (P<0.05), but, not for control group.
The findings also showed that ginger was more effective on decreasing the severity of nausea (P<0/05) than the placebo and control groups.
Conclusion : Oral ginger is effective on decreasing the severity of nausea during the first trimester of pregnancy and the drug have a positive mental effect on pregnant mothers, leading to decrease the severity of nausea.
T Sadeghi , N Dehghan-Nayeri, R. Karimi,
Volume 23, Issue 68 (February 2011)
Volume 23, Issue 68 (February 2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Participating in decision making is an important patient's right observance of which by nurses is an essential need of hospitalized adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess and compare nurses and hospitalized adolescents` perceptions about the importance and observance of hospitalized adolescents` decision making.
Materials and Method: It was a cross sectional study, 175 nurses and 180 hospitalized ill adolescents who had inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling, The data were collected using two parallel self-completed questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results: No statistically significant difference was found between nurses` and hospitalized ill adolescents` perceptions of importance and observance of hospitalized adolescents` decision making. In addition, the results showed that, from nurses' point of view, participation in care was the most important item, while adolescents believed that the presence of support person had the most importance. Both nurses and adolescents believed that the presence of support person was mostly observed.
Conclusion: According to the findings, from perception of two groups, hospitalized adolescents` decision making is important and moderately respected. Nurses can improve quality of care by recognotion and remove shackles of observance.
Rahmani A. Phd Student, Merghati Khoei E. Phd, Sadeghi N. Msc, Allahgholi L. Phd Student,
Volume 24, Issue 70 (June 2011)
Volume 24, Issue 70 (June 2011)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Marital satisfaction depends on many factors and one of the most important factors is safe and pleasing sexual relationship. However, there is not sufficient information about these issues in Iran. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between sexual and marital satisfaction.
Material & Methods: It was a descriptive – correlational study. The sample includes 292 married males and females who had come to selected hospitals in west of Tehran to visit their reletives. The participants were recruited by convenient sampling. Data was collected by sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS-PC (ver. 14).
Results: Marital satisfaction was significantly related to sexual satisfaction (p=0/00). Moreover, there was a significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and age difference (p=0/04), duration of marriage (p=0/05), and drug abuse of the participants (p=0/007). Among all variables which have been tested in this study, only age difference was shown to have a significant relationship with marital satisfaction (0/00).
Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between sexual satisfaction and satisfaction with marital life, approaches to teaching young males and females and giving sexual consultation would help them enjoy a successful and satisfactionary marital life.
Yekke Fallah L, Azimi H, Sadeghi T,
Volume 25, Issue 80 (February 2013)
Volume 25, Issue 80 (February 2013)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Premenstrual Syndrome may have disabling effects on the person’s performance in the family and community . To relief from the symptoms of this syndrome, different methods such as safe exercise have been recommended. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a three –month regular aerobic and walking exercise on physical and psychological symptoms and pain of premenstrual syndrome .
Material and Methods: this Quasi-Experimental study was conducted on 7 0 volunteer 18-32 years old female students with at least 40% PMS symptoms. The Participants were randomly assigned into 3 groups of aerobic, walking and control. Aerobic group exercise 7 types of practice for 30 minutes daily for 3 months. The walking group practiced fast walking 30 minutes daily for 3 months. All of Participants completed the standard questionnaire of “Jack. Tips” for 3 times (before, 1 and 3 months after intervention).Data were analyzed using SPSS win (v.16) using one-way ANOVA. Significance level was considered as less than 0.05.
Results: Pain reduction was significant at the end of first and third month of intervention (p=0.008, p=0.047). A significant difference was observed for physical symptoms after one menstruation cycle (p=0.001) although it was not significant after three menstruation cycles. No significant differences were observed in psychological symptoms after 1 and 3 cycles. Repeated measurement showed significant difference in physical symptoms of the 3 (P = 0.034).
Conclusion: Three months of walking and aerobic exercise are very effective in reducing pain and Physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Although aerobic exercise is more effective in reducing pain , but it does not create a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Performing these two exercises are recommended to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.
Received: 5 Mar 2013
Accepted: 1 Jun 2013
L Yekkeh Fallah, H Azimi, T Sadeghi,
Volume 27, Issue 87 (April 2014)
Volume 27, Issue 87 (April 2014)
Abstract
Abstract :
Background & Aim: Diabetes can’t be cured, but it can be controlled by other ways such as safe exercise (Yoga- walking …) and balanced diet. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a one –month regular yoga and walking exercise on blood glucose level and amount of anti-diabetics tablets used by people with type II diabetes.
Material & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60, 30-55 year old female and male volunteers with diabetes. The Participants were randomly assigned into 3 groups of yoga, walking and control. Yoga and walking group exercised for 45 minutes daily during a one month period. All of Participants completed the questionnaire for 2 times, before and after intervention. Patients were tested twice (before and after intervention) for fasting blood glucose by glucometer (ZD) (GM300). Data related to fasting blood glucose and the number of anti-diabetic tablets and sex were analyzed by Chi–square test and one-way ANOVA using SPSS win (v.16).
Results: Reduction of fasting blood glucose was significant at the end of intervention in yoga group (p=0 /016). However, it was not significant in walking group (p=0/054). There was no significant difference between the number of anti-diabetic used tablets before and after intervention (p > 0/05). There was significant differences in fasting blood glucose levels of the 3 groups after intervention according to repeated measurement (p<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the findings, one month of yoga and walking exercise is effective in reducing fasting blood glucose in people with type II diabetes. Although yoga was more effective in reducing fasting blood glucose, but it did not make a significant reduction in anti-diabetics used tablets . A same study with more duration of intervention and larger sample size is recommended.
S Sharifi, A Izadi-Tame , Kh Hatamipour, N Sadeghigooghary, L Safabakhsh,
Volume 27, Issue 88 (June 2014)
Volume 27, Issue 88 (June 2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aim: Nurses are one the important groups in patients’ recovery and safety and have an important role in the reduction of their mortality. The aim of the study was to identify nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture in Mazandaran‘s hospitals.
Material & Methods: It was a descriptive correlational study which has been done in a two month period in the hospitals of Tonekabon, Chaloos, and Ramsar. The sample was recruited by census (n= 456). Data was collected by Persian version of HSOPS, developed by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) that measures 12 dimensions of patient safety culture, and analysed by descriptive statistics and t- test, one way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS-PC (v. 16).
Results: Amongst the 12 dimensions of AHRQ, the nurses assigned the highest score to "team work within units" (4/02 ± 0/98) and "Organizational learning-continuous development" (4/06± 0/75). They assigned the least score to “Staff” (2/39±1/11) and “non-punitive response to error” (2/53±0/98). Nurses (%53/7) reported 1-2 errors during the last year. There were significant negative correlations between the dimension of "team work within units”, age, and years of experience (P< 0/05).
Conclusion: It seems the patient safety culture requires some modifications to be able to create a safer clinical environment. It is suggested that punitive culture be replaced with non -punitive culture so that health care staff share their clinical errors.
H Ebrahimi, M Sadeghi, M Bazghaleh, S Shaker, M Ghasemi,
Volume 27, Issue 90 (October ِDecember 2014 2014)
Volume 27, Issue 90 (October ِDecember 2014 2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aim: Diabetes because of its numerous complications has an extensive effect on patients’ quality of life. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between metabolic control indexes and quality of life of patients with type II diabetes in Shahroud-Iran.
Material & Methods: It was a descriptive-correlational study. A total of 156 patients with type II diabetes were recruited by convenience sampling in 2013. Data was collected by diabetes-specific quality of life questionnaire. Indexes of metabolic control (hemoglobin A1C, fasting and non-fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL and HDL) were also controlled. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and chi-square tests using SPSS-PC (v.16).
Results: In this study the mean score of quality of life was 164.53±63.21 and the mean score of HgA1C was 8.65±1.55. A significant relationship was found between quality of life and all indicators except LDL (p<0.05). There was no significant relationship between the mental aspect of quality of life and triglycerides (p=0.06), cholesterol (p=0.06) and LDL cholesterol (p=0.13) indexes and also social aspect of quality of life and cholesterol (p=0.07) and LDL (p=0.09) indexes.
Conclusion: According to the findings, better control of metabolic indexes is associated with higher quality of life. Accordingly, approaches to control metabolic indexes would lead to improvements in different dimensions of quality of life in patients with diabetes.
J Mirlashari, T Sadeghi, S Sagheb, T Khanmohammadzadeh,
Volume 28, Issue 93 (April- June 2015)
Volume 28, Issue 93 (April- June 2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aim: Despite widespread implementation of family-centered care (FCC) in children’s hospitals, there is insufficient information about the degree of and barriers to its implementation. This study aims to determine the perspectives of nurses and physicians about barriers to FCC in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Material & Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample was all of the nurses and physicians working in the NICUs of the educational hospitals. Data was collected by a researcher-made valid questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS-PC (v.16).
Results: “Units which are not equipped enough for family centered care implementation” (76.6%), “family problems (74%) and “Parents unwilling to stay in the units for a long time” (73.3%) were respectively the three most important barriers from nurses’ perspective. From physicians’ perspective, “Units which are not equipped enough for family-centered care implementation” (69%), “Parents unwilling to stay in the wards for a long time” (65%), and “absence of clear rules and guidelines for the level of involvement of parents in neonatal care” (64%) were respectively the three most important barriers to the implementation of family centered care.
Conclusion: Although nurses and physicians agreed upon two barriers but they were not so agree about other factors. To facilitate family centered care, it seems that consideration of the two groups’ perspective to provide an appropriate environment and needed changes in intensive care units is necessary.
F Rahimnia, S Sadeghian, P Yazdani,
Volume 30, Issue 109 (December 2017)
Volume 30, Issue 109 (December 2017)
Abstract
Abstract
Background & Aim: communication with the board of nursing as well as patient and their families are one of the most important daily activities of nurses. On one hand, Nurses are in close contact with people and are responsible for their health and life, and on the other hand, burnout influences the quality of patient care. Therefore, the identification of factors affecting the burnout of nurses and the variables involved in this effect will be helpful in improving the quality of health services.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of self-esteem between social undermining and burnout of nurses working in charity hospitals in Mashhad city.
Materials &Methods: The current study is an analytical survey. The statistical population was the nurses of charity hospitals in Mashhad city in 2015. The Duffy et al questionnaire was used to measure social undermining, the Maslach & Jackson questionnaire was used to measure burnout, and the Tinakon & Nahathaiquestionnaire was used to measure self-esteem. The Cronbach alpha of questionnaire was .0.91 for social undermining, 0.95 for burnout and 0.98 for self-esteem . Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and hierarchical multiple regression.
Results: Social undermining (β=.40) and its components i.e. colleague’s social undermining (β=.56) and manager’s social undermining (β=.04) had a significant impact on burnout. In addition, self-esteem moderated the effect of social undermining on burnout (p<.05).
Conclusion: Nursing managers can reduce nurses’ burnout by identifying and eliminating the factors causing social undermining at the workplace. Furthermore, utilizing the techniques to increase the nurses’ self-esteem may reduce their burnout.
Background & Aim: communication with the board of nursing as well as patient and their families are one of the most important daily activities of nurses. On one hand, Nurses are in close contact with people and are responsible for their health and life, and on the other hand, burnout influences the quality of patient care. Therefore, the identification of factors affecting the burnout of nurses and the variables involved in this effect will be helpful in improving the quality of health services.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of self-esteem between social undermining and burnout of nurses working in charity hospitals in Mashhad city.
Materials &Methods: The current study is an analytical survey. The statistical population was the nurses of charity hospitals in Mashhad city in 2015. The Duffy et al questionnaire was used to measure social undermining, the Maslach & Jackson questionnaire was used to measure burnout, and the Tinakon & Nahathaiquestionnaire was used to measure self-esteem. The Cronbach alpha of questionnaire was .0.91 for social undermining, 0.95 for burnout and 0.98 for self-esteem . Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling and hierarchical multiple regression.
Results: Social undermining (β=.40) and its components i.e. colleague’s social undermining (β=.56) and manager’s social undermining (β=.04) had a significant impact on burnout. In addition, self-esteem moderated the effect of social undermining on burnout (p<.05).
Conclusion: Nursing managers can reduce nurses’ burnout by identifying and eliminating the factors causing social undermining at the workplace. Furthermore, utilizing the techniques to increase the nurses’ self-esteem may reduce their burnout.
L Amini, B Ghorbani, H Sadeghi Avvalshahr , Z Raoofi, M Mortezapour Alisaraie ,
Volume 31, Issue 111 (April 2018)
Volume 31, Issue 111 (April 2018)
Abstract
Background & Aim: Infertility is a painful emotional experience that is associated with stress. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between percieved social support and infertility stress in the wives of infertile men.
Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study performed on 83 wives of infertile men in 2016-2017, using the Newton Fertility Problem Inventory, infertiliy stress and its subscales, including social concern, sexual concern, relationshiop concern; rejection of childfree lifestyle; and, need for parenthood were determined. The information about percived social support was also collected using FSSQ. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The results of this study showed that infertility stress was at a high level in most wives of infertile men, and percieved social support also had significant negative relationship with all subscales, including social concern (P < 0.01), sexual concern (P < 0.001), relationship concern (P < 0.001), rejection of childfree lifestyle (P < 0.01) need for parenthood (P < 0.05) and global stress (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: It seems that women are pron to stress in case of infertility, regardless of male or female factor. However, the level of this stress decreases with increasing perceived social support in the wives of infertile men. Thus, it may be possible to decrease the stress and concerns of these women by providing them more social support.
Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study performed on 83 wives of infertile men in 2016-2017, using the Newton Fertility Problem Inventory, infertiliy stress and its subscales, including social concern, sexual concern, relationshiop concern; rejection of childfree lifestyle; and, need for parenthood were determined. The information about percived social support was also collected using FSSQ. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The results of this study showed that infertility stress was at a high level in most wives of infertile men, and percieved social support also had significant negative relationship with all subscales, including social concern (P < 0.01), sexual concern (P < 0.001), relationship concern (P < 0.001), rejection of childfree lifestyle (P < 0.01) need for parenthood (P < 0.05) and global stress (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: It seems that women are pron to stress in case of infertility, regardless of male or female factor. However, the level of this stress decreases with increasing perceived social support in the wives of infertile men. Thus, it may be possible to decrease the stress and concerns of these women by providing them more social support.
R Jafarizadeh, N Sadeghi, M Azarbarzin,
Volume 31, Issue 116 (February 2019)
Volume 31, Issue 116 (February 2019)
Abstract
which plays a key role in the outcomes of individual functions. Given the importance of improving the dimensions of psychological capital in nurses and its key role in the quality of nursing care, the present study aimed to assess the dimensions of psychological capital in nurses.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 95 qualified nurses who were selected via convenience sampling in 2018. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and McGee psychological capital scale. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using Pearson's correlation-coefficient and independent t-test at the significance level of 5%.
Results: The mean total score of psychological capital in the subjects was 116.89±17.86, which indicated the high level of psychological capital. Moreover, the findings showed that the level of psychological capital was moderate in 44 nurses (46.8%), while it was high in 50 nurses (53.2%). However, no significant correlations were observed between psychological capital, age, and job experience. In addition, the mean score of psychological capital had no significant difference between the male and female subjects (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this research could help senior officials to identify and better recognize each component of psychological capital, so that they could use these elements as a strategy to improve the quality of patient care in psychiatric health sectors.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 95 qualified nurses who were selected via convenience sampling in 2018. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and McGee psychological capital scale. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using Pearson's correlation-coefficient and independent t-test at the significance level of 5%.
Results: The mean total score of psychological capital in the subjects was 116.89±17.86, which indicated the high level of psychological capital. Moreover, the findings showed that the level of psychological capital was moderate in 44 nurses (46.8%), while it was high in 50 nurses (53.2%). However, no significant correlations were observed between psychological capital, age, and job experience. In addition, the mean score of psychological capital had no significant difference between the male and female subjects (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this research could help senior officials to identify and better recognize each component of psychological capital, so that they could use these elements as a strategy to improve the quality of patient care in psychiatric health sectors.
L Ghamary, N Sadeghi, M Azarbarzin,
Volume 33, Issue 125 (August 2020)
Volume 33, Issue 125 (August 2020)
Abstract
Background & Aims: With the advancement of science and technology in the current era, cancer in adolescents is not as deadly as before and has only become a chronic disease with a higher survival rate. Despite the advances in cancer treatment and care, the disease is still associated with severe psychological consequences. The impact of cancer on various dimensions of adolescents' life (especially psychological dimensions) necessitates interventions to foster adaptation in the psychosocial dimension. Adolescents with cancer use a variety of social support resources to deal with the diagnosis and treatment of their disease. Family plays a pivotal role in providing the emotional and social support to these patients, and the perception of family support is considered to be the most important facilitator of health behavior, as well as the most potent strategy to successfully deal with stressors. It seems that the provision of emotional support by the family to adolescents with cancer helps these patients rely on the family and feel confident in coping with their difficult and critical condition, refrain from isolation, and feel encouraged. The present study aimed to evaluate the correlations between perceived family support and psychosocial adjustment with the disease in adolescents with cancer.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted based on the error level of α=0.05 with 80% test power and sample size of 85. Considering 10% attrition, 95 adolescents aged 11-20 years diagnosed with cancer, who referred to two hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2019, were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing three sections of demographic characteristics, perceived family support questionnaire, and psychosocial adjustment questionnaire during July-November 2019. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive and analytical statistics at the significance level of P<0.05.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 14.3 ± 2.7 years. The sample population included 36 females (37.9%) and 59 males (62.1%). The mean duration of cancer in the patients was 1.9 ± 1.8 years, and the majority of the patients were the youngest child in the family (41.1%). Among the patients, 41 cases (43.2%) were residents of small towns. In 33 cases (34.7%), the patients had a family history of a similar disease. The majority of the patients had acute lymphocytic leukemia (57.89%), and among the other diagnosed cancers were neurological (14.7%), lymphatic system (11.6%), kidney (6.3%), bone and joint (3.2%), and soft tissue cancer (3.2%). The mean score of perceived family support was significantly higher in the female patients compared to the males. However, the total score of psychosocial adjustment was not significantly different between the males and females, and the mean score of perceived family support and total score of psychosocial adjustment also had no significant differences between the patients with leukemia and other cancers. Furthermore, the total score of perceived family support (mean: 26.16 ± 5.51) was considered moderate, while psychosocial adjustment with the disease (total mean score: 2.01 ± 0.41) was considered high. The highest adjustment was observed in the dimensions of attitude toward the disease, and the lowest adjustment belonged to the dimension of psychological disorders. Perceived family support was directly correlated with the female gender, while psychosocial adjustment was inversely correlated with age and directly correlated with maternal education level. However, no significant associations were denoted between the other variables.
Conclusion: The results of the study indicated a direct correlation between the perceived family support and psychosocial adjustment with the disease in the adolescences diagnosed with cancer. Evidently, the sense of security and confidence in the home environment and encouragement of the family members and companions who will not leave them alone in any particular and critical situations helps adolescents with cancer become empowered and gain extra motivation to accept and cope with the disease and the new life situation with positive feelings. Based on our findings and the results of similar studies, it could be stated that family support plays a key role in the confrontation and psychosocial adjustment with cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare managers and officials emphasize and strengthen the role of family support in the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents against cancer through proper planning by adopting strategies to maintain and promote the psychosocial health of these patients. Moreover, informing parents and medical staff on the results of this research and provision of proper training to these individuals make it possible to provide family support through the optimal implementation of family-oriented care. It is also suggested that psychiatrists and psychologists pay more attention to the family support of adolescents with cancer, and the presence of a counselor or psychologist in the oncology department could be beneficial in this regard. The presence of trained nurses in these wards and their close communication with adolescents with cancer and their families could also largely contribute to the effective provision of family-oriented care and training on the care and support skills of the families.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted based on the error level of α=0.05 with 80% test power and sample size of 85. Considering 10% attrition, 95 adolescents aged 11-20 years diagnosed with cancer, who referred to two hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2019, were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing three sections of demographic characteristics, perceived family support questionnaire, and psychosocial adjustment questionnaire during July-November 2019. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive and analytical statistics at the significance level of P<0.05.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 14.3 ± 2.7 years. The sample population included 36 females (37.9%) and 59 males (62.1%). The mean duration of cancer in the patients was 1.9 ± 1.8 years, and the majority of the patients were the youngest child in the family (41.1%). Among the patients, 41 cases (43.2%) were residents of small towns. In 33 cases (34.7%), the patients had a family history of a similar disease. The majority of the patients had acute lymphocytic leukemia (57.89%), and among the other diagnosed cancers were neurological (14.7%), lymphatic system (11.6%), kidney (6.3%), bone and joint (3.2%), and soft tissue cancer (3.2%). The mean score of perceived family support was significantly higher in the female patients compared to the males. However, the total score of psychosocial adjustment was not significantly different between the males and females, and the mean score of perceived family support and total score of psychosocial adjustment also had no significant differences between the patients with leukemia and other cancers. Furthermore, the total score of perceived family support (mean: 26.16 ± 5.51) was considered moderate, while psychosocial adjustment with the disease (total mean score: 2.01 ± 0.41) was considered high. The highest adjustment was observed in the dimensions of attitude toward the disease, and the lowest adjustment belonged to the dimension of psychological disorders. Perceived family support was directly correlated with the female gender, while psychosocial adjustment was inversely correlated with age and directly correlated with maternal education level. However, no significant associations were denoted between the other variables.
Conclusion: The results of the study indicated a direct correlation between the perceived family support and psychosocial adjustment with the disease in the adolescences diagnosed with cancer. Evidently, the sense of security and confidence in the home environment and encouragement of the family members and companions who will not leave them alone in any particular and critical situations helps adolescents with cancer become empowered and gain extra motivation to accept and cope with the disease and the new life situation with positive feelings. Based on our findings and the results of similar studies, it could be stated that family support plays a key role in the confrontation and psychosocial adjustment with cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that healthcare managers and officials emphasize and strengthen the role of family support in the psychosocial adjustment of adolescents against cancer through proper planning by adopting strategies to maintain and promote the psychosocial health of these patients. Moreover, informing parents and medical staff on the results of this research and provision of proper training to these individuals make it possible to provide family support through the optimal implementation of family-oriented care. It is also suggested that psychiatrists and psychologists pay more attention to the family support of adolescents with cancer, and the presence of a counselor or psychologist in the oncology department could be beneficial in this regard. The presence of trained nurses in these wards and their close communication with adolescents with cancer and their families could also largely contribute to the effective provision of family-oriented care and training on the care and support skills of the families.
Sh Yazdani, H Sadeghi Avval Shahr, L Afshar,
Volume 33, Issue 126 (October 2020)
Volume 33, Issue 126 (October 2020)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Professionalism is the underlying factor in strengthening the social contract between professions and the society. Failure to adhere to this principle in healthcare providers (including nurses) reduces the quality of patient care and endangers community health, while also diminishing public trust and weakening the social image of healthcare professions. In recent decades, researchers of health science education have focused on the nature of professionalism and planning for training in this regard in order to achieve this important outcome in health science graduates. Despite the applications of the study results and the efforts to train students on the basic concepts of professional ethics, the expected outcomes have not yet been realized in terms of the performance of graduates. Today, numerous researchers believe that achieving professionalism is not possible merely through education and the evaluation of its principles, and the required competencies should also be cultivated to facilitate the process of professional socialization, so that a proper professional identity could be attained in medical science graduates. However, further studies should be focused on the top of Miller's pyramid (Does) pertains to the process of developing competencies and their components and has reached the stages of developing a competency-based curriculum, along with the formation of a professional identity, which is equivalent to the "Is" part added to the Miller's model by Cruess et al. (2016). In a study in this regard, the concept of professional socialization was analyzed, and professional identity was introduced as the main outcome of this process. The present study aimed to critically review the current literature regarding socialization and the development of professional identity in health science students.
Materials & Methods: This critical review was conducted based on the Carnwell and Daly structure, which consists of six steps, including determining the objectives of the critical literature review, defining the scope of the review, identifying the sources of relevant information, literature review, writing the review, and applying the literature to the proposed study. At the stage of review writing, we followed the three steps proposed by Schutz. Initially, a systematic search was performed to obtain the available conceptual models and frameworks of socialization and professional identity formation in primary scientific databases, such as EBSCO CINAHL, Web of Science, Eric, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using relevant keywords with "OR" and "AND" to combine the main concepts. The article search had no time limit until 2019. The eligibility criteria for article selection were proposing a model/conceptual framework, medical sciences, free access, and publication in English language. The exclusion criteria were duplicates and the experimental studies aimed at the measurement, comparison or production of tools. In the second phase of the search and to obtain citations and criticisms for each selected conceptual model/framework, the key concepts of each was systematically searched in the aforementioned databases using "AND" in combination with concepts such as "Criticism, Problems, Challenges, Advantages, Disadvantages". To ensure access to all the possibly relevant reviews, all the citations to each model were tracked through Google Scholar.
Results: In total, 2,112 articles were retrieved in the first stage of the search in terms of the title, followed by the abstract. After reviewing the full texts of the selected articles, nine articles were selected based on the research criteria in the fields of nursing, social work, medicine, paramedicine, and student affairs. These articles were categorized in terms of the study design, model type, model focus, and outcomes. Following that, the selected models were examined chronologically based on the three steps proposed by Schutz, which are the description of the model by its providers, providing the viewpoints of their critics/promoters (if any), and presenting the critical views of the authors of the article. After the analysis of the elements and content/structure of the conceptual models/frameworks, the key concepts of each model were extracted and presented in a table. The studied conceptual models and frameworks consisted of four categories (descriptive, normative-descriptive, causal-explanatory, and descriptive-prescriptive), which described the process of socialization and the role of the influential factors. Some of the findings were mainly focused on the cognitive and psychological dimensions, as well as the social dimension of the process in some cases. In the cases where both the psychological (internal) and social dimensions (external) of the process were considered, a structural approach was not observed regarding the elements and components of each dimension. In addition, the assessment of the content and description of the models revealed various theoretical approaches to this process, some of which were based on a functional structuralism approach and emphasized the role of organizational factors. The other cases involved the cognitive and interactive dimensions and the role of student agencies in this process, as well as the combination of the two approaches. In addition to the role of institutional factors, the active role of students and the impact of interactions were also discussed with regard to the development of professional identity without determining its dimensions and components. The key concepts extracted from the selected models in the present study could be classified into two psychological and social dimensions. The psychological dimension could be classified as cognitive (principles, values, and professional norms), affective (descriptive [sense of belonging to the profession], evaluative [self-confidence], and normative [attitude toward the profession]), and volitive (job motivation). Similarly, the social dimension could be categorized into the communicative domain (effective professional communication), cohesive domain (mutual respect and commitment), and operative domain (professional behavior and effective role performance).
Conclusion: Presenting the components of professional identity based on psychological and social dimensions could lay the groundwork for designing a comprehensive, static, structural model of professional identity for medical students, thereby resulting in the development of structured interventions for the management of professional identity formation in further investigations.
Materials & Methods: This critical review was conducted based on the Carnwell and Daly structure, which consists of six steps, including determining the objectives of the critical literature review, defining the scope of the review, identifying the sources of relevant information, literature review, writing the review, and applying the literature to the proposed study. At the stage of review writing, we followed the three steps proposed by Schutz. Initially, a systematic search was performed to obtain the available conceptual models and frameworks of socialization and professional identity formation in primary scientific databases, such as EBSCO CINAHL, Web of Science, Eric, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using relevant keywords with "OR" and "AND" to combine the main concepts. The article search had no time limit until 2019. The eligibility criteria for article selection were proposing a model/conceptual framework, medical sciences, free access, and publication in English language. The exclusion criteria were duplicates and the experimental studies aimed at the measurement, comparison or production of tools. In the second phase of the search and to obtain citations and criticisms for each selected conceptual model/framework, the key concepts of each was systematically searched in the aforementioned databases using "AND" in combination with concepts such as "Criticism, Problems, Challenges, Advantages, Disadvantages". To ensure access to all the possibly relevant reviews, all the citations to each model were tracked through Google Scholar.
Results: In total, 2,112 articles were retrieved in the first stage of the search in terms of the title, followed by the abstract. After reviewing the full texts of the selected articles, nine articles were selected based on the research criteria in the fields of nursing, social work, medicine, paramedicine, and student affairs. These articles were categorized in terms of the study design, model type, model focus, and outcomes. Following that, the selected models were examined chronologically based on the three steps proposed by Schutz, which are the description of the model by its providers, providing the viewpoints of their critics/promoters (if any), and presenting the critical views of the authors of the article. After the analysis of the elements and content/structure of the conceptual models/frameworks, the key concepts of each model were extracted and presented in a table. The studied conceptual models and frameworks consisted of four categories (descriptive, normative-descriptive, causal-explanatory, and descriptive-prescriptive), which described the process of socialization and the role of the influential factors. Some of the findings were mainly focused on the cognitive and psychological dimensions, as well as the social dimension of the process in some cases. In the cases where both the psychological (internal) and social dimensions (external) of the process were considered, a structural approach was not observed regarding the elements and components of each dimension. In addition, the assessment of the content and description of the models revealed various theoretical approaches to this process, some of which were based on a functional structuralism approach and emphasized the role of organizational factors. The other cases involved the cognitive and interactive dimensions and the role of student agencies in this process, as well as the combination of the two approaches. In addition to the role of institutional factors, the active role of students and the impact of interactions were also discussed with regard to the development of professional identity without determining its dimensions and components. The key concepts extracted from the selected models in the present study could be classified into two psychological and social dimensions. The psychological dimension could be classified as cognitive (principles, values, and professional norms), affective (descriptive [sense of belonging to the profession], evaluative [self-confidence], and normative [attitude toward the profession]), and volitive (job motivation). Similarly, the social dimension could be categorized into the communicative domain (effective professional communication), cohesive domain (mutual respect and commitment), and operative domain (professional behavior and effective role performance).
Conclusion: Presenting the components of professional identity based on psychological and social dimensions could lay the groundwork for designing a comprehensive, static, structural model of professional identity for medical students, thereby resulting in the development of structured interventions for the management of professional identity formation in further investigations.
Sm Ali Naghi Maddah, F Khaledi-Sardashti, J Moghaddasi, N Naseri Borujeni, S Dehghan Abnavi, F Dadgar, H Sadeghi Gandomani,
Volume 33, Issue 127 (December 2020)
Volume 33, Issue 127 (December 2020)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Colorectal cancer is a developing gastrointestinal disease that results in an ostomy operation. Meanwhile, stoma-related complications following ostomy surgery are associated with several physical and psychological diseases in patients. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between self-esteem and perceived social support in ostomy patients.
Materials & Methods: This was a correlational-descriptive study performed in 2017. The sample size was estimated at 390 individuals considering a 95% confidence interval, an 80% test power, and r=0.2. The participants were selected by continuous sampling, and those who were a member of the association and met the inclusion criteria (having a file in Iran ostomy association, no diagnosed physical-psychological diseases, not being in the progressive stage of the disease, having the ability to answer the questions of the questionnaire and at least six months of symptoms of the disease) were enrolled in the study. The researcher visited the association on different days of the week and distributed questionnaires among patients following explaining research objectives and how to complete the instrument and receiving written consent from the subjects. In this study, we applied three questionnaires on demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, occupational status, level of education, and duration of disease), self-esteem, and social support. The Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire encompasses 10 items, which are scored based on a four-point Likert scale from zero (completely disagree) to 3 (completely agree). In this regard, the highest score is 30, and scores above 25, 15-25, and below 15 show high, moderate, and low self-esteem, respectively. The content validity of the mentioned tool was approved based on the opinions of its developers and different preliminary studies (26). In a research by Greenberger et al., the internal consistency of the scale was reported at 0.84. In addition, Pullman & Allik reported internal consistency of 0.91 for the mentioned scale. In the current research, the internal consistency of the instrument was approved at a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90. Designed by Northouse, the perceived social support questionnaire contains 40 items in five sections the spouse, family members, friends, physician, and nurse. Each section includes eight items to assess patients’ social support perceived from their spouse, family members, friends, physician, and nurse. The items are scored based on a five-point Likert scale from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree). The perceived social support score from each of the support sources is calculated separately from the total scores obtained for each resource and the overall perceived social support score from the total scores obtained in all sources. The range of changes in the overall perceived social support score of the five sources is from 40 to 200, and the range of changes in the perceived social support score of each resource separately is from 8 to 40. The perceived social support score is divided into three levels of low (40-92), moderate (93-146) and high (147-200), and the perceived social support score of each support source is classified into three levels of low (8-18), medium (19-29) and high (30-40). In Iran, the questionnaire was first applied by Heydari et al. (2005), who used the internal consistency method to confirm the reliability of the tool. In the end, the reliability of the tool was confirmed at a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92. In the present research, the internal consistency of the questionnaire was approved at a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80. After receiving approvals from the ethics committee of the university, the researcher received an introduction letter from the officials of Kashan University of Medical Sciences to enter the research setting. Afterwards, the researcher referred to the research center and gained permission from the manager and head of the center to start the research. First, the researcher selected participants based on the inclusion criteria received written consent from them, and ensured them of the confidentiality terms regarding their personal information. In the next stage, he read the questions for the subjects and wrote down their answers without any change. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (to regulate table), independent t-test (to analyze the data), as well as one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Tukey’s test.
Results: In this study, 350 questionnaires were completed. The mean age of ostomy patients was 37.7 ± 5.87 years. In addition, 52.3% of the subjects were married, 65.4% were female, and 38.6% had a diploma degree. Moreover, 40% of the subjects were dealing with the disease for more than seven years. The mean and standard deviation of patients’ perceived self-esteem and social support were 20.56 ± 5.17 (out of 30) and 131.17 ± 15.47 (out of 200), respectively. The majority of ostomy patients (68%) had moderate self-esteem. In addition, most of the participants (84.3%) had moderate perceived social support. The relationship between the mentioned variables was assessed using a Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the results of which were indicative of a significant and direct association between perceived social support and its dimensions with self-esteem (r=0.20, P=0.001). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the mean score of self-esteem and marital status (P=0.001). In fact, the mean score of self-esteem was significantly higher in married subjects, compared to single and divorced ones (P=0.001). Moreover, we found a significant correlation between self-esteem and level of education (P=0.008), in a way that the mean self-esteem score was significantly higher in the participants with an MSc degree, compared to other levels of education (P=0.008). Furthermore, we detected a significant relationship between perceived social support and level of education (P=0.005), in a way that the mean perceived social support score was higher in those with an MSc or BSc degree, compared to other levels of education (P=0.005). There was also a significant correlation between the mean score of perceived social support and duration of the disease (P=0.005) since the mentioned variable’s score was higher in those who had the disease for two-four years, compared to other participants (P=0.005).
Conclusion: Given the significant impact of perceived social support on self-esteem it is recommended that high-risk groups (in terms of social support perception and receiving) be recognized by nurses and their support needs be assessed constantly. In fact, great attention can be paid to this psychological dimension of patients by improving their psychological health and connecting them to the community, families and friends.
Materials & Methods: This was a correlational-descriptive study performed in 2017. The sample size was estimated at 390 individuals considering a 95% confidence interval, an 80% test power, and r=0.2. The participants were selected by continuous sampling, and those who were a member of the association and met the inclusion criteria (having a file in Iran ostomy association, no diagnosed physical-psychological diseases, not being in the progressive stage of the disease, having the ability to answer the questions of the questionnaire and at least six months of symptoms of the disease) were enrolled in the study. The researcher visited the association on different days of the week and distributed questionnaires among patients following explaining research objectives and how to complete the instrument and receiving written consent from the subjects. In this study, we applied three questionnaires on demographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, occupational status, level of education, and duration of disease), self-esteem, and social support. The Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire encompasses 10 items, which are scored based on a four-point Likert scale from zero (completely disagree) to 3 (completely agree). In this regard, the highest score is 30, and scores above 25, 15-25, and below 15 show high, moderate, and low self-esteem, respectively. The content validity of the mentioned tool was approved based on the opinions of its developers and different preliminary studies (26). In a research by Greenberger et al., the internal consistency of the scale was reported at 0.84. In addition, Pullman & Allik reported internal consistency of 0.91 for the mentioned scale. In the current research, the internal consistency of the instrument was approved at a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.90. Designed by Northouse, the perceived social support questionnaire contains 40 items in five sections the spouse, family members, friends, physician, and nurse. Each section includes eight items to assess patients’ social support perceived from their spouse, family members, friends, physician, and nurse. The items are scored based on a five-point Likert scale from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree). The perceived social support score from each of the support sources is calculated separately from the total scores obtained for each resource and the overall perceived social support score from the total scores obtained in all sources. The range of changes in the overall perceived social support score of the five sources is from 40 to 200, and the range of changes in the perceived social support score of each resource separately is from 8 to 40. The perceived social support score is divided into three levels of low (40-92), moderate (93-146) and high (147-200), and the perceived social support score of each support source is classified into three levels of low (8-18), medium (19-29) and high (30-40). In Iran, the questionnaire was first applied by Heydari et al. (2005), who used the internal consistency method to confirm the reliability of the tool. In the end, the reliability of the tool was confirmed at a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92. In the present research, the internal consistency of the questionnaire was approved at a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80. After receiving approvals from the ethics committee of the university, the researcher received an introduction letter from the officials of Kashan University of Medical Sciences to enter the research setting. Afterwards, the researcher referred to the research center and gained permission from the manager and head of the center to start the research. First, the researcher selected participants based on the inclusion criteria received written consent from them, and ensured them of the confidentiality terms regarding their personal information. In the next stage, he read the questions for the subjects and wrote down their answers without any change. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (to regulate table), independent t-test (to analyze the data), as well as one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and Tukey’s test.
Results: In this study, 350 questionnaires were completed. The mean age of ostomy patients was 37.7 ± 5.87 years. In addition, 52.3% of the subjects were married, 65.4% were female, and 38.6% had a diploma degree. Moreover, 40% of the subjects were dealing with the disease for more than seven years. The mean and standard deviation of patients’ perceived self-esteem and social support were 20.56 ± 5.17 (out of 30) and 131.17 ± 15.47 (out of 200), respectively. The majority of ostomy patients (68%) had moderate self-esteem. In addition, most of the participants (84.3%) had moderate perceived social support. The relationship between the mentioned variables was assessed using a Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the results of which were indicative of a significant and direct association between perceived social support and its dimensions with self-esteem (r=0.20, P=0.001). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the mean score of self-esteem and marital status (P=0.001). In fact, the mean score of self-esteem was significantly higher in married subjects, compared to single and divorced ones (P=0.001). Moreover, we found a significant correlation between self-esteem and level of education (P=0.008), in a way that the mean self-esteem score was significantly higher in the participants with an MSc degree, compared to other levels of education (P=0.008). Furthermore, we detected a significant relationship between perceived social support and level of education (P=0.005), in a way that the mean perceived social support score was higher in those with an MSc or BSc degree, compared to other levels of education (P=0.005). There was also a significant correlation between the mean score of perceived social support and duration of the disease (P=0.005) since the mentioned variable’s score was higher in those who had the disease for two-four years, compared to other participants (P=0.005).
Conclusion: Given the significant impact of perceived social support on self-esteem it is recommended that high-risk groups (in terms of social support perception and receiving) be recognized by nurses and their support needs be assessed constantly. In fact, great attention can be paid to this psychological dimension of patients by improving their psychological health and connecting them to the community, families and friends.
Shahram Ghanbari, Homa Sadeghi, Leila Amini, Shima Haghani,
Volume 34, Issue 133 (January 2022)
Volume 34, Issue 133 (January 2022)
Abstract
Background & Aims: Given the increasing elderly population in Iran, it seems necessary to pay attention to the general health of the elderly women without a spouse, who constitute a significant percentage of the elderly population in Iran. This study aimed to compare the general health and happiness of elderly women with and without a spouse referred to Bandar Abbas health centers in 2018.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 390 elderly women with and without a spouse, using the quota cluster sampling method. Data were collected using three questionnaires (demographic, Goldberg and Hillier's General Health, and Oxford Happiness) and were processed using SPSS software v. 21.
Results: In this study, out of 260 elderly women with a spouse, 218 (83.8%), and out of 130 elderly women without a spouse, 83 (63.8%) were under 70 years old. Most women without a spouse (67.6%) and a spouse (65%) have 5 to 9 children. About half of women in the two groups (48.5% in the group with a spouse and 50% in the other group) had primary education, most (94.2% in the group with a spouse, and 95.4% in the group without a spouse) were housewives. In terms of economic status, most of the two groups (61.5% of each group) were at a moderate level. The two groups were homogeneous regarding demographic variables except for age and years of living with a spouse (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results showed that the average general health score in both groups was lower than the cut-off points for the whole test (23), which indicates the excellent health level of most of these women. But the average health score in this study is higher than the results of the Yazdani study in Tehran. (Yazdani, 2010), and Nejati study in Qom (Nejati, 2005). The study also found that the mean happiness score was higher in married women, but this difference was not statistically significant. (P=0.17). Other factors besides having a spouse, such as the quality of marital life, also play a role in the mental health of older women.
Soheila Nazeri, Leila Amini, Homa Sadeghi Avval Shahr, Shima Haghani, Hossein Heshmati,
Volume 34, Issue 134 (March 2022)
Volume 34, Issue 134 (March 2022)
Abstract
Background & Aims: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and the preferred mode of delivery in primiparous pregnant women in 2019.
Materials & Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional investigation in which the relationship between the perceived stress of primiparous women and their preferred mode of delivery was evaluated. The population in this study was all of the primiparous women attending the healthcare centers in Bandar Abbas in 2019, among which 230 women were sampled through a multi-stage sampling process. Data acquisition was performed via Cohen's Perceived Stress Questionnaire and a demographic and gynecological information checklist. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software v. 23 and Chi-square, Welch's t-test, Pearson's correlation test, and one-way and two-way analysis of variance with post-hoc. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The Mean±SD age of the samples was 25.84±5.09, and the majority of participants were unemployed (86.9%), had high school education (50%), and had moderate economic status (66.1%), and preferred vaginal delivery as the mode of birthing (75.7%). The Mean±SD perceived stress score was 23.14±8.70. The results have shown that there is a statistically significant relationship between the perceived stress score and preferred mode of delivery (P=0.033), type of pregnancy (wanted/unwanted; P=0.029), and economic status (P=0.004). There was a statistically significant relationship between the preferred mode of delivery and the level of the education of the participants (P=0.043) and their spouses (P=0.005), the employment status of the participant (P=0.005), the number of years that the participants and their spouses were educated (P=0.001 and P=0.001).
Conclusion: Women who experience this type of pregnancy require higher levels of social support. In addition, there is a need for proper educative programs that would inform couples of the benefits and harms of different delivery.
Materials & Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional investigation in which the relationship between the perceived stress of primiparous women and their preferred mode of delivery was evaluated. The population in this study was all of the primiparous women attending the healthcare centers in Bandar Abbas in 2019, among which 230 women were sampled through a multi-stage sampling process. Data acquisition was performed via Cohen's Perceived Stress Questionnaire and a demographic and gynecological information checklist. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software v. 23 and Chi-square, Welch's t-test, Pearson's correlation test, and one-way and two-way analysis of variance with post-hoc. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The Mean±SD age of the samples was 25.84±5.09, and the majority of participants were unemployed (86.9%), had high school education (50%), and had moderate economic status (66.1%), and preferred vaginal delivery as the mode of birthing (75.7%). The Mean±SD perceived stress score was 23.14±8.70. The results have shown that there is a statistically significant relationship between the perceived stress score and preferred mode of delivery (P=0.033), type of pregnancy (wanted/unwanted; P=0.029), and economic status (P=0.004). There was a statistically significant relationship between the preferred mode of delivery and the level of the education of the participants (P=0.043) and their spouses (P=0.005), the employment status of the participant (P=0.005), the number of years that the participants and their spouses were educated (P=0.001 and P=0.001).
Conclusion: Women who experience this type of pregnancy require higher levels of social support. In addition, there is a need for proper educative programs that would inform couples of the benefits and harms of different delivery.
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