Iran Journal of Nursing

  Nursing standards of prevention of suicide in the hospital , is caution s related to suicide . This involves assigning a room with several beds near the nursing station, collecting of dangerous instruments, limiting of each unit, and excessive caring by nurse. The purpose of this policy is preventing of self- destructing behaviors in hospital. However these interventions are not effective unless the suicidal thoughts away from patient in the hospital and after discharge. Studies showed that in the first three months after discharge the risk of suicide will be increased.

 Breast cancer is a very popular neoplastic disorder. In Iran, 7347 new cases have been reported by the year 2000. Support is a prominent need of any one who suffers from this disease.

  Determination of the needs of women with breast cancer, a descriptive study was carried out in some hospitals of Tehran. In this study needs were sorted by priorities, meanwhile, some variables such as age, marital status, types of treatment and the duration of disease were considered as well. 200 patient, all were under treatment within 5 years took part in this study.

  Findings revealed that those, between the ages of 21 to 75 emphasized on their treatments, future lives, friends and families as their important needs, but married women said that their friends, family and future lives were their prominent needs respectively. Women, who were gone under mastectomy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, mentioned that their relation with friends is their most important need. Furthermore, significant relations were found between mentioned needs from the point of their priorities. Also factors such as age, marital status, duration of the disease and etc, did not interfere with the type of the needs.

  It can be concluded that all participants were worried about, future life, diagnosis, treatment, support system, information, femininity and body image, respectively.

  So, it is suggested that health team members specially nurses pay their special attention to women suffering breast cancer and provide them with good assessment, proper education and care.

  Background & Aim: Every year, thousands of children admitting in Foster Care Centres, because of several reasons. Most children live in foster care centers, as a results of neglect, physical abuse, parental substance abuse, divorce and social-economic poverty. In addition, living in Foster Care Centres cause a lot of health behavioral problems in the children. With regard to this issue, mental health status of 7-11 years old children living in foster care centres in Tehran was assessed.

  Material & Method: We performed a cross-sectional study with 105 children (57 boy, 48girl) liring in the centers. In this research, the sampling method was census. The required information about children's mental health was obtained by interview of the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) from guardians who recognized these children on the basis of their behaviors.

  Results: The result showed that the frequency of behavioral problems in these children were as follows: Delinquent (%44.8), externalizing (%40), internalizing (%40), social problems (%13.3) and aggression (%11.4). Furthermore, the obtained total scores of questionnaire showed that more than %28 of these children had mental health problems. Chi-square test showed that there were significant relationships between attentional problems and mental health with gender.

  Conclusion: On the basis of these findings and the results of other studies, paying full attention, assessment and further studies on high risk groups of children were recommended.

 Background & Aim: An effective and efficient educational system must be continuously revised to be responsive to the present and future community needs. The purpose of the study was to compare students and teachers opinions regarding theory- practice gap in nursing education in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 1378-79.

 Material & Method: This research was a cross sectional study. The data was collected from nursing student (n=67) and clinical nurse teachers (n=41) using questionnaire provided by researcher in two section, the first section included the demographic characteristics and the second section consisted of questions about necessity and application of content education. The content validity of questionnaire was provided by experts and texts. For reliability, test retest method was used (r=089). Data were collected in one stage and were analyzed by t-student test Kendal’s correlation coefficient, and Chi square.

 Results: The result revealed that the mean score of students and teachers views about “the necessity of the theoretical courses” were 17.86 and 16.35, but they gave low scores to the “real application of the theory in practice” (11.8 and 12.08). There was a statistically significant relationship between the necessity and application of theory (P=0.00). The degree of coordination between clinical education and tasks were reported low (less than 3) by both teachers and students, but, there was a statistically significant difference between their perspectives (P< 0.05).

 Conclusion: This study showed that continuing revision and repair of the program based on students and teachers’ perspectives can help educationalists to reduce theory-practice gap.

  Background and Aim: Migraine is the most common primary headache syndrome with no specific pathologic reason affecting physical, mental and social aspects of quality of life and reduces health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Migraine is the most noticeable medical issue in women's health, since it is more prevalent among them during the reproductive years between the ages of 25 and 55 years. The low frequency of organic causes for and the increasing prevalence of headache suggest individual and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between migraine headache and lifestyle in women.

  Material and Method : This is a case-control study on 170 subjects aged 18-50 years randomly selected by Poisson sampling from population of women with headache referring to neurology clinics of Al-zahra and Nour hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences with an absolute diagnosis of migraine by neurologist based on the criteria of the International Headache Society .The control group comprised of all women with no migraine having identical inclusion criteria with the study subjects. The data were collected by interviews with a researcher designed questionnaire. The questionnaire was used after the scientific validity and reliability had been confirmed by content validity and Test-retest, respectively. Descriptive and analytical statistical tests (independent t test, Chi-square test and Fisher exact test) were used to analyze the data.

  Results : The findings showed that there was a statistically significant association between some dimensions of lifestyle such as nutrition status and food habits ( P≤ 0.001), sleep and rest pattern (P=0.012), medication habit pattern ( P≤ 0.001) with migraine. Meanwhile, there was no statistically significant association between smoking, physical activity and sport pattern and the level of exposure to life stressors with migraine. The result of the study is in line with some findings of other investigations suggesting that some lifestyle factors probably play a role as migraine precipitating factor.

  Background & Aim : Myocardial infarction is a common and dangerous life threatening disease with an impact on quality of life. The present descriptive-analytical study aims to determine quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction referring to Hadjar hospital affiliated to the Shahre-kord University of Medical Sciences.

  Material & Method : This was a descriptive-analytical study in which 150 patients admitted to cardiac care unit of Hadja hospital within 8 weeks post infarction were selected by non random sampling method. Data were collected through interview, patients’ medical records and patients self report. The tool for collecting data regarding quality of life was SF36 questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.

  Results: Findings showed that the mean value of age was 55.7 ±10.5 and that quality of life in majority of subjects (%53) was fairly favorable. Regarding aspects of quality of life, most patients had fairly favorable general status (physical and psychological health) (%62) and social function (%65). Also, sleep pattern of majority of subjects (%61) was favorable and most of them (62%) had unfavorable physical activity. There was statistically significant correlation between quality of life and variables such as duration of disease (P<0.05), intensity of pain (P<0.05), decline or loss of job function, and the degree of fatigue (P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant relationship between quality of life and other demographics as age, gender, marital status, economic status and occupational status.

  Conclusion: Because fatigue and pain have some relationship with quality of life in patient with myocardial infarction, health care personnel, spatially nurses should pay attention to dimensions of quality of life when planning care for these patients. Failure to do so may leads to quality of life of patients to be neglected.

  Background and Aim: Every year, thousands of children are admitted in foster care centers, mostly because of neglect, physical abuse, parental substance abuse, and divorce and socio- economic poverty. On the other hand, entring these centers and living there faces children with a lot of behavioral and health problems. The purpose of this study was to assess physical health status among 7-11 years old children living in foster care centers in Tehran.

  Material and Method: We performed a cross-sectional study with 105 children (57 boys, 48 girls). Census sampling was used to recruit participants and information about child physical health was obtained by physical exams based on child health assessment form, child health records and sometimes, consults with physicians.

  Results: Findings showed that most frequently type of physical problem in these children was periodontal (90.5%), followed by skin (76.2%), eyes (51.4%), and respiratory system problems (40.1%). Chi-square test did not show any statistical significant relationship of physical health with sex, age and duration of stay in these centers.

  Conclusion: Based on the finding, full attention and health facility should be given to this group of children and more studies are needed to study the factors affecting their health.

  Background and Aim : The ultimate goal of health care systems is to deliver scientific and practical care to patients and their families and to make them satisfied of the services. Regarding the importance of patients and families satisfaction, this research was designed to determine personnel and patients satisfaction in Jahrom Motahari hospital in 2005 and 2007.

  Material and Method : In this cross-sectional study, purposeive sampling was done one month in 2005 and also one month in 2007. The sample in each year was consisting personnel (136) and patients with minimum 4 days hospitalization (198). A questionnaire made by researcher was used to gather data. Face and content validity and reliability of the questionnaire were established. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.

  Results: Total personnel satisfaction in 2007 had 2.94% increases when compared with that of 2005, but, remained in moderate level. The findings showed a statistically significant positive relationship between years of work and job satisfaction. Total patient satisfaction in 2007 (98.99 % ) had 8.09% increases relative to 2005 (90.9%). A statistically significant relationship was seen between patients gender and their trust to personnel (p≤0.05), meaning that female patients had more trust to nurses and physicians than male patients. There was a statistically significant negative relationship between patients' level of education and satisfaction (p≤0.05).

  Conclusion : Albeit patients and personnel satisfaction had an incremental trend, this increase was not enogh. Hospitals should make a holistic plan for quality assurance of services.

  Background & Aim : Given the high cost of medical treatment to control the symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and the resulted numerous complications, the use of complementary therapy has been increased by these patients. This study aims to determine the status of complimentary therapy in patients with MS who refer to MS Association in Tehran in 2008.

  Material & Methods : It was a descriptive cross- sectional study. Two hundred patients with MS were recruited by convenience sampling. Data was collected by a researcher made questionnaire using face-to-face interviews and analyzed by descriptive and inferential (Chi-square and ANOVA) statistics using SPSS-PC (v. 11.5).

  Results : More than half of sample (60%) has used complimentary therapy. All of them had used non-pharmacological treatment as a supplement and not as a replacement to therapy. The most frequently used methods were exercise, meditation, nutrition therapy, herbal medicines, energy therapy, acupuncture and acupressure respectively. The results also showed that the majority of participants (44/5%) have used one non-pharmacological method and just 11.5% have used two methods or more . The findings showed that there is o significant relationship between using complimentary therapy and demographic characteristics of patients except for educational level (P=0/04).

  Conclusion: Regarding the widespread use of complementary therapy by patients with MS, these patients are exposed to potential risks and side effects of the treatments. So it is recommended that patients be provided with necessary training. Doing more research on the methods of complimentary therapy and assessment of the reasons for tendency to this type of treatment is also recommended.

  Received: 9 Jun 2012

  Accepted: 16 Aug 2012

  Abstract

  Background & Aim: Regarding to the increasing prevalence of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery and the significant role of psychological factors in quality of life, prognosis and relapse of cardiac disease, the present study is designed to determine the relationship between mood states and quality of life of patients following CABG in 2010-2011.

  Material & Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 110 patients undergoing CABG surgery and referred to Shahid Chamran Rehabilitation Center . Data was collected by Mood States (POMS) and Quality of Life (SF-36) Questionnaires and analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and analysis of co-variance by SPSS-PC (v. 18).

  Results: The overall score mood state was 98.21(36.1) and total score of quality of life was 60.06 (16.1). The findings showed an inverse relationship between mood state and quality of life (r = -0.93 and p < 0.001) this means that by mood improvement ( reduction in mood scores ), quality of life increases and vice versa.

  Conclusion: With regard to the significant correlation between mood state and quality of life in this study, it is suggested that nurses design and execute appropriate interventions to promote these patients’ mood states, and in this way help to improve their quality of life. Conducting a longitudinal study of Mood and quality of life in these patients is also recommended.

  Received: 1 Jun 2013

  Accepted: 4 Sep 2013

Abstract

Background & Aim: Successful aging and life satisfaction accompanies with continued and high levels of hope in subsequent stages of life. This study examines the effect of reminiscence therapy on hope in elderly. 

Material & Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study. A total of 24 elderly of Karaj city were randomly recruited among the elderly of Setayesh hospice and were voluntary assigned into experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. Reminiscence therapy was performed during eight sessions for the experimental group. Hope was assessed in the two groups before and immediately after intervention by Snyder questionnaire. Data was analyzed by independent and pair T test using SPSS-PC (v. 21).  

Results: There was a significant difference between experimental and control groups after intervention (P< 0.001). The mean score of hope in the experimental group was increased from 23.83±3.01 before intervention to 28.08±2.06 after the intervention (P= 0.000).

Conclusion: According to the findings it can be said that reminiscence therapy increases elderly hope. Therefore using this simple, practical and inexpensive technique in hospices is recommended.

Abstract

Background & Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between perfectionism (positive and negative) and self-esteem (personal competence and self-approbation) in predicting women's sexual satisfaction.

Material & methods: A descriptive and co relational design was used in this study. Also, this study was performed in the first quarter of 1393 year on all married women who referred to the 32 healthcare centers located in 2 region of Tehran city. The participants selected by Krejcie & Morgan Table (1970). A sample of 200 women were selected by out of this population. In this study, three standardized questionnaires were used incloding Hadson Sexual satisfaction index (ISS), Terry-Short Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale and Rosenberg self-esteem Scale. Gathered data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, regression, one-way ANOVA.

Results: The findings showed that Predictor variables were not able to predict sexual satisfaction (F (4,195) =2/30, P>0/05) and only 0/04 percent of variations in sexual satisfaction is explained by these variables. Also, among predictor variables, self-approbation (t= -2/30 >|2|, β = -0/23 P< 0/05) which is independent of other predictive variables was able to predict and explain women's sexual satisfaction. In invesigating the effect of age and marriage length, a one-way ANOVA showed that the age (F (4, 195) = 0/75, P > 0/05) and marriage length (F (4, 195) = 1/55, P > 0/05) cannot act as good predictors.

Conclusion: According to importance of self-esteem and its relation with human behavior and actions especially in the family, and its impact on sexual satisfaction, it is necessary to provide a fertile ground for further improvements in women’s self esteem.