Volume 37, Issue 150 (November 2024)                   IJN 2024, 37(150): 364-379 | Back to browse issues page

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Havaei Z, Kheirkhah M, Haghani S. Comparison of Spouse Social Support and Spiritual Well-being in Women With Planned and Unplanned Pregnancies in Bushehr, South of Iran. IJN 2024; 37 (150) :364-379
URL: http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3794-en.html
Comparison of Spouse Social Support and Spiritual Well-being in Women With Planned and Unplanned Pregnancies in Bushehr, South of Iran
Zahra Havaei1 , Masoomeh Kheirkhah 2, Shima Haghani3
1- Dpartment of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
2- Nursing and Midwifery Care Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. , shivakheirkhah1345@gmail.com
3- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Keywords: Spiritual well-being, Social support, Spouse support, Planned pregnancy, Unplanned pregnancy
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Introduction
Pregnancy is an important event in a woman's life. When pregnancy is not planned, it becomes a critical public health issue and a major factor of abortion. One solution to address unplanned pregnancy is partner support. Men can support their wives in reproductive health and child feeding and raising. Social support during stressful events positively affects women's health by changing the perception of threats, reducing anxiety, and improving coping abilities. Spiritual well-being has a direct relationship with mental and social health. This study aims to compare spiritual well-being and social support from spouses between women with planned and unplanned pregnancies in Bushehr, South of Iran.

Methods
This is a descriptive-comparative study conducted in the comprehensive health centers in Bushehr, South of Iran. Participants were 384 pregnant women who met the entry criteria (being Iranian, age 18-45 years, having a planned or unplanned pregnancy, be in the first half of pregnancy, at least a reading and writing literacy, no neurological or mental diseases, not psychotropic drug use, and living with husband). Sampling was carried out from 12 comprehensive health centers using a continuous sampling method. Data collection tools included a sociodemographic/fertility form, Yildirim’s spouse support scale (SSS), and Paloutzian and Ellison’s spiritual well-being scale (SWBS). The sociodemographic/fertility characteristics included the age of the woman and their spouse, gestational age, history of pregnancy and abortion, number of children, educational level and occupation of the woman and their spouse, family income level, housing status, duration of marriage, economic status, and type of pregnancy. The SSS has 27 items, examining emotional support, instrumental and informational support, value support, and social support. Based on the Likert scale, its total score is in a range of 27-81, with a higher score indicating greater spouse support. The SWBS has 10 items and two subscales of existential well-being and religious well-being, measured on a six-point Likert scale. The total score ranges from 20 to 120. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS software, version 16, and the significance level was set at 0.05.

Results
The two groups of women with planned (n=192) and unplanned (n=192) pregnancies were significantly different based on age (P<0.001), length of marriage (P<0.001), number of female children (P<0.001), number of male children (P<0.001), number of pregnancy (P<0.001), having vaginal delivery (P<0.001), and having caesarian section (P<0.001). The total SSS score and the score of its dimensions were significantly higher in women with planned pregnancies than in women with unplanned pregnancies (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the total SWBS score between the two groups of pregnant women (P=0.448). In women with unplanned pregnancies, informational/instrumental support had a positive correlation with religious well-being (P=0.001) and total SWBS score (P=0.004); therefore, with increasing informational/instrumental support from the spouse for women with unplanned pregnancy, their religious and spiritual well-being can be improved. In these women, social support had a positive correlation with religious well-being (P=0.009); therefore, with increasing social support from the spouse, religious well-being of women with unplanned pregnancies can be increased. The total SSS score had a positive correlation with religious well-being (P=0.017) and the total SWBS score (P=0.037).

Conclusion
Increasing social support from the spouse can increase the religious and spiritual well-being of women with unplanned pregnancies in Bushehr. It can also increase the religious well-being of women with planned pregnancies.

Ethical Considerations

Compliance with ethical guidelines
Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.IUMS.REC.1401.604). Voluntary participation, informed written consent, and confidentiality of information were considered.

Funding
This article was extracted from the master’s thesis of Zahra Havaei in midwifery consultation, funded by Iran University of Medical Sciences.

Authors' contributions
Zahra Havaei prepared the draft and performed the research and sampling, Masoomeh Kheirkhah contributed to writing, reviewing, and supervision; Shima Haghani contributed to data analysis.

Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Vice-Chancellor for Research of Iran University of Medical Sciences, the staff of comprehensive heath centers in Bushehr, and all mothers who participated in this study for their support and cooperation.



 
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Type of Study: Research | Subject: Midwifery
Received: 2024/06/25 | Accepted: 2024/09/28 | Published: 2024/10/31
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