@article{ author = {NajafiGhezeljeh, T and AbbasNejhad, Z and Rafii, F}, title = {A Literature Review of Hand Hygiene in Iran}, abstract ={  Background & Aims : Nosocomial infections are among the important risk factors in healthcare sector, and hand hygiene also has an important role in nosocomial infections which may be the first recommended control step. Determining studies trend related to the subject, identifying research gaps and deciding about strategies for hand hygiene improvement in Iran is essential through literature review.   The main aim of this study was reviewing studies which have been conducted on hand hygiene in Iran between 1996- 2011.   Material & Methods: Published articles between 1996 to 2011 were searched and reviewed. These articles had been obtained in web-based and library search.   Results: The results of reviewing 14 articles showed that seven investigations have been carried out as descriptive, five experimental and two by interventional methods. Despite the importance of hand hygiene, limited studies were conducted and there was not enough cohesion in assessing different dimensions of hand hygiene. In existing articles, health awareness, compliance, and performance related to hand hygiene have been reported poor especially in the clinical healthcare staff.  Conclusion: The results of limited studies were indicating poor hand hygiene in health care settings. However according to methodological limitations of reviewed articles, more studies should be conducted to investigate knowledge, attitude or beliefs and performance related to hand hygiene in healthcare staff. Furthermore, investigating effectiveness of various interventions for improving hand hygiene knowledge and compliance is recommended .  Received: 3 Feb 2013   Accepted: 30 Apr 2013  }, Keywords = {Hand hygiene, Iran, Nosocomial infections, Review of literature}, volume = {25}, Number = {80}, pages = {1-13}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1467-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1467-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {HassaniP, and OtaghiM., and Zagheri-TafreshiM, and Nekbakhat-NasrabadiA,}, title = {The Facilitators of the Transition to Heamodialysis}, abstract ={  Background ;Aims: Transition is a passage or movement from one state, condition, or place to another. Most of nursing care occurs during transition process and the primary goal of nursing is to enhance healthy outcomes for patients. The mission of nursing according to this concept is the art and science of facilitating the transition to health and well-being. In the meanwhile, end stage renal disease patients have to transit from this situation to the hemodialysis situation. The purpose of this study is to explore facilitators in the process of transition to heamodialysis.   Material & Methods: This paper is a part of findings of a more extensive grounded theory study. The participants included new hemodialysis patients, their relatives and health care personnel. Purposeful and theoretical sampling was used to recruit participants and continued until saturation. The study was undertaken in hospitals affiliated to Shaheed Beheshti and Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Tehran. Data was generated by semi-structured interviews, and observation. The data were analyzed by constant comparison. The rigor of the study was confirmed through the criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba.   Results: Facilitators in the process of transition to heamodialysis included personal factors (physical, mental and spiritual properties), social factors (expert support of medical and nursing team, collaboration of family and familiars, support of social organizations and effects of interaction with peers) and spirituality (relating with God, having recourse to God's Saints and relying on spirituality values).  Conclusion: Nurses’ special attention to the personal, social and spiritual characteristics of hemodialysis patients, providing an appropriate context for identifying and reinforcing these factors, and doing appropriate supportive interventions would play an important role in the process of healthy transition to heamodialysis.  Received: 8 Mar 2013   Accepted: 13 May 2013  }, Keywords = {Nursing, Hemodialysis, Qualitative Research, Transition}, volume = {25}, Number = {80}, pages = {14-23}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1472-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1472-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {HamadzadehS, and EzattiZH, and AbedsaeidiZH, and NasiriN,}, title = {Coping Styles and Self-Care Behaviors among Diabetic Patients}, abstract ={  Background ;Aims: Afflict by diabetes and patient’s commitment for self-care, induces much stress in routine life which requires the use of coping styles for adaption. The aim of this study was to determine correlation between coping styles and self-care behaviors among diabetic patients.   Material ;Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 275 type 1 and2 diabetic patients were selected by convenience sampling from Taleghani hospital in Tehran. Data was collected by “ Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activity Measure” and ”Jalowice Coping Scale” and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS-PC (v.16).   Results: The findings showed that there has been a positive significant correlation between Confrontive (r=0.28, p<0.05), Optimistic(r=0.28, p<0.01), Supportant (r=0.31,p<0.01)and Self-reliant (r=0 . 25,p<./01) coping styles and self-care behaviors. Moreover, there was negative correlation between Emotive (r= - 0.18, p<0.05) and Evasive (r= - 0.34, p<0.01) coping styles and self-care behaviors. There was also a significant correlation between total self-care behaviors and coping styles(r=0.26, p=0.018).  Conclusion: According to the findings, clinical staff especially nurses can improve the self-care and adaption among diabetic patients by encouraging them to apply effective coping methods.  Received: 18 Feb 2013   Accepted: 17 May 2013  }, Keywords = {Coping styles, Self-care Behavior, Diabetic Patients}, volume = {25}, Number = {80}, pages = {24-33}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1473-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1473-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {FarahaniniaM, and FarahaniniaS, and ChamariM, and HaghaniH,}, title = {Nutritional Pattern of Pregnant Women Attending to Health Centers Affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={  Background ;Aims : Nutritional status during pregnancy is important for the wellbeing of both mother and fetus and it is avoidable by adequate intake of food. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the nutrition pattern of pregnant women attending to health centers affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2008.   Material and Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study. A total of 360 pregnant women attending 10 health centers affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, who were in their second trimester and onwards were recruited by cluster sampling. Data was collected by a two part instrument including demographic information and the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) which was used to assess the intake of different groups of food during last day, week, and month. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and t- test using SPSS-PC (v.14).   Results : The results showed that the average servings of food consumption was 4.7 of carbohydrates, 1.1 of meat and protein group, 1.14 of dairy group, 1.3 of fruit group, 1.7 of vegetables, and 2.17 of fat group. Moreover, the intake of calcium was 896mg, Protein 66.5 g , folic acid 196.5 6g , and the intake of iron was 12mg. Except fat group, the intake of all other nutritional groups was lower than recommended levels. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.0001).   Conclusion : Considering the results of the study, emphasize on the importance of proper nutrition through intake of adequate and diverse regimen fit with the needs of pregnant women is recommended.   Received: 9 Feb 2013   Accepted: 18 May 2013  }, Keywords = {Nutritional Pattern, Pregnant Women, Nutritional Groups}, volume = {25}, Number = {80}, pages = {34-45}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1477-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1477-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {YekkeFallahL, and AzimiH, and SadeghiT,}, title = {The Effect of Aerobic and Walking Exercise on Physical and Psychological Symptoms and Pain of Premenstrual Syndrome}, abstract ={  Background & Aims: Premenstrual Syndrome may have disabling effects on the person’s performance in the family and community . To relief from the symptoms of this syndrome, different methods such as safe exercise have been recommended. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a three –month regular aerobic and walking exercise on physical and psychological symptoms and pain of premenstrual syndrome .   Material and Methods: this Quasi-Experimental study was conducted on 7 0 volunteer 18-32 years old female students with at least 40% PMS symptoms. The Participants were randomly assigned into 3 groups of aerobic, walking and control. Aerobic group exercise 7 types of practice for 30 minutes daily for 3 months. The walking group practiced fast walking 30 minutes daily for 3 months. All of Participants completed the standard questionnaire of “Jack. Tips” for 3 times (before, 1 and 3 months after intervention).Data were analyzed using SPSS win (v.16) using one-way ANOVA. Significance level was considered as less than 0.05.   Results: Pain reduction was significant at the end of first and third month of intervention (p=0.008, p=0.047). A significant difference was observed for physical symptoms after one menstruation cycle (p=0.001) although it was not significant after three menstruation cycles. No significant differences were observed in psychological symptoms after 1 and 3 cycles. Repeated measurement showed significant difference in physical symptoms of the 3 (P = 0.034).  Conclusion: Three months of walking and aerobic exercise are very effective in reducing pain and Physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Although aerobic exercise is more effective in reducing pain , but it does not create a significant improvement in psychological symptoms. Performing these two exercises are recommended to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.  Received: 5 Mar 2013   Accepted: 1 Jun 2013  }, Keywords = {Premenstrual Syndrome, Aerobic Exercise, Walking}, volume = {25}, Number = {80}, pages = {46-55}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1489-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {MohammadiN, and GhaseminezhadST, and SeyedalshohadaeiM, and HaghaniH, and YekaninezhadMS,}, title = {The Role of Hemodynamic Status and the Level of Oxygenation in the Development of Pressure Ulcer in Mechanically Ventilated Patients}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Despite of developments in healthcare systems and ongoing investments to prevent pressure ulcers, it still remains as a major problem particularly in critical care units . This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the level of oxygenation and hemodynamic status in the occurrence of pressure ulcer in mechanically ventilated patients.   Material; Methods: It was a correlational and longitudinal study. The study population included 120 mechanically ventilated patients admitted to critical care units of one of the hospitals affiliated to Tehran U niversity of Medical Sciences in Tehran-Iran. The subjects were selected through consecutive sampling method from February 2012 to August 2012. Hemodynamic and oxygenation data were collected using the patients’ records and observation sheets. Patients’ skin was daily assessed for developing pressure ulcers. Pressure sore risk factors were assessed by Braden Scale. Collected data were imported into SPSS-PC (v.17) and analyzed using independent t-test, chi-square and logistic regression.   Results: pressure ulcers of stage I were developed in 35.8% of the subjects. There was no significant linear correlation between hemodynamic and oxygenation variables and the development of pressure ulcers. However there was a significant relationship between the development of pressure ulcers and the duration of mechanical ventilation, patients’ age and the level of consciousness ( P<0.001) .   Conclusions: Patients under mechanical ventilation have more chance for developing pressure ulcers and nurses should apply preventing masseurs as soon as possible for such patients. Investigating the role of other variables in the development of pressure ulcers in these patients is recommended.  Received: 14 Apr 2013   Accepted: 6 Jun 2013  }, Keywords = {Pressure Ulcer, Mechanically Ventilated Patients, Oxygenation, Hemodynamic Status}, volume = {25}, Number = {80}, pages = {56-64}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1491-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1491-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {TaheriHabibAbadiE, and NoorianM, and RassouliM, and KavousiA,}, title = {Nurses’ Perspectives on Factors Related to Medication Errors in Neonatal and Neonatal Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={  Background & Aims: Medication and medication errors are very important in children, especially in neonates. This study is aimed to determine the factors related to medication errors in neonatal and neonatal intensive care units.   Material & Methods: In this descriptive study 119 nurses working in the neonatal units and neonatal intensive care units of 5 educational hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were recruited by census. Data was collected by a demographic sheet and the Medication Administration Error questionnaire. Significant differences between the related factors of medication errors were determined by ANOVA-R. The mean and standard deviation was used to determine the amount of differences. Independent t-test and ANOVA was used to determine the correlations using SPSS-PC (v. 18) .   Results: The finding revealed that the most influential factors in incidence of medication errors were related to the working conditions and transcription factors (P<0.0001) . The effect of each factor in incidence of medication errors was: communication factor ( M=2.91, SD=0.7±0.4) , medication packaging factors (M=2.79, SD= 0.7±0.4) , transcription factors (M=3.22, SD= 0.94±0.4) , work situation factors (M= 3.3, SD= 0.2±0.4) and pharmacy factors (M= 2.67 , SD= 0.79 ). Conclusion: Recognition of factors related to medication errors results in an attempt to decrease these factors and medication errors, and an increase in patient safety and promotion of the quality of care.}, Keywords = {Medication Errors, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Nursing Care, Related Factor}, volume = {25}, Number = {80}, pages = {65-74}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1493-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1493-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {AbediniR, and ChoobinehA, and HasanzadehJ,}, title = {Ergonomics Risk Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders Related to Patient Transfer Operation among Hospital Nurses Using PTAI Technique}, abstract ={  Background & Aims: Nursing staff suffer from work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) more than other health care workers and patient handling is a main risk factor in the occurrence of these disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to patient handling using PTAI technique among hospital nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS).   Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 randomly selected nurses from 75 wards of 11 hospitals affiliated to SUMS. Data was collected by demographic and Nordic musculoskeletal disorders questionnaires and PTAI index checklist. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (v 16.). Chi-square test was applied to examine the difference between MSDs prevalence in different levels of PTAI index. Odds ratio was also calculated for each level of PTAI index.   Results: The mean score of age and job tenure of subjects was 30.76±6.44 and 6.92±5.75 years respectively. Prevalence rate of MSDs among the subjects was 88.2%. The results of PTAI index assessment revealed that 4% of subjects were at risk level 1, 8.5% at risk level 2 and 87.5% at risk level 3. The results indicated that PTAI index score was significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders occurrence (p<0.001).  Conclusion: According to the findings, PTAI is an appropriate tool for musculoskeletal disorders risk identification and assessment due to patient handling in nursing personnel.   Received: 2 Apr 2013   Accepted: 10 Jun 2013  }, Keywords = {Musculoskeletal Disorders, PTAI Index, Nursing personnel, Patient Transfer}, volume = {25}, Number = {80}, pages = {75-84}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1497-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1497-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2013} }