@article{ author = {PakpourHajiaghaA, and MohammadiZeidiI, and MohammadiZeidiB,}, title = {The Impact of Health Education Based on Theory of Planned Behavior on the Prevention of AIDS among Adolescents}, abstract ={  Background & aims : Adolescents are among the most vulnerable age groups against AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases . The aim of this study was to assess the impact of health education based on Theory of Planned Behavior on the prevention of AIDS among high school students in Qazvin city.   Material & Methods : It was a quasi experimental study that was conducted on 120 students in boys’ high schools in Qazvin. The students were randomly assigned into either control or experimental groups (each 60). Data was gathered before and after educational program. The instruments included questions related to demographic characteristics, a questionnaire for assessing constructs of theory of planned behavior and an observation checklist to assess refusal skills and stalling risk suggestions . Educational intervention was conducted in 5 focus group discussions each lasting for 45-60 minutes with emphasis on the above mentioned theory. An educational pamphlet also was given to the subjects. Data were collected before and 3 months after training and was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxan test, paired t test, Chi-square and ANOVA using SPSS-PC (v. 17.0).   Results : The average age of the subjects was 16± 3.29 years. No difference was detected between demographic characteristics of the control and experimental groups. There was also no difference between the groups regarding cognitive variables (knowledge, attitude, perceived behavior control and intention) before the intervention. The adolescents in the experimental group reported higher scores for the cognitive variables compared with the control group (P=0.001). The results related to refusal skills and stalling risk suggestions indicated that the educational intervention increased these skills at the end of study (P<0.05).   Conclusion : The findings revealed that an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior results in the formation of refusal skills and stalling risk suggestions related to HIV/AIDS behaviors among male adolescents.  Received: 27 Aug 2012   Accepted: 10 Nov 2012  }, Keywords = {Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), AIDS, Adolescents, Education}, volume = {25}, Number = {78}, pages = {1-13}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1363-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1363-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {SharifiNeyestanakND, and GhodoosiBoroojeniM, and SeyedfatemiN, and HeydariM, and HoseiniAF,}, title = {Self Esteem and its Associated Factors in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={  Background & Aim: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) as a progressive disorder can deteriorate body image and the feeling of attractiveness and influence patients’ self-esteem through changing their cognitive experiences and attitude towards their body. Accordingly this study was conducted with aim of assessing self esteem and its related factors in patients with MS.   Material & Methods: It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The subjects (n= 395) were recruited by convenience sampling from Multiple Sclerosis Society in Tehran. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory was used as data collection tool. Data was analyzed by independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation coefficient, chi-square test and post hoc Scheffe test using SPSS-PC (version 16).   Results: The mean score of self-esteem was 17/5 ± 53/20. Most patients had moderate self-esteem, and only a small percentage of them (16.2%) had high self esteem. There were significant relationship between the patients’ self-esteem and their age, educational level, marital status, employment status and the duration of disease (P<0.05) .   Conclusions: Nurses are able to consider the patients’ esteem needs by recognition of high risk groups and provide appropriate interventions to improve the quality of life of these patients and their families.  Received: 3 Sep 2012   Accepted: 10 Nov 2012  }, Keywords = {Self -Esteem, Multiple Sclerosis}, volume = {25}, Number = {78}, pages = {14-22}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1364-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1364-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Rafii, F and ShamsikhaniS, and ZareiM, and HaghaniM, and ShamsikhaniS,}, title = {Burnout and its Relationship with the Nurses’ Characteristics}, abstract ={  Background & Aims : A number of studies have been done on the topic of nurses’ burnout. However social and cultural context of caring institutes and the characteristics of nurses working in these centers would add to the knowledge about this organizational behavior. Accordingly this study aims at identifying the frequency and intensity of nurses’ burnout and its relationship with nurses’ characteristics in hospitals affiliated to Arak University of Medical Sciences.   Material & Methods: It was a descriptive correlational study. Two hundred nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Arak University of Medical Sciences were recruited by Stratified probability sampling with proportional allocation. The instruments included Demographic information questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t- test, chi-square , and ANOVA using SPSS-PC (v. 16).   Result : The findings revealed that 39.5% and 37% of nurses have reported high levels of frequency and low levels of severity of emotional exhaustion respectively. The majority of nurses (75%) reported high levels of personal accomplishment frequency and 70% of them reported high levels of personal accomplishment severity. Nurses also reported low levels of frequency (47%) and intensity (45%) of depersonalization. Significant relationship was found between frequency of emotional exhaustion and sex (p=0.05), severity of emotional exhaustion and sex (p=0/05), and severity of depersonalization and age (P =0/04).   Conclusions: Identification of work place stressors in order to prevent emotional exhaustion, and also providing conditions for continuous job promotion and experiencing personal success for nurses working in Arak city is recommended.  Received: 15 Sep 2012   Accepted: 13 Nov 2012  }, Keywords = {Nurse, Burnout, Characteristics, MBI, Arak}, volume = {25}, Number = {78}, pages = {23-33}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1365-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1365-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {AminiL, and GhorbaniB, and SeyedfatemiN,}, title = {Mental Health of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and some of its Socio-demographic Determinants}, abstract ={  Background ;Aim: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is among the common endocrine disorders that not only affect physical aspects of women’s health but also can create manifestations such as anxiety and depression. In this study, we examined the mental health and some of its socio- demographic determinants among Iranian women suffering from PCOS.   Material & Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 184 women suffering from PCOS who referred to selected infertility centers of Tehran during 2010-2011. Mental health status of the subjects was evaluated by the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28) and analyzed using chi-squared test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS-PC (v. 14).   Results: The mean (SD) age of the women was 27.75 (5.37) years. Considering a cut-off point of 24 for the GHQ-28 questionnaire, 91.3% of the subjects had an abnormal score. The abnormal scores were in the subscales of social withdrawal (91.3%), somatic symptom (89.1), anxiety (75%), and depression (33.7%). There were a significant relationship between age and anxiety subscale, occupation and depression subscale, and body mass index and depression subscale(p<0.05).   Conclusion: This study revealed that women with PCOS are at risk of psychological disorders, especially in social withdrawal domain. Thus referring these women to appropriate consultation centers for screening psychological disorders is strongly recommended.Received: 13 Sep 2012Accepted: 1 Dec 2012 }, Keywords = {PCOS, Mental Health, Socio- Demographic Determinants}, volume = {25}, Number = {78}, pages = {34-41}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1377-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1377-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {MoghimianM, and SalmaniF,}, title = {Comparative Study of the Influence of Communication Skill with Psychiatric Patients using Wilkinson- Shimizu Method and Traditional Method on Anxious Thoughts of Nursing Students}, abstract ={  Background & Aims : The process of communicating with psychiatric patients by nursing students can indicate the extent of their social interaction in the future . Since communicating with these patients is more difficult than others and is often associated with anxiety , the present study was designed to determine the effect of communication skill with psychiatric patients using Wilkinson- Shimizu method and traditional method on anxious thoughts of nursing students.   Material & Methods: It was a quasi- experimental study with before-after design. The sample consisted of 51 undergraduate nursing students in Najafabad branch of Azad University of Isfahan who were recruited during 2011-2012 academic year by purposive sampling and then were randomly assigned into either experimental or control groups during their mental health clinical practice . The experimental group received training about Wilkinson- Shimizu method and the control group received training by traditional method. Data was collected by the Persian version of Anxious Thought Inventory (AnTI) and analyzed by SPSS-PC (v.17) using mean and standard deviation of the groups and paired t-test.   Results: The mean score of anxious thoughts significantly decreased in experimental group (p<0/05). In control group, the mean score of anxious thoughts significantly increased (p=0/004). Before and after difference of mean scores of anxious thoughts after training with two methods was significant (P=0/005).   Conclusion: The findings revealed that using Wilkinson- Shimizu method for communication with psychiatric patients affects anxious thoughts of nursing students. Therefore, it is recommended that managers of nursing schools pay more attention to teaching these communication skills and clinical practice about communication with psychiatric patients in nursing curriculum.  Received: 6 Sep 2012   Accepted: 31 Oct 2012    }, Keywords = {Communication skills, Psychiatric patient, Anxious thoughts, Nursing student, Wilkinson- Shimizu Method }, volume = {25}, Number = {78}, pages = {42-51}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1378-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1378-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {JamshidiOrakR, and AlibeikMR, and BananiGH,}, title = {A Survey on the Levels of Evidence of Nursing Theses and Dissertations in Type 1 Medical Universities of Iran, 1991-2010}, abstract ={  Background & Aims: Availability of scientific research at high levels of evidence, provide an appropriate context for evidence-based nursing. This study aims to identify the levels of evidence of nursing theses and dissertations in type-one medical universities of Iran in a period of twenty years.   Material ;Methods: This is a descriptive survey on 1810 nursing theses and 54 dissertations. The abstract and/or method section of the theses and dissertations during 1991-2010 was reviewed and then their levels of evidence were determined by comparing these data with the table of evidence-based research assessment. Descriptive analysis on data was performed using SPSS-PC (v. 16).   Results: A large percentage of the theses (60.7%) and dissertations (92.6%) were at the 6th level of evidence. First and 5th levels of evidence were not seen in Masters Theses, and none of the 1st, 4th and 5th levels of evidence was found in PhD dissertations. The lowest percentages (1.9%) of theses were situated at the 4th level. Only 7.4% of the dissertations were at the 2nd & 3rd levels of evidence. The trend of theses and dissertations during this period revealed that the 6th level of evidence is dominant. However, during 2005- 2010 the trend changed into performing research at the 2nd & 3rd levels of evidence.  Conclusion: The results revealed that the majority of theses and dissertations in all educational fields and faculties are at the lowest (6th) level of evidence during the studied period. Thus, regarding the importance of evidence-based practice for increasing the quality of nursing care, investigating approaches to promote and improve the level evidence of nursing theses and dissertations is recommended.  Received: 18 Sep 2012   Accepted: 6 Dec 2012}, Keywords = {Evidence–based nursing, Master of Science thesis, PhD. Dissertations, Level of Evidence}, volume = {25}, Number = {78}, pages = {52-61}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1380-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1380-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {AsadiNoghabiA, and AlhaniF, and PeyroviH,}, title = {The Concept of Health in Elderly People: A Literature Review}, abstract ={  Background ;Aim : The elderly population is increasing day by day. So it is essential to attend to the health status of this age group for their health promotion and disease prevention. Accordingly having a clear definition of health concept in aged people is necessary.   Material ;Methods : In this study, a comprehensive and in-depth narrative review was carried out by searching the data bases of SCOPUS, PUBMED, PROQUEST, SCIENCE DIRECT, ISC, IRANDOC, MAGIRAN with the key words of "health, the elderly wellbeing, health measurement, health assessment and health status" alongside with the words, "elderly, aging, old people" without limitation of years.   Results: The main approaches toward the concept of health according to available literature were medical and functional models. The medical model holds that physical examination is required for determining the health and wellbeing of elderly people and their health-related needs and the functional model proposes that the things expressed by an elderly can be the best index for their health status and their required supportive systems. It has been indicated that the perceived health by elderly people is a global and useful index which shows their health level and also interacts with social and biological components.   Conclusion : The exploration of health and wellbeing among elderly people has a more mental nature than other age groups. Consequently, the investigation of wellbeing among the elderly must not only be restricted to its medical aspects.  Received: 15 Sep 2012   Accepted: 10 Dec 2012  }, Keywords = {Concept of Health, the Elderly, Narrative review }, volume = {25}, Number = {78}, pages = {62-71}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1381-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1381-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2012} } @article{ author = {Adib-HajbagheryM, and Rajabi-BeheshtabadR, and AbasiA, and Azizi-FiniE,}, title = {The Effect of Massage Therapy by a Nurse and the Patient’s Companion on the Anxiety of Male Patients Hospitalized in CCU: A Clinical Trial}, abstract ={  Background & Aim: Anxiety can change the heart rate and also increase the myocardial oxygen demand and the risk of mortality in patients with heart diseases. This study aims to examine the effects of massage therapy by a nurse or the patient's companion on anxiety of the male patients admitted in coronary care unit.   Material & Methods: An RCT was conducted on three randomly allocated groups (massage by a nurse, massage by a patient’s companion, and control group) of male patients admitted to coronary care units of Kashan’s Shahid Beheshti hospital (n=30). In the intervention groups, total body massage was done for 60 minutes. The third group (control) did not receive any intervention. Data was collected using Spillberger anxiety inventory and was analyzed by SPSS-PC (v.11.5), using Independent t-test, paired t test, One-way ANOVA, Tukey test, Chi-square, and Fisher exact test.   Results: The mean scores for the Stat and Trait anxiety of the two intervention groups were significantly decreased after the massage therapy sessions (p0.05). However, significant differences were found between the mean scores of stat or trait anxiety of the two intervention groups and the control group (P<0.05).  Discussion: Considering the effect of massage therapy on decreasing the level of anxiety and finding no difference between the effect of massage by nurses and patients’ companions, massage therapy by the patients’ companions can be used as an anxiolytic method in CCU patients.  Received: 5 Sep 2012   Accepted: 10 Dec 2012   }, Keywords = {Therapeutic Massage, Anxiety, Patients’ Companion, Coronary Care Unit}, volume = {25}, Number = {78}, pages = {72-83}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1383-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1383-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2012} }