@article{ author = {Ahmadi,Z,}, title = {Investigating the implementation of mother and infant rooming method after delivery in academic hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (1993)}, abstract ={  In this descriptive study, we investigated how mother and infant rooming method after delivery are implementing in academic hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1993. In this research, fifteen wards include post delivery ward, surgical ward that mothers after cesarean section hospitalized in them and jointed ward that mothers who underwent cesarean section and normal vaginal delivery hospitalized concurrently, are employed. Non randomized and purposeful sampling was used. Data gathering tool was observation and checklist sheet. Checklist sheet has 36 questions according to specific purposes of research. Findings of this study are presented in 16 tables and descriptive statistic was used for data analysis. Results showed that in more than half of these wards, mother and infant rooming method was implemented and in majority units, infants protected in separate beds. Units were not used beds with side rail for mothers and this method was applied for primipara, multipara and also for mothers with serum injection, fever, pain and mothers has tolerated cesarean section. In all units, infant apgar score in first and fifth minute and body temperature are considered but necessary information about infants’ heart beat, respiration and cyanosis were not available. In none of units, visitors didn’t have to washing their hands and wearing gown. Majority of units, held educational sessions for their nursing personnel but in a few units enough personals exist for response to questions. None of units give any brochure or pamphlet to mothers. Findings revealed that from fifteen units in morning shift, only one unit and in afternoon shift, two units encounter to personnel shortage. There is not any personnel shortage in night shift. In majority of units, mothers in first hour after delivery didn’t have breast feeding.}, Keywords = {Rooming method, Cesarean section, Normal vaginal delivery }, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {5-11}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {بررسی نحوه اجرای روش هم اطاقی مادر و نوزاد پس از زایمان در زایشگاهها و بیمارستانهای آموزشی دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی شهر تهران}, abstract_fa ={  این پژوهش یک مطالعه توصیفی است که به منظور بررسی نحوه اجرای روش هم اتاقی مادر و نوزاد پس از زایمان در زا یشگاهها و بیمارستانهای آموزشی دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی واقع در شهر تهران، سال 1371 انجام گرفته است. در این تحقیق تعداد واحدهای مورد پژوهش 15 بخش پس از زایمان، بخش جراحی که مادران پس از سزارین در آن بستری و بخش توام که هم مادران سزارینی و هم زایمان طبیعی بستری شده اند مد نظر بوده است. برای انتخاب نمونه ها از روش نمونه گیری غیر تصادفی و مبنی بر هدف استفاده شده است. ابزار گردآوری داده ها مشاهده عینی پژوهشگر و پرکردن برگه فهرست موارد بوده است. برگه فهرست موارد شامل 26 سوال که براساس اهداف ویژه طرح ریزی شده است. یافته های اینپژوهش در 16 جدول تدوین و جهت بررسی واحدهای مورد پژوهش از آمار توصیفی استفاده شده است.   نتایج بیانگر آن است که در بیش ازنیمی از واحدها نوزاد را در کات جداگانه نگهداری کرده و هیچکدام از واخد ها برای مادران از تختهایی که دارای میله کناری هستند استفاده نکرده اند و این روش برای کلیه مادران نخست زا، چند زا و همچنین برای مادرانی که دارای سرم، تب، درد و سزارین شده اند نیز اجرا می شود. در کلیه واحدها به آپگار دقیقه اول و پنجم و درجه حرارت نوزاد توجه می نمایند ولی در رابطه با میزان ضربان قلب، تنفس و سیانوز نوزادان اطلاعات مورد نیاز در دسترس نبوده است. در هیچ کدام از واحدها ملاقات کنندگان هنگام دیدار از مادر ملزم به شستی دستها و پوشیدن گان نبوده اند. اکثریت واحدها کلاسهای آموزشی جهت کادر پرستاری گذاشته اند ولی تنها در تعداد معدودی از وماحدها، پرسنل کافی جهت پاسخگویی به سوالات در محیط حضور داشته اند و هیچ کدام از واحدها بولتن یا جزوه ای در اختیار مادران قرار نداده اندو همچنین یافته ها نشان دادند که از 15 واحد مورد پژوهش در شیفت عصر 2 واحد از نظر پرسنل کمبود داشته اند ولی در شیفت شب هیچ گونه کمبود مشاهده نگردید و در اکثر واحدها مادران در ساعت اول پس از زایمان نوزاد خود را شیر نمیدادند.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1159-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1159-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Vakilian,G,}, title = {Investigating the effect of sodium bicarbonate solution on onset and duration of anesthesia with the use of adrenaline solution in surgical patients undergoing epidural anesthesia}, abstract ={In this quasi-experimental study, we assess the effect of sodium bicarbonate solution on onset and duration of anesthesia with the use of lidocaine and adrenaline solution in surgical patients undergoing epidural anesthesia}, Keywords = {Regional anesthesia, Sodium bicarbonate solution, Lidocaine and adrenaline solution, Epidural anesthesia}, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {12-13}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {بررسی تاثیر محلول بیکربنات سدیم بر زمان شروع و مدت اثر بیحسی ناشی از محلول آدرنالین بیمارانی که به روش بیحسی اپیدورال تحت عمل جراحی قرار میگیرند.}, abstract_fa ={پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه نیمه تجربی است که به منظور بررسی تاثیر محلول بیکربنات سدیم بر زمان شروع و مدت اثر بیحسی ناشی از محلول لیدوکائین همراه با محلول آدرنالین در بیمارانی که به روش بیحسی اپیدورال تحت عمل جراحی قرار گرفته اندانجام شده است}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1160-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1160-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Farahaninia,M,}, title = {Vital systems, Grand body systems: Cardiovascular systems}, abstract ={Unstable angina has progressive process and even in rest time, it happens frequently. It is a serious situation and 15-20 percent of patients are dying in duration of one year. Treatment: patients often hospitalized because observation of their reactions to treatment is easier in hospital. Treatment plan must be explain for them carefully. When patient’s situation due to anxiety is critical, benzodiazepines may be useful. If there is not any contraindication, we may be use β-blockers with or without nifedipine.}, Keywords = {Cardiovascular systems, Unstable angina}, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {14-21}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {دستگاههای حیاتی دستگاههای ارشد بدن دستگاه قلبی عروقی}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1161-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1161-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Hajikazemi, ES}, title = {Pregnancy? Attention to these points}, abstract ={If all pregnant women worry about their fetus, worries of pregnant nurses are more serious and actual. Which groups of women have more chance about hydatidform mole, amniotic fluid embolism or Sheehan’s syndrome? Fortunately, these complicated problems are very rare but what about daily injuries due to infectious diseases, radioactive substances, anticancer drugs and other chemical substances? Also, when you change position of patients, you may be injured. These instances can jeopardize your health and fetus. There are some worthy points that if you consider them, protect yourself and your fetus from any damage}, Keywords = {Pregnancy, Pregnant nurse, Safety points in pregnancy}, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {22-25}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {حاملگی}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1162-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1162-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Entezari,A,}, title = {Determination of post general anesthesia complications in recovery room in patients undergoing elective surgery}, abstract ={  This survey investigates post general anesthesia complications in recovery room in patients undergoing elective surgery in one of the hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences.}, Keywords = {General anesthesia, Anesthesia complications, elective surgery, Recovery room }, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {26-28}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {بررسی تعیین عوارض پس از بیهوشی عمومی در اطاق بهبودی در بیمارانی که به صورت اکتیو تحت عمل جراحی قرار میگیرند.}, abstract_fa ={این پژوهش یک مطالعه زمینه ای است که به بررسی و تعیین عوارض پس از بیهوشی عمومی در اطاق بهبودی در بیمارانی که به صورت اکتیو تحت عمل جراحی قرار میگیرند در یکی از بیمارستانهای دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران میپردازد}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1163-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1163-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Salemi,S,}, title = {Clinical education and its problems}, abstract ={  There are two strategies that increasing skill of nursing students: heuristic method and concept map. These methods correlate theoretical and operational lessons effectively. Different researches and experiments showed that students, who have educated with these methods, have more ability to attain skills than the other students. This subject is not a novel idea. Even Tyler has applied this theory from 1949. American nursing association has confirmed and supported this theory in 1987 because believed that it elevate scientific level of students. Also, different researches indicated that students, who educated with this method, enjoy true nursing skills. Yura & et al. (1986) confirmed and supported this theory. They believed that when student find method of patient’s care and know reasons of every work, she/he has found precise and stable method for enhancement of her/his knowledge and skill quality.}, Keywords = {Clinical education, Nursing education, Nursing knowledge, Nursing skill}, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {29-31}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {چگونگی آموزش بالینی و مشکلات آن}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1164-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1164-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Moshkbid,M,}, title = {Health education of schools Hope for goal attainment “health for all up to 2000}, abstract ={The slogan of WHO in 1986 is “healthy life, victory for all”. It shows more confirmation and attention to positive personal and social activities in direction of health maintenance and health promotion. But in the world that anticipating near one billion people added to young and adolescent population up to 2000 and majority of them live in undeveloped countries and don’t access to health facilities, how we can hope for “health for all up to 2000” ? International socio-economical office of world health statistics (1987), had calculated worlds’ population, 4.837billion people (1.174 billion in developed countries and 3.663 billion in developing countries) in 1985 and 6.122 billion people (1.277 billion in developed countries and 4.845 billion in developing countries) in 2000. Population growth percent in developed countries are 24.3 and in developing countries are 75.7 in 1985 and this growth in developed countries are 20.9 and in developing countries are 79.1 in 2000}, Keywords = {Health education, School health, Health for all, WHO}, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {32-35}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {آموزش بهداشت مدارس، امیدی در جهت نیل به هدف}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1165-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1165-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Ziani,F,}, title = {Educational needs of primary school children about accident prevention}, abstract ={Accidents are one of the mortality reasons and most important agents of disability in primary school children. In this research, educational needs of 10-12 years old children who studied in fourth and fifth class in governmental primary schools of Tehran city about accident prevention are assessed by questionnaire. Results showed that majority of children had correct performance and had low educational needs about accident prevention related to passing across the street, automobile riding, bicycle riding, using of igniting instruments, playing with perilous toys, playing in unsafe places and swimming. Also, statistical tests showed that boys in comparison with girls had more educational need. When age and educational level of mothers are increased, educational needs of them are reduced. Also, when number of children and birth rank of child are increased, educational needs of them are increased}, Keywords = {Educational needs, Accident prevention, School age children}, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {36-41}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {نیازهای آموزشی کودکان دبستانی در رابطه با پیشگیری از حوادث چگونه است؟}, abstract_fa ={  حوادث یکی از علل مرگ و میر و اصلی ترین عامل نقث عضو در کودکان سنین دبستان می باشند. در تحقیق فوق نیاز آموزشی کودکان 12-10 ساله مشغول به تحصیل در کلاسهای چهارم و پنجم دبستانهای دولتی شهر تهران، در رابطه با پیشگیری از حوادث با استفاده از پرسشنامه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج حاکی از آن بوده که اکثر کودکان از عملکرد صحیح و در نیاز آموزشی کمی در رابطه با پیشگیری از حوادث حین عبور از خیابان ، اتومبیل سواری، دوچرخه سواری، استفاده از وسایل آتش زا، بازی با اسباب بازیهای خطر آفرین، بازی در مکانهای نا امن و آب تنی برخوردار بودند. همچنین آزمونهای آماری بیانگر آن بود که پسران در مقایسه با دخترها دارای نیاز آموزشی بیشتری هستند. بعلاوه با افزایش سن و افزایش میزان تحصیل مادر کودکان، نیاز آموزشی آنها کاهش یافته و با افزایش تعداد فرزندان خانواده و رتبه تولد کودک، نیاز آموزشی آنها نیز افزایش یافته است.}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1166-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1166-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Bordbar,L,}, title = {The first ten days}, abstract ={I am a community midwife and working in a health sector in south of England. My work scope is very wide and includes different types of parents with different specifications. Many of them are young and primipara. I am working as community midwife for ten month. After start of my work, I gained complete knowledge for giving enough information about preconception cares to mothers. Many of clients obtained necessary information about pain and pre-eclampcia and eclampcia from reading of book. However, postnatal cares are very obvious but usually, explanations and advices about them are forgotten and even books don’t attend to them}, Keywords = {Community midwife, Health education, Midwifery}, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {42-43}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {ده روز اول}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1167-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1167-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Farzanegan,Z,}, title = {How to fight myasthenia gravis fatigue}, abstract ={When stretcher came to unit and I was put in my bed, nursing personnel of surgical ward said to me hello. I had seen their face from yesterday night when they were transferring patients from emergency ward to this unit.  In that time, I had the role of emergency ward assistant manager. Today, I am a weak patient that even is unable for smallest movement. Cause of my admission to hospital is muscle paralysis that has engendered by diphenhydramin (benadryl) consumption. I had eaten this drug for relief of allergic reaction related to scan’s contrast substance use. My disease diagnosis was myasthenia gravis. All of these problems started four years ago and short time after my twin girls born. Every time I embraced my children, my arms most weakened and I had fatigue feeling.}, Keywords = {Myasthenia gravis, Fatigue, Muscle paralysis, Muscle weakness}, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {44-45}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {چگونگی مبارزه با خستگی ناشی از میاستنی گراو (MG)}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1168-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1168-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Asemi,S,}, title = {Liver transplantation}, abstract ={However, history of liver transplantation has started in 1963, but after discovery of anti-rejection drugs such as cyclosporine in 1980s, this method has experienced. From 1984 more than 3000 patients underwent surgery and just 1680 patients in 66 liver transplantation centers have operated in 1988. Every patient suffers from severe liver diseases and is in terminal stage of this disease, must be observed in liver transplantation center for assessment and evaluation of treatment. Assessment includes history taking and usual liver examinations. Examination is necessary for ABO compatibility (for comparison liver donor and recipient) and screening for diagnosis of hepatitis and AIDS. Ultrasonography is performing for liver circulation assessment. Also, liver span is estimating by CT-scan. When all of diagnostic tests gathering, medical team categorizing patients who need to liver transplantation}, Keywords = {Liver transplantation, Liver disease, Hepatitis}, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {46-53}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {پیوند کبد}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1169-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1169-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Aria,N,}, title = {Kidney transplant patients’ diet}, abstract ={Diet of patient who has tolerated kidney transplantation is differing from the past. Knowing about this subject, help patient choose proper diet. Patient may be has many questions about his/her diet that must be considered. Do you need to special diet? Yes, after kidney transplantation, diet playing important role. You understanding that attention to diet after transplantation are easier than dialysis time. Drugs which I using them, affecting on my diet? Exactly, your diet is affected by drugs you eating after surgery. These drugs is using in order to prevention of transplantation rejection syndrome. Some of these drugs are: steroids (prednisone), cyclosporine, and azathioprine. When you eating these drugs, may be you need change your diet.}, Keywords = {Kidney transplantation, Diet, Nutrition }, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {54-57}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {رژیم غذایی در بیمارانی که پیوند کلیه شده اند}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1170-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1170-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Farzanegan,Z.,}, title = {Nursing plans for prevention of sexually transmitted diseases}, abstract ={Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are a significant problem in Canada and have many personal and financial effects on the society. STDs are very prevalent in adults and adolescents who are very sexually active. Women are more affected by these diseases and after many years, appear in the shape of infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and cervical cancer. Majority of women never know about her infection but in many cases STDs are preventable with contraceptive methods and curable with antimicrobial drugs. Many documents have presented by national health and wellbeing section about guidelines for diagnosis and prevention of STDs in children and adults and finally reduction of prevalence of STDs and its effects.}, Keywords = {sexually transmitted diseases, Infectious diseases, Nursing plan}, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {58-61}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {تدابیر پرستاری در پیشگیری از انتقال بیماریهای آمیزشی}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1171-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1171-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} } @article{ author = {Dannandeh,F,}, title = {Lumbar puncture}, abstract ={Lumbar puncture is one of the most common methods for assessment of central nervous system. Allen is illustrating the role of nurses in relation to probable fears about this technique. Question: what is lumbar puncture? Answer: this technique is proper method that one needle and trocar enter to subarachnoid space in lumbar spine. This method is most common diagnostic test for central nervous system. Question: what is the goal of lumbar puncture? Answer: diagnostic goals are: a) attaining of one sample of CSF for laboratory analysis b) measuring of lumbar CSF pressure c) contrast injection for radiologic diagnosis. Therapeutic goals are: a) direct drug injection in subarachnoid space (Intrathecal) b) extracting of CSF for decreasing of intracerebral pressure (ICP).}, Keywords = {Lumbar puncture, Assessment of central nervous system, Subarachnoid space injection}, volume = {9}, Number = {10}, pages = {62-66}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, title_fa = {بذل مایع نخاعی کمری}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1172-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-1172-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {1995} }