@article{ author = {B.Seyedamini, and A.Moradi, and A.Malek, and M.Ebrahimi-Mamaghani,}, title = {The Role of Watching TV. in Obesity and Behavioral Problems in Children}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Obesity and overweight as risk factors for many health-related problems have shown an increasing trend in most countries in recent years. Increase in watching television in childhood has been associated with adverse effects on health and behavior in children. Low physical activity due to television viewing is known as a risk factor for childhood obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relatioship between obesity/behavioral problems and television viewing in girls of elementary schools in Tabriz city, Iran.   Matrials and Method: This descriptive comparative study was conducted with a study sample consisting of 300 students girls (7-11 years old) of elementary schools in Tabriz city, selected based on Body Mass Index by stratified random sampling. The data about television viewing were obtained from parent reports using demografic questionnaire and behavioral problems in children were assessed using Child Behavior Check List. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 11.5).     Results : The results showed that student girls in overweight and obese groups were viewing television more than those in group of normal Body Mass Index and had lower levels of activity competency.The results suggests a positive and statistical significant association between obesity/overweight and viewing television (r =0.16 ,P<0.005).The children who were viewing television more than 2 houres per day, had a greater Body Mass Index (P<0.011). The length of viewing television had a statistical significant correlation with somatic complaints in children (r =0.153 ,P=0.008).   Conclusion: As watching television for long times is associated with overweighting in children, it is suggested to parents for decreasing television watching time as a preventive method of overweighting.  }, Keywords = {Television Watching - Behavioral problems - Activity competency – Obesity Overweight}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {8-14}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-890-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-890-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {H.Peyrovi, and MT.Sareban, and Z.Mohebbi-Nubandeghani, and M.Rambod,}, title = {Dietary and Fluid Adherence in Hemodialysis Patients}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Adherences to fluid restriction and dietary and medication guidelines are essential for adequate management of hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to assess the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum potassium (K) and serum phosphorus (PO4) levels and interdialytic weight gain (IWG) accounted for adherence of uremic patients on hemodialysis.   Material and Method: It was a descriptive - correlational study in which 200 patients with renal failure and on hemodialysis, being treated at teaching hospitals of Iran University of medical sciences, participated in the study. The subjects were selected by census sampling method. Blood urea nitrogen, serum potassium and phosphorus levels and interdialytic weight gain of uremic patients were collected from medical charts and were analyzed by SPSS, version 14.   Results: Most of the patients (56%) had non-adherence with fluid restrictions. The levels of phosphorus, potassium, and blood urea nitrogen were higher than expected levels in 25.5 %, 5.5% and 4.5% of patients, respectively. In addition, there were relationships between blood urea nitrogen, serum potassium, serum phosphorus levels and interdialytic weight gain with educational status (p ≤ 0.05), however, there were no statistically significant correlation between the levels of these variables with gender, age, financial status, marital status and duration of dialysis (p > 0.05).   Conclusion: According to the findings, most patient had adherence to dietary and medication regimen and educational level of patient was associated with adherence. Dietary compliance may be improved by dietary counseling and education may motivates patients to change and comply with dietary recommendations. Therefore, another study to evaluate effect of dietary counseling techniques on adherence in dialysis patients is suggested.}, Keywords = {Compliance - Fluid and dietary adherence – Hemodialysis - Renal failure}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-891-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-891-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {K.Arfaei, and Z.Soofi-Abadi,}, title = {Midwifery Students, Perspectives about Their Motivation for Choosing Midwifery as a Career}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Motivation is an internal feeling that provokes, sterenghtens and finally leads behaviors. For activities such as learning, there are various incentives drives. The aim of the present study was to identify the motivational factors in choosing midwifery as a career form perspectives of midwifery students studying at Semnan Azad University, Iran, in 2010.   Materials and Method: This descriptive study was conducted with a sample of of 120 midwifery students of Semnan Azad University. The subjects were selected by census sampling method. Data were collected by a questionaire whose validity and reliability were provided. Data were analyzed by SPSS program.   Results: "Career interest" and "having a career with suitable spare times" were, respectively, the most and the least important motivational factors in choosing midwifery as a career. "Social perestige" and "job opurtunities" were not important motivational factors in choosing the midwifery career.   Conclusion: It can be concluded that only personal motivation, morality and the nature of the occupation is important in choosing midwifery career and ideal social status and meeting life standards do not have any impotance. Authorities should search for solving occupational problems and shed light to real position of the proffesoin to provide more job openings for the youth.}, Keywords = {Motivation – Midwifery as Career – Choosing}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {23-28}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-892-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-892-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {M.Shabany-Hamedan, and J.Mohmmad-Aliha, and R.Shekarabi, and AF.Hosseini,}, title = {The Relationship Between Medication Adherence and Quality of Life in Renal Transplant Patients}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Post-kidney transplant survival relies on patient adherence to the intake of immunosuppressive medication. Non-adherence to immunosuppressive drugs leads to rejection, graft loss, dialysis, lower quality of life, increased costs and mortality. Quality of life may be useful to identify non-adherence. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between medication adherence and quality of life in renal transplant patients.   Materials and Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 230 patients who were more than 18 years old and at least 3 month elapsed from their graft participated. Data were collected by Immunosuppressant Therapy Adherence Scale (2005) and Quality of Life in Kidney Transplant Patient questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 15.   Results: Finding showed that the mean score and standard deviation of quality of life were 21.65 and 4.039, respectively, and 57.8% of patients were non-adherent. A statistically significant and indirect relationship was found between adherence and quality of life (p < 0.001, rETA=0.23). Conclusion: Regarding the results that showed the relationship between adherence and quality of life in patients, nurses should consider immunosuppressant adherence in teaching and caring as a health promoting strategy.}, Keywords = {Medication adherence - Immunosuppresants - Quality of life – Renal transplantation}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {29-34}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-893-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-893-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Rafii, F and M.Soleimani, and N.Seyed-Fatemi,}, title = {Concept Analysis of Participation of Patient with Chronic Disease: Use of Hybrid Model}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Approaches to professional health care have changed along with changes in health measures and progression of chronic diseases. Patient participation is an international golden standard in new nursing paradigm. Despite the importance of patient participation and its routine usage in professional care, this concept is not clear, especially in social and cultural context of Iranian nursing. The purpose of this study was to clarify the meaning of patient participation and determine its critical attributes in chronic disease within the nursing context in Iran.   Materials and Method: Concept analysis of this concept was conducted using hybrid model. Hybrid model has three phases: theoretical, field work and final analytical phase.   Results: Literature review in theoretical phase determined the attributes of the concept including establishing mutual relationship, giving way to control and responsibility, shared information and knowledge, active engagement in activities, and profit from this engagement. Filed work phase determined attributes such as mutual confidence, harmony between patient and nurse, setting the stage, giving responsibility to patient, patient empowerment, and organizational factors. In the final analytical phase, the critical attributes of participation of patient with chronic disease including connection by means of mutual confidence, yielding control and responsibility, sharing information and knowledge, active engagement in self care activities, setting the stage and empowerment of patient to engage in self care was determined.   Conclusion: Concept analysis of patient participation revealed the required conditions for participation of patients with chronic diseases in nursing care. In the meantime, this concept is a new and complex one within the context of our nursing, which requires further study of social and cultural context of health care area.}, Keywords = {Patient participation - Nursing care - Chronic disease - Concept analysis - Hybrid model}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {35-48}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-894-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-894-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mirzaei, T and Ravary, A and Hanifi, N and Miri, S and Oskouie, F and MirzaeiKhalilAbadi, S}, title = {Addicts\' Perspectives about Factors Associated with Substance Abuse Relapse}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: It has been known for many years that there is a high risk of relapse after treatment of drug abuse. This has made addiction more complicated. Knowledge of related factors allows the health care professionals to initiate much broader, client – centered, relapse prevention strategies.   Materials and method: This study had a descriptive design. The sample comprised 200 addicts who all were male and had at least one relapse episode after treatment. Data were collected by structured face-to-face interviews. The related factors to relapse are divided in two groups as individual and environmental factors. The intensity of related factors was asked as "not any", "a little", "medium" and "very much".   Results: The results showed that 33.5% of the subjects had 1 relapse, 38% 2-3 relapse and 28.5% more than 3 relapse. َ Also, 53% of them relapse in less than 3 month after treatment. Only 12% could avoid drug use for more than 1 year. The mean time of abstinence was 6.3±3 month. According to Friedman test, insomnia and temptation were the most important individual factors (P<0.000), and simple access to drugs, family conflicts and noncompliance with treatment were the most important environmental factors (P<0.000).   Conclusion: With respect to results, since psychological factors were the most important (mean= 1.6 ± 0.5), mere detoxification is not efficient enough and may end in client’s relapse. Treatment services should be developed further and strengthen relapse prevention and relapse coping skills among drug misuser’s and pschological health is the first thing that should be notified by them.}, Keywords = {Substance Abuse - Substance Abuse Treatment - Relapse}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {49-58}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-895-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-895-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {MAghajani, and SValiee, and ATol,}, title = {}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Death is a phenomenon even thinking about which can produce anxiety. Death anxiety in staff nurses can be influential on their communication with and quality care delivery for dying patients and also affects nurses' job satisfaction and mental health. The aim of this study was to determine death anxiety in nurses working in critical care and general wards and related factors.   Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study in which 387 nurses (155 nurses working in critical care wards and 232 nurses working in general wards) from a teaching hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were recruited by census sampling. Demographic information sheet and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale were used to collect data. Then the data were analyzed using Chi-square, T-test and regression .   Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between mean score of death anxiety of nurses working in critical care (8.30 2.4 ) and those working in general wards ( 8.26 2.1 ). Death anxiety was correlated with some variables such as marital status (p=0.046), organizational situation (p=0.001) and the ward which nurses now worked (p=0.02), but it was not significantly correlated with age, sex, shift, care of end stage patients, and partnership in patient resuscitation.   Conclusion: Death anxiety affects physical and emotional aspects of nurse's life, thereby affecting process of caring. Results showed that death anxiety was higher in critical care nurses and they faced more dying and death than general ward nurses. So, they need special attention about death anxiety and its causes, and require institutional support to enable them for providing quality care for patients.}, Keywords = {Anxiety - Death anxiety – Nurses}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {59-68}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-896-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-896-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {MAghdami, and FAlhani,}, title = {Obstacles to Implementation of Professional Pediatric Nursing}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: The basic role of nurses is the restoration of health through caregiving activities. The nurses can do all of their responsibilities if they are informed of duty description. One of the most important duties of nursing service head is to prepare staff nurses and to ensure their performance to achieve assigned activities. The aim of this study was to determine obstacles to implementation of professional pediatric nursing job description�in the pediatric hospitals located in Tehran, Iran.   Materials and method: This research was a descriptive study in which 63 staff nurse and nurse manager, working in pediatric hospitals, were recruited by proportional stratified random sampling. The research instruments were a demographic data sheet and self-report questionnaire about obstacles to implementation of professional duties.   Results: The mean age of the subjects was 33.92±8.92 years, the mean years of experience was 9.19±8.46, and the mean years of work experience in pediatric unit was 7.97± 7.42. All the subjects were female, out of which 74.6% were staff nurses and the remaining were nursing managers. The results showed that the most important obstacles were, “the improper ratio of nurses to patients” (management dimension), “shortage of continuing and in-service education courses” (educational dimension), “the lack of space for doing professional duties” (environmental dimension), and finally, “inadequate recreational facilities for nursing personnel” (motivational dimension).   Conclusion: For overcoming the abovementioned obstacles, some strategies were developed and scored and finally, the most salient strategy, “establishing a national committee for review, reassessment and implementation of professional pediatric nursing job description” was considered to be executed.}, Keywords = {Professional job description – Obstacles - Professional pediatric nursing - Job description}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {69-79}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-897-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-897-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} }