@article{ author = {BorjianBorujeni, Marzieh and Inanlou, Mehrnoosh and Heidari, Mohammad and Nikkhah, Mehdi and Haghani, Shima and Khachian, Alice}, title = {The Effect of Written Expression on Severity of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders that significantly affects patients' quality of life. This study aimed to determine the effect of written expression on the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with IBS.  Materials & Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted in 2019 on 71 patients with IBS who were referred to the gastrointestinal clinics of Firoozgar and Rasoul Akram hospitals in Tehran, were selected using a continuous sampling method based on inclusion criteria and randomly (permuted block randomization) assigned to two control and intervention groups. A questionnaire on demographic characteristics and symptom severity index (SI-IBS) was completed by both groups. A white booklet with a particular format was given to each participant to express their emotions in writing in the intervention group. A weekly written expression of the patient's feelings for 15-30 min was done at home for one month. After one month, the SI-IBS questionnaire was completed again by both groups. Finally, the questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS v. 16 software. Results: After the intervention, the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to before the intervention (P= 0.016). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of gastrointestinal symptoms in the experimental and control groups one month after the intervention (P= 0.438). Conclusion: Execution of written expression in this study did not cause a statistically significant difference in the score of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome but was associated with a decrease in the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients in the experimental group. This non-pharmacological intervention can be considered a practical and easy method and pharmacological treatment for patients with this syndrome.}, Keywords = {Irritable bowel syndrome, Written expression, Severity, Gastrointestinal symptoms}, volume = {34}, Number = {133}, pages = {2-15}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, doi = {10.32598/ijn.34.5.1}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3375-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3375-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {dehghani, Fahimeh and Bahari, Zahr}, title = {The Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in the Relationship Between Job Stress and Psychological Wellbeing of Nurses}, abstract ={Background & Aims: One of the health-related problems in the workplace is job-related stress. Nursing is one of the professions in which nurses experience a lot of stress. Long-term work stress harms nurses' physical and mental health and reduces their psychological well-being. One of the variables that seem to explain this relationship is cognitive flexibility. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between job stress and psychological well-being with the mediating role of cognitive flexibility. Materials & Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional correlational study. The statistical population included all nurses working in hospitals in Isfahan in 2019. Using a cluster sampling method, four hospitals in Isfahan (Kashani, Chamran, Khorshid, and Hojjatieh) were randomly selected. Then four wards were via lottery method selected from each hospital, randomly and 150 questionnaires were distributed among all of the nurses of those wards. The research tool consisted of four questionnaires. 1- Demographic questionnaire 2- HSE Job Stress 3- Short Form of Ryff Psychological Wellbeing Questionnaire 4- Cognitive flexibility. To analyze the data, SPSS software version 16 and the proposed steps of Baron and Kenny were used by the hierarchical regression method. Results: The regression analysis results showed that in the first stage, job stress with beta (β = -0.42) is a significant predictor of psychological well-being. In the second stage, job stress and cognitive flexibility variables predicted psychological well-being with beta (β = -0.21 and β = 0.54), respectively. Since the beta of job stress decreased in the second stage compared to the first stage, the partial mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between job stress and psychological well-being was confirmed. Conclusion: Most people can cope with stress for a short time, but chronic stress causes changes in physiological and psychological status, the consequences of which can decrease psychological well-being. It seems that some factors play a mediating role in the relationship between job stress and psychological well-being, including cognitive flexibility, which was examined and confirmed in this study. In this regard, it is suggested that sessions be held with the aim of cognitive training flexibility to nurses, and its effectiveness on increasing psychological well-being is examined.}, Keywords = {Job stress, Cognitive, Mental health, Psychological, Nurses}, volume = {34}, Number = {133}, pages = {16-27}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, doi = {10.32598/ijn.34.5.2}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3220-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3220-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Fazljoo, Seyede Elham and Nasiriani, Khadijeh and Zamani, Najme and Azimpor, Somaye}, title = {Nurses\' Perceptions of Ethical Climate, Ethical Reasoning, and Moral Courage in the Hospital}, abstract ={Background & Aims: The ethical climate of nurses' work environment makes the nurse achieve higher levels of ethical reasoning by participating in decision making. Although making decisions is essential, responding appropriately to situations and overcoming fear requires moral courage. The study aimed to determine the nurses' understanding of the hospital's moral climate, reasoning, and moral courage. Materials & Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive performed on 87 nurses working in Meybod and Ardakan hospitals in March 2020. The Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS), Nursing Dilemma Test (NDT), and Professional Moral Courage (PMC) questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, v. 16, and descriptive and analytical statistics of Pearson, independent t-test. Results: The age range of participants was 24-50 years, with a Mean±SD of 32.97±7.26. The average score of ethical climate was 83.72±17.42, moral reasoning was obtained at 45.00±6.91, and moral courage was 45.55±6.04. Significant differences were found between gender and perception of the Ethical Climate (P=0.03). But other individual characteristics of nurses were not significantly different from the studied variables (P> 0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, the average score of the three variables of nurses' perception of the ethical climate in the hospital, Moral Courage and moral reasoning, was higher than the average score that It reflects the appropriateness of the Ethical Climate in the hospital and the desirable ability of nurses to deal with moral tensions and critical situations. According to the results, the average score of the three variables of nurses 'perception of the Ethical Climate in the hospital, Moral Courage, and moral reasoning, was higher than the average score, which does not indicate the appropriateness of the moral atmosphere in the hospital and nurses' ability to cope with moral tensions. However, due to the need for continuous upgrading and improvement of organizations and human resources working in it, it is suggested to improve the Ethical Climate of hospitals by planning and using appropriate interventions and to promote Moral Courage and moral reasoning in nurses.}, Keywords = {Ethical Climate, Moral reasoning, Moral Courage, Nurse}, volume = {34}, Number = {133}, pages = {28-39}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, doi = {10.32598/ijn.34.5.3}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3163-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3163-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ghanbari, Shahram and Sadeghi, Homa and Amini, Leila and Haghani, Shim}, title = {Comparing General Health and Happiness in Elderly Women With and Without a Spouse Referring to Health Centers in Bandar Abbas, Iran, in 2018}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Given the increasing elderly population in Iran, it seems necessary to pay attention to the general health of the elderly women without a spouse, who constitute a significant percentage of the elderly population in Iran. This study aimed to compare the general health and happiness of elderly women with and without a spouse referred to Bandar Abbas health centers in 2018. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 390 elderly women with and without a spouse, using the quota cluster sampling method. Data were collected using three questionnaires (demographic, Goldberg and Hillier's General Health, and Oxford Happiness) and were processed using SPSS software v. 21.  Results: In this study, out of 260 elderly women with a spouse, 218 (83.8%), and out of 130 elderly women without a spouse, 83 (63.8%) were under 70 years old. Most women without a spouse (67.6%) and a spouse (65%) have 5 to 9 children. About half of women in the two groups (48.5% in the group with a spouse and 50% in the other group) had primary education, most (94.2% in the group with a spouse, and 95.4% in the group without a spouse) were housewives. In terms of economic status, most of the two groups (61.5% of each group) were at a moderate level. The two groups were homogeneous regarding demographic variables except for age and years of living with a spouse (P<0.001).  Conclusion: The results showed that the average general health score in both groups was lower than the cut-off points for the whole test (23), which indicates the excellent health level of most of these women. But the average health score in this study is higher than the results of the Yazdani study in Tehran. (Yazdani, 2010), and Nejati study in Qom (Nejati, 2005). The study also found that the mean happiness score was higher in married women, but this difference was not statistically significant. (P=0.17). Other factors besides having a spouse, such as the quality of marital life, also play a role in the mental health of older women.}, Keywords = {General health, Happiness, Elderly women}, volume = {34}, Number = {133}, pages = {40-53}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, doi = {10.32598/ijn.34.5.4}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3193-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3193-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Reza and Mardani-Hamooleh, Marjan and AshghaliFarahani, Mansoureh and Ghaljeh, Mahnaz and Haghani, Shim}, title = {The Relationship Between Spiritual Wellbeing With Medication Adherence in Hypertensive Patients Referred to Selected Heart Clinics of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, 2020}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Epidemiological changes have made chronic diseases increasingly important. Hypertension is also known as a chronic disease. The high prevalence of hypertension has made the disease a significant health problem in communities. Spiritual health has been proposed as one of the health indicators and predictors of self-care in chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the relationship between spiritual health and adherence to the treatment regimen in patients with hypertension. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, 121 patients with hypertension were selected by continuous sampling method from cardiac clinics affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2020. The study data were collected through demographic information form and validated Ellison and Paloutzian spiritual health and Hil-Bone diet adherence questionnaires. For data analysis, we performed the statistical tests of the Spearman, independent t test, Chi-square, and analysis of variance in SPSS version 16. Results: This study shows a significant and negative relationship between spiritual health and adherence to the treatment regimen in patients with hypertension (P=0.001, r=-0.05). Conclusion: As spiritual health increases, adherence to the treatment regimen in patients with hypertension decreases. Spiritual health in this group of patients leads to less adherence to the treatment regimen.}, Keywords = {Spiritual wellbeing, Medication adherence, Hypertensive patient}, volume = {34}, Number = {133}, pages = {54-65}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, doi = {10.32598/ijn.34.5.5}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3260-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3260-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Azadi, Amir and Mosleh, Sorour and Alimohammadi, Nasrollah and Tansaz, Zarrin and Kheirollahi, Narges}, title = {The Effect of Education by Visual Self-assessment on the Operating Room Technician\'s Knowledge, Self-esteem, and Performance in Advanced Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is one of the most critical medical emergencies. The effect of trained and skilled people on resuscitation has been positive. This study aimed to investigate the impact of visual self-assessment training on the level of knowledge, self-esteem, and performance of operating room personnel in the field of advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation.  Materials & Methods: This Semi-experimental pre-test, post-test single-group study was performed with the participation of 32 operating room technicians. The intervention was in the form of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation workshop and takes a video from resuscitation operation on the model by each of the participants and then replays the video for self-assessment. Knowledge, self-esteem questionnaire, and self-assessment performance checklist were given to each participant to complete before, immediately after, and eight weeks after intervention. At the same time, a performance observation checklist was completed for them by the researcher. Data were analyzed by SPSS v. 16 software, and repeated measures analysis, Greenhouse-Geisser and Bonferroni post hoc test, and paired t-test were used. Results: Data analysis was performed on 28 operating room technicians participants in the study. Demographic data of participants showed 89.29% were female, 67.86% had a bachelor's degree in the operating room, and the mean age of participants was 39.37 years. The comparison of the mean scores of operating room technicians' knowledge and self-esteem three times was significant (P<0.001). Also, the comparison of the mean performance self-assessment score and the mean performance score observed immediately after and eight weeks later were significant (P<0.001).  Conclusion: Visual self-assessment method effectively increases the knowledge, self-esteem, and performance of operating room technicians in the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Especially since their self-esteem and performance will be indelible. }, Keywords = {Self-assessment, Knowledge, Self-esteem, Operating room technicians, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation}, volume = {34}, Number = {133}, pages = {66-81}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, doi = {10.32598/ijn.34.5.6}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3316-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3316-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Vanoni, Sahar and Salmani, Fatemeh and Jouzi, Mi}, title = {The Effect of Sensory Stimuli With a Familiar Voice and Patient’s Auditory Preferences on the Level of Consciousness of Brain Injury Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units}, abstract ={Background & Aims: Most patients with brain injury experience coma based on the severity of the lesion. One of the complications that threaten patients with coma in intensive care units is the risk of sensory deprivation. Frequent sensory stimulation can be helpful in rehabilitation and increasing the level of consciousness of these patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of sensory stimuli with a familiar sound and patient’s auditory preferences on the level of consciousness of patients in coma admitted to intensive care units in selected hospitals in Ahvaz City, Iran. Materials & Methods: The present study is quasi-experimental that was performed on 45 patients admitted to the intensive care unit of selected hospitals in Ahvaz City in 2021. Sampling was performed for six months. The patients who met the inclusion criteria were divided into two intervention groups and one control group by the permutation randomization method. For patients of the first group (hearing stimulation with a familiar voice) and the second group (auditory stimulation with the patient’s preference voice), recorded sound was played with a tape recorder for 15 minutes for 3 days twice a day (6 times in total) at 10 AM and 3 PM. Routine care and sounds were provided for the control group. The level of patients’ consciousness in three groups was measured by GCS scale 15 minutes before and 15 minutes after the intervention. Results: The study results showed that the mean level of consciousness of the auditory preferences and familiar voice groups after the intervention was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference between the two groups of auditory preferences and familiar voice (P>0.05). Conclusion: Considering that the effect of a familiar voice and auditory preferences has been more than unfamiliar sound, it is recommended to provide a program of auditory stimulation with familiar voices and auditory preferences for comatose patients in intensive care units. }, Keywords = {Brain injury, Consciousness, Glasgow Coma Scale}, volume = {34}, Number = {133}, pages = {82-95}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, doi = {10.32598/ijn.34.5.7}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3304-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3304-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ali-Mohammadi, Mansour and Samadi, Ali and Jadid-Milani, Maryam}, title = {The Effect of Exercise on Sleep Quality in the Elderly Undergoing Hemodialysis}, abstract ={Background & Aims The elderly population in the world as well as in Iran is growing, which may lead to a significant increase in chronic diseases, especially kidney failure and its related complications such as sleep disorders; this can result in disturbance of daily activities and poor quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of exercise during dialysis on sleep quality in the elderly people undergoing hemodialysis. Materials & Methods This is an experimental study that was performed on 30 elderly people undergoing hemodialysis (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) in Ghiasi Charity Center in Tehran in 2010-2011. Demographic information form, cognitive abilities screening instrument-short form and Pittsburg sleep quality index were used for data collection. In the experimental group, aerobic and resistance exercise was performed for 8 weeks and 3 times a week during dialysis. In the control group, routine care was performed and no additional intervention was implemented. Results In comparison with pre-test (before the first week), at post-test (after the eighth week) the quality of sleep improved significantly in the experimental group (P<0.0001), but in the control group the sleep quality scores decreased significantly (P=0.001), which suggests the quality of sleep was worsened. Between group comparisons revealed that at baseline there was a significant difference between groups and the control group had better sleep quality (P=0.035), but in the post-test sleep quality was significantly in the experimental group (P<0.0001). Conclusion As exercise had a positive effect on sleep quality in elderly people under hemodialysis, it seems that it may be used as a safe low-cost and effective treatment for improving the sleep quality in this population.}, Keywords = {Exercise, Sleep quality, Elderly, Hemodialysis}, volume = {34}, Number = {133}, pages = {96-109}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, doi = {10.32598/ijn.34.5.8}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3329-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3329-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2021} }