Iran Journal of Nursing
نشریه پرستاری ایران
IJN
Medical Sciences
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir
108
journal108
2008-5931
2008-5931
10.52547/ijn
fa
jalali
1400
3
1
gregorian
2021
6
1
34
130
online
1
fulltext
fa
بررسی عوامل مرتبط با آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد مادران نوپا در پیشگیری از حوادث خانگی
The Influential Factors in the Awareness, Attitude, and Practice of Mothers with Toddlers in Preventing Domestic Accidents
پرستاری
nursing
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مقدمه و هدف:</span></span></strong> <span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">حوادث خانگی اولین علت مرگ و معلولیت در کودکان است. </span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">اثر بخشی برنامههای آموزشی بهداشت در زمینه پیشگیری از حوادث خانگی به مقدار زیادی بستگی به داشتن اطلاعات دقیقی از آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد مادران در این زمینه دارد.</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین عوامل مرتبط بر آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد مادران نوپا در پیشگیری از حوادث خانگی صورت گرفت.</span></span><br>
<strong><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">روش بررسی</span></span></strong><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">:</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه توصیفی همبستگی بود که بر روی 280 مادر کودک</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نوپای مراجعه کننده به مراکز سلامت جامعه </span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">در سال 1398</span></span> <span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">صورت گرفت. افراد از طریق نمونهگیری چند مرحلهای انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع آوری اطلاعات پرسشنامههای سابقه آسیب و پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بر اساس آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد در خصوص پیشگیری از حوادث خانگی بود که توسط نمونهها تکمیل شدند و دادهها به وسیله </span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">آزمون</span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">های کولموگروف- اسمیرنوف، آزمون همبستگی اسپیرمن، آزمون من ویتنی و آزمون کراسکال والیس و توسط نرمافزار</span></span> <span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">SPSS </span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نسخه 16 مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند.</span></span><br>
<strong><span style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">یافتهها:</span></span></span></span></strong> <span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">مادران در خصوص نگرش (</span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">6/4 </span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">±</span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> 8/18</span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)، پائینترین (ضعیف) و در زمینه آگاهی (</span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">5/1 </span></span><span style="font-family:Cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">± </span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">1/18</span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">)، بالاترین میانگین نمرات (خوب) را کسب کردند؛ همچنین </span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">بین سن کودک نوپا و سطح آگاهی، بین بعد خانوار، تعداد فرزندان و سن کودک نوپا با نگرش مادر، بین تحصیلات مادر با آگاهی و عملکرد، بین تحصیلات پدر با آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد، بین وضعیت اشتغال پدر با آگاهی و نگرش، بین وضعیت اشتغال مادر با آگاهی و بین وضعیت نگهداری کودک با نگرش رابطه مثبت و معنیداری مشاهده شد (05/0 </span></span><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">P <</span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">). </span></span><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"></span></span><br>
<strong><span dir="RTL" style="background:white;"><span style="color:black;"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">نتیجهگیری کلی:</span></span></span></span> </strong><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">با توجه به کسب نمرات ضعیف در نگرش و عملکرد توسط مادران</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">، ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺳﻴﻊﺗﺮ به منظور ارتقاء آگاهی، نگرش و </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">عملکرد مادران در خصوص </span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺍﻧﺢ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ</span></span></span><span dir="RTL"><span style="font-family:B Lotus;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"> کودکان احساس میگردد. </span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background & Aims:</strong> Accidents are a chain of events that lead to damage and detectable disease. Although some consider home to be the safest place, about a third of incidents occur at home. One of the high-risk groups in domestic accidents is toddlers. Physiological patterns associated with the developmental stages of toddlers make this group susceptible to such events, so that accidents are the main cause of death in the first five years of children's lives worldwide. Health education programs can empower parents to prevent domestic accidents. On the other hand, the effectiveness of health education programs is mostly dependent on having accurate information about mothers' awareness, attitude, and practice. Considering that more evidence is needed to take necessary measures to implement related interventions, this study aimed to determine the factors related to awareness, attitude, and practice of mothers of toddlers in preventing domestic accidents. <br>
<strong>Materials & Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive correlational study conducted on 280 mothers with toddlers referred to community health centers from April to September 2019. In this study, multistage cluster sampling method was used to collect data. Each area of the north and south regions of Hamadan city was considered as a cluster and two comprehensive health centers were selected from each cluster through simple random method and among the selected comprehensive health centers, mothers were selected through convenience sampling method and based on inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were living in Hamadan city, having at least one toddler, not having a toddler with incurable diseases, and not being pregnant. Also, exclusion criteria included reluctance to continue participation in the study despite the initial agreement. Data collection tools were demographic questionnaires, history of injury, and a researcher-made questionnaire based on awareness, attitude, and practice in preventing domestic accidents that were completed by the samples. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, qualitative content validity was used, and test-retest was used to check the reliability of the instruments. After writing the proposal and approving the plan, the researcher referred to the comprehensive health centers of Hamadan city and identified the mothers of toddlers with inclusion criteria and invited them by telephone or with the help of the staff to participate in the project. All mothers were given the necessary explanations about the objectives, procedure, and duration of the study (6 months), and written informed consent was obtained from them. At the beginning of the study, the subjects were given the data collection tools and the self-assertion questionnaires were completed. In order to provide a calm environment for answering questions, mothers (as representatives of parents) were asked to leave their children to their companions before receiving clinic services (vaccination, and growth monitoring) and answer questions in the educational class of the relevant centers. After completing the questionnaires, data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to ensure normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis to determine the relationship between qualitative demographic variables and awareness, attitude towards behavior and practice, and Spearman correlation test to determine the relationship between quantitative demographic variables with awareness, attitude towards behavior and practice in SPSS 16 software.<br>
<strong>Results:</strong> According to the results, (44.6%) of the mothers of toddlers had a university education and (72.8%) of the mothers were housewives. Also, (58.3%) of toddlers were girls and (46.7%) of parents kept their children in kindergarten. Mean scores of awareness with a value of 18.1 <span dir="RTL">±</span> 1.5 was the highest point obtained by mothers (good), mean scores of mothers' attitudes with a value of 18.8 ± 4.6 regarding the adoption of preventive behaviors were regarded as weak, and the mean score of practice with a value of 24.3 <span dir="RTL">±</span> 10.1 was regarded as good. Also, a positive significant relationship was observed between the age of the toddler and the level of awareness, between the family dimension and the number of children, and between the age of the toddler with the mother's attitude towards behavior, between maternal education and awareness and practice, between father's education with awareness, attitude and practice, between father's employment status with awareness and attitude, between mother's employment status with awareness, and between childcare status with attitude (P <0.05). Among the total number of people surveyed, 15 toddlers were injured in the accident. Burning, poisoning, asphyxia, and drowning were respectively the accidents occurring in the children with a history of injury. (72%) of these cases had resulted in temporary disability and 13 victims were girls. All reported cases had occurred in the age group of one to one and half-year-old toddlers.<br>
<strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the poor average scores in attitude and practice of mothers and also considering the important role of education in promoting preventive behaviors of accidents, it is necessary to educate mothers more in order to improve their awareness, attitude, and practice regarding the prevention of children's accidents. Also, the findings of this study and similar researches in this field can be a guideline for planners and authorities to use the present findings to perform interventions to improve the awareness, attitude, and practice of mothers about the prevention of domestic accidents in toddlers.</div>
عملکرد, حوادث خانگی, کودکان, نوپا
Practice, Domestic Accidents, Children, Toddler
91
103
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2462-8&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
N
Kalvandi
نرگس
کلوندی
10800319475328460026592
10800319475328460026592
No
Department of Nursing, Community Health Nursing, Asadabad Faculty of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran
گروه پرستاری پرستاری، دانشکده علوم پزشکی اسدآباد، اسدآباد، ایران
AH
Gholami
امیر حسین
غلامی
10800319475328460026593
10800319475328460026593
No
Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
گروه پرستاری بهداشت جامعه، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات بیماریهای مزمن (مراقبت در منزل)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران
D
Kamangar
دانش
کمانگر
10800319475328460026594
10800319475328460026594
No
Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران
R
Amini
رویا
امینی
10800319475328460026595
10800319475328460026595
Yes
Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic diseases (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. (Corresponding Author) Tel:08132520182 Email: aminiRoy@umsha.ac.ir
گروه پرستاری بهداشت جامعه، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، مرکز تحقیقات بیماریهای مزمن (مراقبت در منزل)، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران (نویسنده مسئول) شماره تماس: 08132520182 Email: aminiRoy@umsha.ac.ir
F
Biglari
فائزه
بیگلری
10800319475328460026596
10800319475328460026596
No
Chronic Diseases (Homecare) Research Center, Dept. of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
گروه پرستاری سلامت جامعه، مرکز تحقیقات بیماریهای مزمن (مراقبت در منزل)، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران