Volume 35, Issue 138 (October 2022)                   IJN 2022, 35(138): 434-447 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Enayati M, Mardani-Hamooleh M, Farahani Nia M, Haghani S. Relationship Between Spiritual Intelligence and Illness-related Worries in Hospitalized Patients With Heart Failure in Mazandaran, Iran. IJN 2022; 35 (138) :434-447
URL: http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3540-en.html
1- Fatemeh Al-Zahra Medical Education Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
2- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. , mardanihamoole.m@iums.ac.ir
3- Department of Community Heath Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4- Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Full-Text [PDF 5575 kb]   (312 Downloads)     |   Abstract (HTML)  (707 Views)
Full-Text:   (253 Views)
Introduction
Heart failure is one of the most important cardiovascular diseases, affecting 1% of people in their 50s and 10% of people in their 80s. Its prevalence in the world is increasing, which can lead to high mortality, medical costs, and hospitalization. People with heart failure, in addition to physical pain, often experience stress, anxiety, depression, and poor quality of life (QoL). One of the problems in these people is the fear of trying to do daily activities and having doubt and worry about the future. These people are often worried about unwanted changes in their future life due to their illness. One of the variables that can help these patients to have a better life is spiritual intelligence (SI). Patients with high SI can adapt to the disease more effectively. In these people, SI help respond better to treatment process. By using mental capacities of individuals, SI helps them to be aware of the transcendent aspects of their existence and increase meaning in life and knowledge of transcendence. The SI enables people to solve their problems in their lives and achieve transcendental goals. Considering the importance of illness-related worries in people with heart failure and given the importance of SI for them, this study aims to determine the relationship between SI and illness-related worries in people with heart failure in Mazandaran, Iran.
Materials and Methods
This is a descriptive-correlational study. The study population includes all people with heart failure admitted to Fatemeh Al-Zahra Hospital affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Of these, 247 were selected. To collect data, a demographic form (surveying age, sex, marital status, educational level, number of children, economic status, history of smoking, blood pressure, history of diabetes, history of heart attack), King & Decicco’s spiritual intelligence scale, and Bagheri et al.’s illness-related worries questionnaire were used. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation test, independent t-test) were used to analyze the collected data in SPSS v.16. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results
The mean total score of SI was 61.20±16.10 and the mean total score of illness-related worries was 86.70±19.97. Cognitive independence was strongly correlated with all domains of SI, including critical existential thinking, personal meaning production, transcendental awareness, and conscious state expansion. The SI had a significant relationship with gender (P= 0.001), marital status (P=0.014), economic status (P= 0.002), employment status (P=0.018), education status (P= 0.001), insurance coverage (P= 0.001). The illness-related worries had a significant relationship with gender (P=0.001), history of diabetes (P=0.04), marital status (P=0.001), educational level (P=0.044), and insurance coverage (P=0.01). There was a negative significant relationship between illness-related worries and SI (r=-0.608, P=0.001); as the SI decreases, illness-related worries of patients increase.
Discussion
To reduce the illness-related worries of people with heart failure, their SI should be improved using related interventions such as SI training programs. Health care providers can implement their patient care plans in a way that help these people better identify the concepts of SI and illness-related worries. There is a need to use a psychiatrist in inpatient wards for people with heart failure to improve SI and reduce illness-related worries in these patients.

Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines

This study was approved by the ethics committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.IUMS. REC.1399.1109). All ethical principles were considered in this study. The participants were informed about the study objectives and methods. They were also assured of the confidentiality of their information. They were free to leave the study at any time. If desired, the results would be available to them.

Funding
This study is taken from Mohammadreza Enayati's master's thesis in psychiatry at Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.

Authors' contributions
Conceptualization, project administration: Mohamadreza Enayati and Marjan Mardani Hamooleh; Research: Marjan Mardani Hamooleh and Marhamat Farahani Nia; data analysis: Shima Haghani; Editing & review: Marjan Mardani Hamooleh

Conflict of interest
The authors declared no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank all participants for their cooperation.

References
  1. Kurmani S, Squire I. Acute heart failure: Definition, classification and epidemiology. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2017; 14(5):385-92. [DOI:10.1007/s11897-017-0351-y] [PMID] [PMCID]
  2. Choi HM, Park MS, Youn JC. Update on heart failure management and future directions. Korean J Intern Med. 2019; 34(1):11-43. [DOI:10.3904/kjim.2018.428] [PMID] [PMCID]
  3. Mansouriyeh N, PoursharifIi H, Taban Sadeghi MR, Seirafi MR. [The relationship between socioeconomic status and self-care in patients with heart failure: The role of illness related worries mediator (Persian)]. J Nurse Physician War. 2018; 5(17):5-12. [Link]
  4. Yazdanparast E, Davoudi M, Ghorbani SH, Shavakandi FS. Evaluation of the association between family social support and disease-related concerns of patients with heart failure hospitalized in public hospitals in Birjand, Iran in 2018. J Clin Nurs Midwifery. 2019; 8(2):402-13. [Link]
  5. Bagheri H, Yaghmaei F, Ashktorab T, Zayeri F. Relationship between illness-related worries and social dignity in patients with heart failure. Nurs Ethics. 2018; 25(5):618-27. [DOI:10.1177/0969733016664970] [PMID]
  6. Bagheri H, Yaghmaei F, Ashtorabi T, Zayeri F. [Psychometric properties of Illness Related Worries Questionnaire (IRWQ) in heart failure patients (Persian)]. Iran J Psychiatr Nurs. 2014; 2(4):23-33.[Link]
  7. Giannone DA, Kaplin D. How does spiritual intelligence relate to mental health in a western sample? J Humanist Psychol. 2020; 60(3):400-17. [DOI:10.1177/0022167817741041]
  8. Abdollahzadeh R, Moodi M, Allahyari A, Khanjani N. [The relationship between spiritual intelligence and resiliency of patients suffering from cancer in South Khorasan State (Persian)]. Nurs J Vulnerable. 2015; 2(2):15-24.[Link]
  9. Srivastava PS. Spiritual intelligence: An overview. Int J Multidiscip Res Dev. 2016; 3(3):224-27. [Link]
  10. Skrzypińska K. Does Spiritual Intelligence (SI) exist? A theoretical investigation of a tool useful for finding the meaning of life. J Relig Health. 2021; 60(1):500-16. [DOI:10.1007/s10943-020-01005-8] [PMID] [PMCID]
  11. Mangolian Shahrbabaki P, Nouhi E, Kazemi M, Ahmadi F. Spirituality: A panacea for patients coping with heart failure. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery. 2017; 5(1):38-48. [PMID]
  12. Khayyam Nekouei Z, Yousefy A, Taher Neshat Doost H, Manshaee G, Sadeghei M. Structural model of psychological risk and protective factors affecting on quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease: A psychocardiology model. J Res Med Sci. 2014; 19(2):90-8. [PMID]
  13. Noori Saeed A, Salari A, Noori Saeed A, Moaddab F, Roohi L. Spiritual intelligence and its related factors in patients with ischemic heart disease. J Nurs Midwifery Sci. 2014; 1(3):49-54. [DOI:10.18869/acadpub.jnms.1.3.49]
  14. Mohammad Hosseini Nejad S, Malihe Azakerini S, Neshat H. [The correlation between coronary artery bypasses grafting, perceived stress, spiritual intelligence, Islamic lifestyle and social support (Persian)]. J Health Promot Manag. 2018; 7(2):36-43. [Link]
  15. Jafari A, Hesampour F. [Predicting life satisfaction based on spiritual intelligence and psychological capital in older people (Persian)]. Salmand Iran J Ageing. 2017; 12(1):90-103. [DOI:10.21859/sija-120190]
  16. Mirmahdi R, Kamran A, Moghtadaei K, Salamat M. [The role of spirituality and forgiveness in psychological symptoms of coronary heart patients (Persian)]. Posit Psychol Res. 2019; 5(1):17-28. [doi:10.22108/ppls.2019.113404.1547]
  17. King DB, De Cicco TL. A viable model and self-report measure of spiritual intelligence. Int J Transpers Stud. 2009; 28:68-85. [DOI:10.24972/ijts.2009.28.1.68]
  18. Raghib M, Siadat A, Hakiminya B, Ahmadi J. [The validation of King’s Spiritual Intelligence Scale (SISRI-24) among students at University of Isfahan (Persian)]. Psychol Achiev. 2010; 17(1):141-64. [Link]
  19. Norouzi M, Sepehrian Azar F. Comparing spiritual intelligence and emotional expressiveness in psychosomatic patients. J Res Health. 2017; 7(2):745-53. [Link]
  20. Polikandrioti M, Koutelekos I, Panoutsopoulos G, Gerogianni G, Zartaloudi A, Dousis E, et al. Hospitalized patients with heart failure: the impact of anxiety, fatigue, and therapy adherence on quality of life. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis. 2019; 4:e268-79. [DOI:10.5114/amsad.2019.90257] [PMID] [PMCID]
  21. O'Donovan CE, Painter L, Lowe B, Robinson H, Broadbent E. The impact of illness perceptions and disease severity on quality of life in congenital heart disease. Cardiol Young. 2016; 26(1):100-9. [DOI:10.1017/S1047951114002728] [PMID]
  22. Müller-Tasch T, Löwe B, Lossnitzer N, Frankenstein L, Täger T, Haass M, et al. Anxiety and self-care behaviour in patients with chronic systolic heart failure: A multivariate model. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2018; 17(2):170-7. [DOI:10.1177/1474515117722255] [PMID]
Type of Study: Research | Subject: nursing
Received: 2022/02/13 | Accepted: 2022/10/23 | Published: 2022/11/1

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Send email to the article author


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2015 All Rights Reserved | Iran Journal of Nursing

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb