Volume 33, Issue 123 (April 2020)                   IJN 2020, 33(123): 22-34 | Back to browse issues page


XML Persian Abstract Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Hezaveh Z, Mardani Hamooleh M, Seyed Fatemi N, Haghani S. The Effect of Resilience Training on the Psychological Empowerment of ICU Nurses. IJN 2020; 33 (123) :22-34
URL: http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-3161-en.html
1- Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2- Nursing Care Research Center, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3- Nursing Care Research Center, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Corresponding author) Tel: 02143651722 Email: seyedfatemi.n@iums.ac.ir
4- Biostatistics, Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract:   (4412 Views)
Background & Aims: Nurses work in stressful and challenging environments, which threaten their mental health. Among nurses, those in the intensive care units (ICUs) of hospitals are more likely to experience occupational, psychological, and physical stress compared to others. Due to their special working conditions (heavy workload, the need for a quick response to emergency situations, heavy responsibilities of care for critically ill patients, frequent contact with emotional situations, and being in unwanted situations to deliver bad news to the families of patients), these nurses are forced to endure more psychological pressures, which brings up the grave concern of their psychological empowerment being jeopardized. Psychological empowerment in nurses could increase organizational trust and commitment, thereby resulting in job satisfaction, productivity, participation in decision-making, provision of high-quality care, patient satisfaction, self-sufficiency, independence, self-confidence, responsibility, job control, and ultimately organizational effectiveness and occupational stress reduction. Therefore, it seems that nurses working in hospitals (especially in ICUs) need to improve their psychological empowerment. Meanwhile, resilience is one of the factors associated with the psychological empowerment of nurses. Resilience results in the better professional performance of nurses and is also a feature to help them adapt to the stresses of their work environment and improve their professional health. In the current century, nurses need to skillfully develop their resilience as it helps them to overcome their negative experiences and turn them into positive experiences. Therefore, nurses who are exposed to high stress levels could be trained to enhance their ability to overcome these pressures and gain a sense of worth. From a deeper perspective, resilience knowledge is a key to professional development in nursing. It has become increasingly important for nurses to be resilient as resilience with a preventative approach improves their mental health. Resilience training also seems to improve the psychological empowerment of nurses. The present study aimed to assess the effects of resilience training on the psychological empowerment of ICU nurses.
Materials & Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the second half of 2019 on 96 nurses working in the ICUs of the teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. The subjects were selected via convenience sampling. The nurses were non-randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control (48 ​​per each). Data were collected using a demographic data form to measure age, gender, economic status, marital status, employment status, work experience, and type of shifts. In addition, the psychological empowerment scale was used for data collection with the dimensions of sense of competence, independence, effectiveness, and meaningfulness. The validity of the scale was evaluated using the content validity method, and its reliability was confirmed at the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84. Initially, pretest was performed on both groups. The resilience educational program was developed by the researcher based on concepts such as optimism, empathy, humor, problem-solving, coping with stress, self-efficacy, social adequacy, emotional management, and spirituality. The program was held for two hours per day for the experimental group during a two-day workshop. In each session, the presentation of the contents was performed in the form of a lecture with questions and answers, group discussions, and slide shows for the nurses. In addition, the nurses were provided with exercises to improve resilience, and their feedback was assessed during each session. The control group received no intervention. One month after the intervention, posttest was carried out on both groups. After the posttest on both groups, the resilience training contents were also provided electronically to the control group. This article was extracted from a research project approved by Iran University of Medical Sciences. During the research process, the ethical policies of the university were observed, including obtaining informed consent from the nurses. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, independent and paired t-test, Fisher's exact test, and analysis of covariance).
Results: At the pretest stage, significant differences were observed in the scores of psychological empowerment and all its dimensions, with the exception of meaningfulness (P<0.05). At the posttest and after the control of the effects of the confounders, the scores of psychological empowerment and its dimensions were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001). In the experimental group, the scores were significantly higher after the intervention compared to before the intervention (P<0.001), while the scores significantly decreased in the control group (P<0.001). Furthermore, the changes in the scores of psychological empowerment and its dimensions were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group (P<0.001).    
Conclusion: According to the results, resilience training could improve the overall psychological empowerment of the ICU nurses in the four dimensions of sense of competence, independence, effectiveness, and meaningfulness. Considering that nursing is a profession that may threaten psychological empowerment, the use of resilience-based training programs that are low-cost, available, and high-performance could enhance the psychological empowerment of the nursing staff in general and ICU nurses in particular and should be considered by nursing managers.
Full-Text [PDF 1049 kb]   (1447 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: nursing
Received: 2020/01/8 | Accepted: 2020/04/11 | Published: 2020/04/11

References
1. Foster K, Cuzzillo C, Furness T. Strengthening mental health nurses' resilience through a workplace resilience programme: A qualitative inquiry. J Psych Men Health Nurs. 2018;25(5-6):338-48. [DOI:10.1111/jpm.12467] [PMID]
2. Azizi SM, Heidarzadi E, Soroush A, Janatolmakan M, Khatony A. Investigation the correlation between psychological empowerment and assertiveness in nursing and midwifery students in Iran. Nurse Educ Pract. 2020;42:102667. [DOI:10.1016/j.nepr.2019.102667] [PMID]
3. Duff E. A structural equation model of empowerment factors affecting nurse practitioners competence. Nurse Educ Pract. 2019;38:145-52. [DOI:10.1016/j.nepr.2019.06.002] [PMID]
4. Shapira‐Lishchinsky O, Benoliel P. Nurses' psychological empowerment: An integrative approach. J Nurs Manag. 2019;27(3):661-70. [DOI:10.1111/jonm.12726] [PMID]
5. Connolly M, Jacobs S, Scott K. Clinical leadership, structural empowerment and psychological empowerment of registered nurses working in an emergency department. J Nurs Manag. 2018;26(7):881-7. [DOI:10.1111/jonm.12619] [PMID]
6. Heron L, Bruk‐Lee V. When empowered nurses are under stress: Understanding the impact on attitudes and behaviours. Stress and Health. 2020 Apr;36(2):147-59. [DOI:10.1002/smi.2905] [PMID]
7. Ledoux K, Forchuk C, Higgins C, Rudnick A. The effect of organizational and personal variables on the ability to practice compassionately. Appl Nurs Res. 2018;41:15-20. [DOI:10.1016/j.apnr.2018.03.001] [PMID]
8. Li H, Shi Y, Li Y, Xing Z, Wang S, Ying J, Zhang M, Sun J. Relationship between nurse psychological empowerment and job satisfaction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2018;74(6):1264-77. [DOI:10.1111/jan.13549] [PMID]
9. Zhang X, Ye H, Li Y. Correlates of structural empowerment, psychological empowerment and emotional exhaustion among registered nurses: A meta-analysis. Appl Nurs Res. 2018 Aug 1;42:9-16. [DOI:10.1016/j.apnr.2018.04.006] [PMID]
10. Hampton D, Rayens MK. Impact of psychological empowerment on workplace bullying and intent to leave. JONA: J Nurs Administr. 2019;49(4):179-85. [DOI:10.1097/NNA.0000000000000735] [PMID]
11. Browning AM. CNE article: moral distress and psychological empowerment in critical care nurses caring for adults at end of life. Am J Crit Care. 2013;22(2):143-51. [DOI:10.4037/ajcc2013437] [PMID]
12. Nasiripour AA, Nave Ebrahim A, Tabibi SJ, Ebraze A, Izadi AR. Study of psychological empowerment in hospitals of Qom province, Iran. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2013;7(4):56-62.
13. Dehnabi A, Asghari M, Radsepehr H. Evaluation of psychological empowerment components in nurses of educational hospitals affiliated to Sabzevar University of medical sciences. Journal of Health Based Research. 2017;3(2):187-201.
14. Babanataj R, Mazdarani S, Hesamzadeh A, Gorji MH, Cherati JY. Resilience training: Effects on occupational stress and resilience of critical care nurses. Int J Nurs Pract. 2019;25(1):e12697. [DOI:10.1111/ijn.12697] [PMID]
15. Farzi S, Irajpour A, Saghaei M, Ravaghi H. Causes of medication errors in intensive care units from the perspective of healthcare professionals. J Res Pharm Pract. 2017;6(3):158. [DOI:10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_17_47] [PMID] [PMCID]
16. Chow KM, Tang WK, Chan WH, Sit WH, Choi KC, Sally CH. Resilience and well-being of university nursing students in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study. BMC medical education. 2018;18(1):1-8. [DOI:10.1186/s12909-018-1119-0] [PMID] [PMCID]
17. Salimi S, Pakpour V, Feizollahzadeh H, Rahmani A. Resilience and its association with the intensive care unit nurses' intention to leave their profession. Journal of hayat. 2017 Oct 10;23(3):254-65.
18. Ang SY, Hemsworth D, Uthaman T, Ayre TC, Mordiffi SZ, Ang E, Lopez V. Understanding the influence of resilience on psychological outcomes-Comparing results from acute care nurses in Canada and Singapore. Appl Nurs Res. 2018;43:105-13. [DOI:10.1016/j.apnr.2018.07.007] [PMID]
19. Tseng HM, Shih WM, Shen YC, Ho LH, Wu CF. Work stress, resilience, and professional quality of life among nurses caring for mass burn casualty patients after Formosa color dust explosion. J Burn Care Res. 2018;39(5):798-804. [DOI:10.1093/jbcr/irx053] [PMID]
20. Zheng Z, Gangaram P, Xie H, Chua S, Ong SB, Koh SE. Job satisfaction and resilience in psychiatric nurses: A study at the Institute of Mental Health, Singapore. Int J Mentl Health Nurs. 2017;26(6):612-9. [DOI:10.1111/inm.12286] [PMID]
21. Tau B, Du Plessis E, Koen D, Ellis S. The relationship between resilience and empowering leader behaviour of nurse managers in the mining healthcare sector. Curationis. 2018;41(1):e1-e10. [DOI:10.4102/curationis.v41i1.1775] [PMID] [PMCID]
22. Smith GD, Yang F. Stress, resilience and psychological well-being in Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2017;49:90-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.nedt.2016.10.004] [PMID]
23. Lin CC, Liang HF, Han CY, Chen LC, Hsieh CL. Professional resilience among nurses working in an overcrowded emergency department in Taiwan. Int Emerg Nurs. 2019;42:44-50. [DOI:10.1016/j.ienj.2018.05.005] [PMID]
24. Wei H, Roberts P, Strickler J, Corbett RW. Nurse leaders' strategies to foster nurse resilience. J Nurs Manag. 2019;27(4):681-7. [DOI:10.1111/jonm.12736] [PMID]
25. Manomenidis G, Panagopoulou E, Montgomery A. Resilience in nursing: The role of internal and external factors. J Nurs Manag. 2019;27(1):172-8. [DOI:10.1111/jonm.12662] [PMID]
26. Ang SY, Uthaman T, Ayre TC, Lim SH, Lopez V. A Photovoice study on nurses' perceptions and experience of resiliency. J Nurs Manag. 2019;27(2):414-22. [DOI:10.1111/jonm.12702] [PMID]
27. Russo C, Calo O, Harrison G, Mahoney K, Zavotsky KE. Resilience and coping after hospital mergers. Clin Nurs Special. 2018;32(2):97-102. [DOI:10.1097/NUR.0000000000000358] [PMID]
28. Imani B, Kermanshahi SM, Vanaki Z, Kazemnejad Lili A. Hospital nurses' lived experiences of intelligent resilience: A phenomenological study. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(9-10):2031-40. [DOI:10.1111/jocn.14310] [PMID]
29. DeGrande H, Liu F, Greene P, Stankus JA. The experiences of new graduate nurses hired and retained in adult intensive care units. Intens Crit Care Nurs. 2018;49:72-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.iccn.2018.08.005] [PMID]
30. Mirzaeirad SZ, Arsalani N, Dalvandi A, Rezasoltani P, Hoseini SD. The Effect of Resilience Skills Training on Nursing Stress of Nursing Staff in Hospitals of Golestan Province. Journal of Health Promotion Management. 2019;8(2):41-8.
31. Spreitzer GM. Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Acad Manag J. 1995;38(5):1442-65. https://doi.org/10.2307/256865 [DOI:10.5465/256865]
32. Eskandari F, Pazargadi M, Zagheri Tafreshi M, Rabie Siahkali S, Shoghli AR. Relationship between psychological empowerment with affective commitment among nurses in Zanjan, 2010. Preventive Care in Nursing & Midwifery Journal. 2014;3(2):47-60.
33. DuBois CA, Gonzalez JF. Implementing a resilience-promoting education program for new nursing graduates. J Nurs Profess Develop. 2018;34(5):263-9. [DOI:10.1097/NND.0000000000000484] [PMID]
34. García‐Izquierdo M, Meseguer de Pedro M, Ríos‐Risquez MI, Sánchez MI. Resilience as a moderator of psychological health in situations of chronic stress (burnout) in a sample of hospital nurses. J Nurs Scholarship. 2018;50(2):228-36. [DOI:10.1111/jnu.12367] [PMID]
35. Razavi VS. Effectiveness of resilience training on stress and psychological well-being of nurses in a military hospital in Kerman. EBNESINA. 2018;19(4):38-44.
36. Hosseinnejad F, Arsalani N, Rahgoui A, Biglarian A. The Effectiveness of Resiliency Skills Education on Job Satisfaction in Nursing. J of Guilan Univ of Med Sci 2018; 27(105):50-60.
37. Özbas AA, Tel H. The effect of a psychological empowerment program based on psychodrama on empowerment perception and burnout levels in oncology nurses: Psychological empowerment in oncology nurses. Palliative & supportive care. 2016;14(4):393-401. [DOI:10.1017/S1478951515001121] [PMID]
38. Kadivar M, Seyedfatemi N, Zolfaghari M, Mehran A, Hosseinzadeh Z. The Impact of Virtual-Based Education on Nurses'psychological Empowerment in the Level Ii Neonatal Care Unit.. Iranian Journal of Medical Education. 2017;17:102-15.
39. Hagerman H, Engström M, Wadensten B, Skytt B. How do first‐line managers in elderly care experience their work situation from a structural and psychological empowerment perspective? An interview study. J Nurs Manag. 2019;27(6):1208-15. [DOI:10.1111/jonm.12793] [PMID] [PMCID]
40. Öksüz E, Demiralp M, Mersin S, Tüzer H, Aksu M, Sarıkoc G. Resilience in nurses in terms of perceived social support, job satisfaction and certain variables. J Nurs Manag. 2019;27(2):423-32. [DOI:10.1111/jonm.12703] [PMID]

Add your comments about this article : Your username or Email:
CAPTCHA

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

© 2015 All Rights Reserved | Iran Journal of Nursing

Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb