2024-03-28T20:12:27+04:30 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 CRITICAL THINKING IN NURSING EDUCATION M. Hasanpour hasanpour@nm.mui.ac.ir F Oskouie nmsi@iums.ac.ir M. Salsalei According to Richard Paul, critical thinking (C.T.) is a unique kind of purposeful thinking, in which the thinker systematically, and habitually imposes criteria and intellectual standards upon the thinking, taking change of the construction of thinking, guiding the construction of the thinking according to the standards, and assessing the effectiveness of thinking according to the purpose, the criteria, and the standards.  Critical thinking is very different from criticism it is basically a positive activity, and in fact critical appraisal of situations is a positive and necessary process for growth and development within a society or an organization. Critical thinking is not confined solely to learning in higher education, but useful in all adult activities, including the interpersonal relationships and working activities. It is also considered an important aspect of professional practice in health, midwifery and nursing, especially in clinical nursing.  Considering that nursing has changed its orientation from a job towards a profession, nurses, consequently, are diverted from task orientation to skill orientation, which requires certain cognitive and communication skills.  Along with the expansion of the scope of nursing there is an ever-growing demand for the development of critical thinking skills in problem solving and decision making. In response to the need for independent decision making in the clinical setting, nursing education has placed great emphasis on C.T. Therefore, nurse trainers must equip their students with such essential skills.  Brookfield offers a ten-point checklist for teaching C.T.: 1) Affirm critical thinkers’ self-worth 2) listen attentively to critical thinker 3) Show that you support critical thinkers' efforts 4) Reflect and mirror critical thinkers’ ideas and actions. 5) Motivate people to think critically 6) Regularly evaluate progress 7) Help critical thinkers to create networks 8) Be a critical teacher 9) Make people aware of how they learn critical thinking and, 10) Model critical thinking . According to Martin study (2002), “The Theory of Critical Thinking in Nursing” it is shown that C.T, and decision-making abilities increase along with the level of clinical expertise. Thus, the development of C.T. skills is recommend in nursing education. Critical thinking Education Nursing 2005 3 01 7 16 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-13-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 MOTHERS’ HYPERTENSION AND NEONATAL BIRTH WEIGHT M. Madadzadeh fina1350@yahoo.com Z. Feizi ES Hajikazemi H. Haghani  Pregnancy induced hypertension has impacts on birth weight in different gestational ages, and deciding on preventive modalities is mainly based on comprehension of birth weight in different gestational ages. To approach this objective we performed a comparative retrospective study and compared the birth weight of neonates of mothers with and without pregnancy induced hypertension in different gestational ages with the participation of 250 hypertensive and 458 nonhypertensive mothers. Finding revealed significant differences between hypertension in pregnancy and birth weight in 36th and 37th weeks of gestation (P=0.15) and (P=0.019) respectively. The differences varied according the number of pregnancies, for instance, meanwhile, for nulliparas in 36th, 38th, 39th and 41st weeks, it was respectively, (P=0.008), (P=0.022), (0.033) and (P=0.49), in multiparas, with less that 5 pregnancies in 39th week the P value was (0.49), but in women with 5 and/or more pregnancies there was not any significant differences.  According to the findings pregnancy-induced hypertension will results in fetal low weight in different weeks of gestation. So, the researchers recommend useful services to be provided in different weeks of pregnancy. Gestational hypertension Birth weight Gestational age 2005 3 01 17 25 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-14-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 IS HUBBLE BUBBLE SMOKING CORRELATED TO BONE MINERAL DENSITY OF POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN? F. Gheidar gheidarnik@yahoo.com R. Jamshidi A. NajafYarandi Sh. Mokhtarshahi E. Aflaky  Nowadays, parallel to the use of modern technology and various approaches in sanitation and medicine, life expectancy has raised dramatically. So, postmenopausal women can live longer, considering that, the osteoporosis is one of the menopausal complaints.   To determine the correlation between Hubble bubble smoking and bone mineral density of postmenopausal women we conducted a retrospective cohort study in which the bone mineral density of femur neck and lumbar spine of postmenopausal women was investigated. The interviews were done by phone for data gathering.   And 180 women were assigned in two groups of 60 smokers and 120 nonsmokers.   Finding revealed that despite the existence of difference between bone mineral density of Femur neck in smokers and nonsmokers (T=-1.988, P =0.048), variables of parity and level of education played important roles in the results. We also, found that the lumbar spine density was lower in smokers (T=-2.016, P =0.045) and after controlling of confounding variables, the difference was just related to Hubble bubble smoking (P=0.045).   It was concluded that education and parity had greater correlations with bone mineral density of femur neck. This can be due to paying more attention to sanitation among educated women. Also, there was a significant correlation between Hubble bubble smoking and bone mineral density of lumbar spine. Therefore, Hubble bubble smoking can be taken as one of the risk factors of low bone mineral density among postmenopausal women.  Hubble bubble smoking Postmenopausal women bone mineral density of femur neck and lumbar spine 2005 3 01 27 38 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-15-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 QUALITY OF LIFE AND SEVERITY OF STRESS OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS A. Erfani erfanianus@yahoo.com M. Jafarpoor T. Hakimi H. Haghani   Obviously, manipulation of the quality of life of a patient undergoing hemodialysis for her long life is undeniable, on this basis we performed a study in which the quality of lives and its relations with severity of stresses of patients undergoing hemodialysis was identified, and in this correlative study, 97 patients, selected through enumeration sampling method took part. Finding showed that 58.4% of those with semidesirable quality of life had intermediate level of stress. There were also significant meaningful relations between the quality of life and weekly frequency of hemodialysis (P=0.02, T=2.48), and the quality of life and severity of stress (r=0.749). Results of this research revealed that stress declines the quality of life, and in order to improve the living circumstances, physicians and nurses can help a lot, improving social support and welfare is the responsibility of the managers, and nursing educators should consider stress concepts as a fundamental part in their educational programs. Quality of Life Severity of Stress Hemodialysis 2005 3 01 39 48 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-16-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 EMERGENCY WARDS AND PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION LEVEL OF THEIR PATIENTS AND FAMILIES A. Khoshjan R. Mohammadi M. Tamaddonfar F. Hosseini      In all organization that medical services are offered , the fundamental of activity must be based on meeting the needs of the help seekers , so, these kind of institution should be evaluated continuously from the point of their abilities to provide the clients with proper services  So, in order to determine the satisfaction level of the patients and their accompanying ones, we performed a descriptive study in which 800 patients and their visitors (400 patients and 400 visitors), all were selected through continuous sampling method filled up questionnaires. Finding showed that 80.7% of the patients were satisfied from submitted services and 19.3% of them said that they were relatively satisfied. Meanwhile , 68.7% of persons who accompanied the patients were satisfied from services, 31.3% of them showed a relatively satisfaction level. Furthermore , 38.3% of clients mentioned that they were satisfied from the facilities and equipments and 48% of them were relatively satisfied and 0.3% of them said that they were not satisfied at all. The percentages of satisfied , relatively satisfied and not satisfied for those who accompanied the patients from the point of facilities and equipments were relatively 38.3% , 50.5% and 11.3%. The results also showed that those with more than 3 times of referral were more satisfied from services (P= 0.044). The same results were found between those who referred during mornings and nights in comparison with evening shifts (P= 0.018) and it was applicable for social security insurance patients (P= 0.044) but , there were not meaningful relations between patients and their accompanying ones from the point of their satisfaction level of medical services .  Regarding the results the researcher suggests appropriate attention to the use of up to date and advanced equipments in emergency wards. Also, providing in service education for all health workers in critical units is of great importance. Emergency ward Satisfaction level Clients 2005 3 01 49 60 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-17-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS, THEIR COMPLIANCE LEVEL AND ITS’ RELATION TO THEIR HEALTH BELIEFS M. Abbasi S. Salemi N. Seyed Fatemi F. Hosseini    Meanwhile, treatment of hypertension is so easy it is still one of the most important problems of health in developing countries. Those suffering from this problem should understand that it is them, whose compliance to treatment and their health beliefs are two key points in controlling their disease. So, identification the compliance level of hypertensive patients to drug regimens and its relations to their health beliefs. We performed a correlational study with 380 hypertension patients admitted in Tehran heart center, and our tool for data guttering was a questionnaire. Findings showed that %60 of the patients had good compliance levels and the rest %40 were poor regarding drug regimens. In some perceptions such as disease vulnerability intensity of the disease and benefits of compliance the results were %75.8, %88.7, and % 95 respectively. But the concept of %51.1 of the patients of barriers of compliance to drug regimens was at intermediate level. We also, found a meaningful relation between Compliance level and patient’s concepts from intensity of the disease and the barriers of compliance. (P<0.0001) and (P<0.16) respectively. According to the results, which show significant relations between health believes and compliance, it is the nurse, whom can provide opportunities to promote health beliefs of the clients. Compliance Health beliefs Hypertension 2005 3 01 61 68 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-18-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 SEXUAL CHANGES AND RELATED SEXUAL FACTORS IN PRIMIPARA MOTHERS DURING 3 TO 6 MONTHS POSTPARTUM 1384 B. Anise bahare8722@yahoo.com S. Tavoni Z. Ahmade F. Hosseini   Sexual intimacy and function is crucial in family structure and also the culture. In postpartum period some factors such as hormonal, physiological and psychological instability may impose sexual relation of the couples. Assessing the sexual function changes in primipara women and detection of the related factors, we performed a correlational study in which 460 mothers and their health husbands, all were selected by consequence sampling method were the participants. By using chi-square and Fisher exact test, finding showed that there were significant correlation between: 1) sex libido and previous dyspareunia and time of assumption of intercourse, pain and distress in first intercourse after delivery, dispareunia after delivery, 2) sex satisfaction and pain and distress in first intercourse after delivery, dispareunia after delivery, number of intercourse in week during 3-6 months after delivery, 3) sex pleasure and previous dyspareunia and pain and distress in first intercourse after delivery, dispareunia after delivery, 4) orgasm and previous dyspareunia and time of assumption of intercourse, pain and distress in first intercourse after delivery, dispareunia after delivery. (P=0/000-0/004). Over all, The results of the logistic regression test showed that there was no related factors with libido and sexual satisfaction, On the other hand, we found relations between changes in the level of sexual pleasure and the fear of first intercourse after delivery, the changes of the orgasm and the time of assumption of the intercourse, (with 30 days after delivery), the fear of first intercourse after delivery and eventually pain during intercourse. Taking a look on the results of this research, we can conclude that there is a need for teaching sessions for pregnant women before and after delivery, and the researcher also suggest consult clinics to be established for providing information and solving the problems. Sexual satisfaction –Postpartum - Related sexual factors 2005 3 01 69 0 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-19-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND SELF EFFICACY OF THE PATIENTS UNDER HEMODIALYSIS M. Smaeli esmaeiliem@yahoo.com M.Alikhani M. gholamaragi F. Hosseini    Hemodialysis as one of the most popular treatments of chronic renal failure develops lots of alterations in patients life style and life behavior. The patients’ social and psychological performances is mainly under the control of these alterations. Enhancement of the quality of life can be approached easily by promoting self efficacy, So, to develope self confidance in patients which is the first step in promoting self efficacy, nurses can do a lot, a better life for a patient going under hemodialysis is it consequence.   In this correlative Study we defined the correlation between the quality of life and self efficacy of patients under hemodialysis. The research sample included 255 hemodialysis patients, whom were selected by convenience random sampling method.   Based on the finding there was a statistically meaningful relation between the quality of life and self efficacy (P=0.00). We also found that 73.1% of the patients possessed a moderate quality of life level and 71.4% had a moderate self efficacy level. mean score of the quality of life and self efficacy among low educated patients were lower in comparison with educated ones.   While, results showed a meaningful relation between the quality of life and self efficacy, this is the nurse, whom can have a significant impact on enhancement of patient confidence in self care and quality of life promotion. Considering that the majority of the sample group possesses moderate quality of lives and self efficacy which necessitate more attention and endeavor. Quality of life Self efficacy Hemodialysis 2005 3 01 77 84 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-20-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 YOGA FOR HEALTH N. Mahdipour zareh S. Bahri   Practice of Yoga addresses the requirements of physical health and inner peace. Yoga, which has its roots in India, has evolved over the last 2000 years. Yoga helps the body recover from injury and illness and promotes robust health generally. There are many inspiring stories of people who commenced Yoga practice in mid and later life with significant physical improvements. They regained strength, flexibility, vigor and a level of health they thought had passed with their youth. Yoga therapy involves the use of Yoga postures controlled breathing, relaxation, meditation, and nutrition thus, to release emotional and muscular tension, improve concentration, increase oxygen levels in the blood, and assist the body in healing itself. As complementary therapies enter mainstream of medical settings, nurses and other healthcare providers need a fundamental understanding of these modalities to enable them to advise patients effectively. Nursing Yoga Health 2005 3 01 85 91 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-21-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 CARING-ORIENTED RELATIONSHIPS IN STUDENT NURSES’ CLINICAL EXPERIENCE H. Peyravi hpeyravi@hotmail.com M. Yadavar Nikravesh F Oskouie nmsi@iums.ac.ir C. Berterö   Nursing as a practice-based profession requires that the student nurses learn how to become professional in the clinical environment. Many studies have addressed student nurses’ clinical learning and related problems, but few have explored the whole clinical experience of being a student nurse.   This paper is a partial report of the study was planned to understand and gain deeper insight into Iranian student nurses’ lived experience of clinical placement.   Seven student nurses were interviewed about their clinical experience during clinical placement. The researchers analyzed the verbatim transcripts using van Manen’s phenomenological methodology, keeping in mind the recommended six research activities.   One of the most prominent themes emerged was a caring-orientated relationship and captured by four sub themes: How to manage the patient, connected relationship, patient reinforcement, and empathy.   The aim of qualitative research in general and phenomenology in specific is to produce knowledge regarding the phenomenon under study. The knowledge produced in this study would be helpful for other researchers to open other horizons around the phenomenon of student nurses’ clinical experience and also, as a guide for nursing clinical education. Caring-oriented relationship Student Nurses Lived Experiences Phenomenology Van Manen’s methodology 2005 3 01 93 110 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 COPING WITH CANCER IN TEENAGERS AND THEIR PARENTS M. Sanjari sanjarim@yahoo.com M. Jafarppour T. Safarabadi F. Hosseini  The diagnosis and treatment of cancer in adolescence requires that patients and their parents learn to adjust to many illness specifics stresses. Coping has an important role to adolescent's adjustment. Parents are the most important individuals in child's support system therefore they are correlated with the child's coping abilities.   So, determination of the correlation of parents and adolescents between 11-17 years coping with pediatric cancer, a correlation study was conducted within which the correlation of parents and adolescents between 11-17 years coping with pediatric cancer was assessed. Questionnaires were used to gather the data and 120 patients and their real parents took part in this study. Findings showed that there was a positive liner correlation between adolescents engagement coping, (r=0.596,P=0.000) and disengagement coping (r=0.491,P=0.000) with their parents. This relation, regardless of age and gender was existed. And this was more between adolescent between 11-14. Engagement coping was stronger in those between the age of 11-14, meanwhile, between the age of 15 to 17 disengagement coping seemed to be more. Besides girl in engagement and boys in disengagement coping with their parent’s coping was emerged. According to the findings nurses can correct and promote adolescence’s coping strategies by teaching engagement coping to patient’s families and introducing counseling services. Promoting coping strategies, we also recommend that authorities provide extensive legislated plans and designs for counseling and teaching units. Since coping has Multidimential process, the researchers suggest a qualitative study on the same topic. Coping Engagement coping Disengagement coping Cancer 2005 3 01 111 122 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 DEPRESSION IN SOME COLLEGE STUDENTS M. Foroutani foroutani237@yahoo.com   Depression is the commonest psychiatric problem, in college students can be caused by exam anxiety, educational pressures, emotional problems and puberty. The prevalence of depression among students is estimated to be 10.54% to 64.9%. Controlling the problem is the result of first recognizing it in the students and to do so, we selected 134 college students and asked them to complete Beck questionnaire. The score more than 17 was to be diagnosed as depressed. The prevalence of depression in students whom were living in dormitory was 42.5%, also, 41.2% of girls and 45.9% of boys were in different levels of depression. Besides, we found a significant difference between the level of depression and their major, their health and welfare of their dormitory (P>0.05). Moreover, it was shown that in dormitories without a house mother and/or an expert one, the rate of depression was higher. Overall, factors such as not being familiar with the major they had selected, being far from family, felling unsecured for the future career, not having entertainment and welfare in city of Larestan, (where the research is conducted) were the causes of depression, respectively. The researcher recommends calm, happy and clean environments without stressors and with facilities for sports, and entertainments to be provided for university students. Mental health Depression Students 2005 3 01 123 130 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 SLEEP HABITS OF SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN M. Shoghy azitashoghy@yahoo.com S Khanjari F. Farmany F. Hosseini   The quality and quantity of sleep is mainly based on sleep habits. Improper sleep habits are hazardous for health and wellbeing even in adulthood and after that.   So, to determine the prevalence of sleep habits and the relations between these habits and factors such as age, gender, parental education, stress and sleep disturbances, a cross sectional study was conducted with the participation of 900 children between the age of 6-11. The CSHQ questionnaire was the tool for data gathering and both mothers and children filled it up.   According to the findings daytime sleepiness with the score of (13.67±2.77) was the most prevalent habit and the need to be awakened by the parents was the most prevalent behavior (86%). There were significant relations between some habits and age, gender, parental educational level, parentral interrelationship and their sleep disturbances (P<0.05).   To sum up, it is recommended that the authorities deeply look at the sleep habits of children and the disturbances related to their sleep. And also, the researchers suggest similar studies on children of other ages. Sleep habits Children Sleep disorders 2005 3 01 131 138 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-25-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 MARRIED WOMEN AND PAP SMEAR, WHAT THEY KNOW? HOW THEY DO? M. Jalalvandi mahvandi44@yahoo.com M. Khodadoostan   Cervical Cancer is the most common cancer site of female reproduction system and the second common cancer in women in the world. It is the leading cause of cancer death in women in developing countries. High rate of mortality of women with this fatal disease is thought to be the consequence of the lack of screening programs. This study focused on the knowledge of women about Pap smear and also their performance level.   So, with a descriptive cross-sectional way, 788 women were interviewed and questionnaires were completed.   Finding showed that meanwhile, less than half of the respondents were aware of the procedure, only 17.5% of them had done it regularly or with at least less that 36 months intervals. Also, a meaningful significant relation was found between the knowledge level and the performance of the participants (P<0.001).   To sum up, we strongly recommend strict screening programs for cervical cancer and frequent pap smear for women in all ages. We also, suggest the authorities to provide women with proper educational sessions about reproductive system cancer screening activities. Cervical cancer Women’s knowledge level Screening programs 2005 3 01 139 144 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 MATERNAL MORBIDITY WITHIN 45 DAYS AFTER DELIVERY M. Roohi m1_roohi@yahoo.com S. Mohammad alizadeh   It is estimated that about 6 week, after delivery mothers would recover from many change of pregnancy. But, some difficulties will remain and effect daily avidities, child care, household responsibilities and working outdoor are examples of these hardships, mostly, both mothers and health care providers do not pay attention to them. So, health problem after delivery have been called “hidden morbidity”.   Therefore, in a descriptive study the researcher assessed post partum morbidities, and the prevalence of depression and fatigue in this group, and to do so, 1330 mothers were interviewed 45 days after delivery while they referred for the immunization of their babies.   Finding showed that 89% of the sample group pointed on one or more problems within 6 weeks post partum. The problems reported by mothers included: backache (52.7%), headache (49.9%), fatigue (44.4%), constipation (26.6%), postpartum blue (24.1%), breast problem (14.4%), sleep disorder (13.6%), abnormal vaginal discharge (11.1%), hemorrhoids (10.1%), stitches infection (9.6%), urinary tract infection (9.0%), side effect of anesthesia (7.4%), abnormal vaginal bleeding (5.5%), sexual problems (5.4%), urinary incontinence (2.1%), difficulty voiding (2.8%) and other problems (3.4%).   So, with such a large variety of postpartum health problems quality and quantity of care is to be considered. At antenatal care, mother and her family should be educated about post partum health problems, and health care providers should assess mothers thoroughly. postpartum maternal morbidity 2005 3 01 145 152 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-29-en.pdf
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Iran Journal of Nursing IJN 2008-5931 2008-5931 10.52547/ijn 2005 18 41 PARASOMNIAS IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN M. Shoghy azitashoghy@yahoo.com S Khanjari F .Farmany F. Hossaini  Daytime fatigue and somnolence may be the results of parasomnias, and when they occur frequently the problem gets worse, therefore, to examine the prevalence of parasomnias and it’s relationship with, age, gender, parental educational level and parental stress, we performed a cross sectional study with the participation of 900 children for whom, their mothers completed questionnaires.   The most frequent types of parasomnias were restlessness (36.7%), somniloquy (27.9%), and bruxim (26.9%), and some types were related to age, gender, parental education and stress (P=0.005).   Overall, as a great majority of children experience parasomnias at least once a weak, the researchers recommend a study in which, the duration of sleep and daytime fatigue to be assessed, and also, behavioral disorders of children with parasomnias to be evaluated . Sleep disorder Parasomnias Childhood 2005 3 01 153 159 http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.pdf