108 2008-5931 دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران 1577 nursing Polypharmacy and its Related Factors among Elderlies Delshad Noghabi A b Baloochi Beydokhti T c Shamshiri M d Shareinia H e Radmanesh R f b Faculty member, Master in Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran c Faculty member, Master in Medical-Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran d PhD candidate in Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran e MS Student in Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *)Corresponding aauthor .( Tel:09153380020 Email: shareinia.msn@gmail.com f BS in Nursing, 15th Khordad Hospital, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 1 8 2013 26 83 1 9 25 12 2013 25 12 2013  Abstract   Background & Aim: The high prevalence of various diseases in elderly people may cause polypharmacy. Administration of the multiple drugs in elderlies makes them prone to side effects and problems related to drug therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the status of polypharmacy and its related factors among elderlies in Gonabad, 2011.   Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 323 elderlies were selected through random stratified sampling method. Data were collected using a 30-item questionnaire including demographic sheet, drug use pattern and its related factors. Validity and reliability of the first questionnaire was determined using content validity and internal proportion and consistency respectively (α-Cronbach's= 0.72). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square and ANOVA using SPSS-PC (v.19).   Results: Over 72.1% of the subjects were taking medications. The mean number of medications was 4.06 ± 0.3 per day. Polypharmacy was found in 56.6% of the subjects. Polypharmacy had a significant relationship with sex (P <0. 0001), occupation (P = 0.004) and medication adherence (P = 0.017).   Conclusion: According to the findings, polypharmacy is a common problem in the elderlies. Therefore, nurses could play an important role in preventing the risks of polypharmacy in elderly people, through educating seniors and their care givers.   Received: 20 May 2013   Accepted: 24 Aug 2013   
1581 nursing Self-efficacy and its Dimensions in Patients with Intestinal Stoma Rafii F g Naseh L h Parvizy P i g Associate Professor, Center for Nursing Care Research, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran h MS in Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences,Shahrekord, Iran (*Corresponding author). Tell: 09132850361 Email: Ladan.Naseh@gmail.com i Associate Professor in Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1 8 2013 26 83 10 18 30 12 2013 30 12 2013   Abstract   Background & aims: People undergoing ostomy challenge with multiple physical, psychological and social complications. However, Self-efficacy may lead them to the acceptance of stoma, adaptation with it and improve quality of their life. Accordingly the aim of this study was to determine total self-efficacy of stoma patients and its dimensions.   Material & Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 84 patients with ostomy who referred to selected educational centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Ostomy Association (IOA) recruited by convenience sampling. Data were collected using personal information form and Stoma Self-efficacy Scale (Stoma SE Scale) and analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS-PC (v. 15).   Results: The mean score of Self-efficacy dimensions was determined as, Stoma Care (55.8 ± 11.6) and Social (42.1 ± 13.2). The mean score of total self-efficacy was (98 ± 22.6). In stoma care self-efficacy subscale, the highest obtained mean score were related to “prevent having stoma bleeding and damage” (4.5 ± 0.8), “Follow the stoma therapist's instructions for handling the stoma” (4.5 ± 0.9), “Follow the doctor's advice for taking care of your stoma and nutrition pattern”( 4.5 ± 0.8), and the lowest mean score were related to “Take care of the stoma when you are ill” (3.1 ± 1.4). In social self-efficacy subscale the highest and lowest mean score were related to “Tell your close friends about the stoma” (4 ± 1.4) and “Have the same sexual satisfaction” (1.8 ± 1.3) respectively.   Conclusion: The findings of this study can be useful to enhance nurses' knowledge to improve training and supportive interventions for stoma patients and their families.   Received: 22 May 2013   Accepted: 26 Aug 2013 1595 nursing Relationship between Anxiety and Self-concept in Female Adolescents Kheirkhah M j Mokarie H k Nisani Samani L l Hosseini AF m j PhD student of medical education & Faculty member of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran k Research staff, Center for Nursing Care Research. Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (٭Corresponding author). Tel: 09122386046 Email: hodamokari@gmail.com l Faculty Member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran m Faculty Member, School of Management and Medical Information- Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1 8 2013 26 83 19 29 21 01 2014 21 01 2014   Abstract   Background & Aim: Adolescents experience a kind of entrapment with anxiety during maturity period and disregard to the problems associated with adolescence would have negative effects on their health, orientation and self-esteem. Girls have more problems than boys in health aspects, and psychological and social domain due to physiological differences, social roles, and traditions governing the community. This study was performed to determine the relationship between anxiety and self-concept among female adolescents.   Material & Methods: It was a correlational, cross -sectional study that was conducted during 2011-2012 in Tehran. Through cluster sampling, 159 female high schools students were recruited from the 4th educational district . Data was gathered by demographic sheet, Coppersmith’s Self Esteem scale and Spielbergerr Scale and analyzed by descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation coefficient and regression analysis using SPSS-PC (v.16).   Results: The findings showed that %53.5 of the students had moderate anxiety and %63/5 of them had moderate self-concept. In the mean while, %18.3 of the students had severe anxiety or low self-concept. Spearman correlation test determined a negative significant association between the students’ anxiety and their self-concept (p<0.001). No significant relationship was found between the students’ demographics and the intensity of their anxiety by regression analysis. Conclusion: Regarding the relationship between anxiety and self-concept and their effect on mental health, designing and performing appropriate educational interventions to promote students’ mental health is recommended. 1599 nursing The Role of Job Characteristics in Nurses’ Willingness to Customer Oriented Behaviors Dibaji SM n Shahpoori S o Nouri A p n PhD student in Psychology, Psychology Dept., University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran (٭Corresponding Author) Tel: 09396513459 Email: sm.diba@gmail.com o Student of M. A. in Industrial and organizational Psychology, Psychology Dept., University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran p Full prof. Psychology Dept., Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 1 8 2013 26 83 30 38 28 01 2014 28 01 2014   Abstract   Background & Aim: Client centered behaviors and customer orientation are new issues in nursing and hospital literature. The aim of current study was to investigate the role of job characteristics in customer oriented behaviors among nurses.   Material and Methods: It was across-sectional, correlational study. A total of 150 nurses of Alzahra hospital of Isfahan were recruited by stratified random sampling and completed Sims et al., job characteristics Inventory (1976) and Kim et al., Willingness to Customer Oriented Measure (2004). Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation and stepwise multiple regression using SPSS-PC (v.16).   Results: The findings revealed that except autonomy and friendship, all of job characteristics are associated with willingness to customer oriented behaviors (P<0.05). However, using stepwise regression analysis, just job feedback in first step (F= 18.473, P<0.05) and job variety in second step (F=13.507, P<0.05) could predict customer oriented behaviors.   Conclusion: According to the findings, it seems necessary to design the nurse’s task so that nurses can be aware of the outcome of their performance. Also, making variation in the tasks assigned to nurses by methods like job enlargement, job enrichment and job rotation can lead to willingness to behaviors that satisfy patient and their guardians.   Received: 26 May 2013   Accepted: 28 Aug 2013 . 1600 nursing The Relationship between Different Phases of Moon and Students' Emotional States Salmani F Ahmadi faraz M Mansour zadeh Z Department of Nursing, Najafabad Branch ,Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran (٭Corresponding author). Tel: 09133260668 Email: f-salmani@iaun.ac.ir Department of Nursing, Najafabad Branch ,Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran Department of Nursing, Najafabad Branch ,Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran 1 8 2013 26 83 39 47 05 02 2014 05 02 2014   Abstract   Background and Aims: Emotional state is one of the main factors affecting human behavior. Several factors can change people's emotional states. Studies have shown that different phases of moon can affect behavior and emotional state. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim of determining the relationship between different phases of moon and the emotional states among Najaf Abad Azad University students.   Material and Methods: It is a cross sectional study. A total of 50 male students were recruited randomly based on the students’ numbers. Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire was completed by the students in two points when moon had the least (crescent moon) and the most (full moon) distance from the earth. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (t-pair, Pearson and eta correlation) using SPSS-PC (v.17).   Results: The findings showed that the mean score of students' aggression during the full moon was significantly more than the time of crescent moon (P=0 / 04). The mean score of verbal aggression subscale (P<0/001) and fury subscale (P<0 / 001) during full moon was also significantly greater than the time of crescent moon. No significant difference was found between the mean score of the subscales of physical aggression and hostility during the crescent moon and full moon.   Conclusion: The results showed that students have demonstrated more aggressive behaviors during the full moon . Thus students’ and faculties’ attention to this phenomenon is needed. It is necessary for students to learn how to cope with and control anger and aggression. Considering this relationship in educational programs especially during the exams would improve the academic performance of students .    Received: 28 May 2013    Accepted: 31 Aug 2013 1605 nursing Psychosocial Problems of Families Living with an Addicted Family Member Mancheri H Sharifi Neyestanak ND Seyedfatemi N Heydari M Ghodoosi M Master degree in nursing, Buieh School of Nursing and Midwifery, Golestan, University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran Faculty member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Associate Professor, Center for Nursing Care Research, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Faculty member, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahr-e- Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e- kord, Iran (٭Corresponding author). Tel: +98-9131850128 , E-mail: Heidari@Skums.ac.ir Faculty member, Burojen School of Nursing, Shahr-e- Kord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e- kord, Iran 1 8 2013 26 83 48 56 10 02 2014 10 02 2014   Abstract   Background & Aim: Addiction (Substance addicted) as one of the health problems in the present century can influence physical, emotional and social aspects of addicted people and impose psychosocial problems for their families and society. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine social, psychosocial problems in families with an addicted member.   Material & Methods: It was a descriptive, correlational study. The sample consisted of 400 close family members of the addicted people who were randomly recruited. Data was collected by SCL-90 questionnaire analyzed by SPSS-PC (v.16).   Result: The findings showed that most subjects suffered moderate depression (36.8%) and moderate anxiety (36 . 4%). Also 36% of them had low levels of aggression and 35.8% had moderate interpersonal sensitivity.   Conclusion: Based on the findings , it can be concluded that addicted members of families can affect the mental health of other family members . Proposing educational programs by nurses for high risk persons would prevent addiction-induced difficulties by knowledge promotion and behavior change.   Received: 30 May 2013   Accepted: 3 Sep 2013 1611 nursing Relationship between Mood State and Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Shafiei Z Babaee S Nazari A Master degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences,Shahrekord, Iran (*Corresponding author). Tel: 09132886102 Email:shafiee-z@skums.ac.ir Doctoral Student of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Emergency Medical Technician, Isfahan Emergency Medical Services, Isfahan, Iran 1 8 2013 26 83 57 67 16 02 2014 16 02 2014   Abstract   Background & Aim: Regarding to the increasing prevalence of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery and the significant role of psychological factors in quality of life, prognosis and relapse of cardiac disease, the present study is designed to determine the relationship between mood states and quality of life of patients following CABG in 2010-2011.   Material & Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 110 patients undergoing CABG surgery and referred to Shahid Chamran Rehabilitation Center . Data was collected by Mood States (POMS) and Quality of Life (SF-36) Questionnaires and analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation, and analysis of co-variance by SPSS-PC (v. 18).   Results: The overall score mood state was 98.21(36.1) and total score of quality of life was 60.06 (16.1). The findings showed an inverse relationship between mood state and quality of life (r = -0.93 and p < 0.001) this means that by mood improvement ( reduction in mood scores ), quality of life increases and vice versa.   Conclusion: With regard to the significant correlation between mood state and quality of life in this study, it is suggested that nurses design and execute appropriate interventions to promote these patients’ mood states, and in this way help to improve their quality of life. Conducting a longitudinal study of Mood and quality of life in these patients is also recommended.   Received: 1 Jun 2013   Accepted: 4 Sep 2013 1612 nursing The Intermediary Role of Envy in the Impact of Leader- member Exchange on Knowledge Sharing and Uncivil Behaviors Mortazavi S Lagzian M Seyyed Hosseini SS Professor, Management Dept., Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Ferdosi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Associate Professor, Management Dept, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Ferdosi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran M.A in Business Administration, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Ferdosi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, (*Corresponding Author) Tel: +98- 0- 9153237646 E.mail: samirahosseini90@yahoo.com). 1 8 2013 26 83 68 77 17 02 2014 17 02 2014   Abstract   Background & Aims: Leader- member quality of relationship is essentially important because it can incredibly change staff emotions and behaviors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of leader- member exchange and envy on the knowledge sharing and uncivil behaviors of nurses working in Ghaem hospital of Mashhad city.   Material & Methods: It was a survey analysis based on structured equation modelling. Questionnaire was used in order to collect related data (n=110).To collect data related to envy, the quality of leader-member exchange, uncivil behaviors, and knowledge sharing, Vecchio questionnaire, Van Yperen& Janssen questionnaire, Cortina, Magley, Williams &Langhout questionnaire and Lee questionnaire was used respectively.The validity of the questionnaires was assessed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient verified their reliability using SPSS-PC (v.18). Lisrel software based on Structural Equation Modelling method was used to analyze data and testing hypotheses.   Results: The results of the study showed that, all the direct and indirect relationships between model variables are statistically significant except the direct relationship between envy and uncivil behaviors, since the Regression Coefficient is negative (P1 , P2 , P3 : 0/000). The mediating effect of envy in the relationship between leader- member exchange and knowledge sharing, leader- member exchange and uncivil behaviors was also confirmed (P4 : 0/003& P5 : 0/043).  Conclusion: Not only the knowledge sharing and uncivil behaviors are affected by the leader- member exchange, but also decreasing of envy has a positive effect on the growth of knowledge sharing and the reduction of uncivil behaviors.   Received: 3 Jun 2013   Accepted: 7 Sep 2013