دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Iran Journal of Nursing
2008-5931
2008-5931
13
26
2001
4
1
RISK FACTORS IN ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
8
14
FA
F
oskouie
N
H
Ahmadnia
Y
Z
Feizi
N
H
Haghani
N
Background : Ectopic pregnancy is one of the medical and serious threatening problem to women's life at the present time, It's risk factors have discussed since ancient times. Objective : To determine the risk factors of ectopic pregnancy. Design : This research was a case- control study. The information about the case group (ectopic pregnancy) and the control group (normal delivery) were gathered form the medical charts, between 1995 to 2000, and were recorded in the data record sheet that was composed of 4 parts: demographic, individual characteristics, infertility treatment technologies and contraceptive methods. The variables were statistically analyzed in two group. Samples : The all of 290 women with ectopic pregnancy who had been hospitalized in the central and southern districts of Tehran mead the case group and 870 women who had normal delivery at the same time were selected randomly as the control group of this study. Results : The finding showed that there were statistically signification between ectopic pregnancy and following variables: age, parity, the history of pelvic, abdominal and tubal surgeries and pelvic inflammatory disease, history of infertility, smoking and the use of contraceptive methods with the happening of pregnancy concurrently. Conclusion : According to the results of this study, older ages, ground parity, history of ectopic pregnancy, pelvic, abdominal and tubal surgery, pelvic inflammatory disease, history of infertility, smoking and failure of contraceptive methods were confirmed as risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. It is recommended that the risk factors of ectopic pregnancy be assessed in all of pregnant women who come to prenatal care unit in early pregnancy by use of a short questionnaire, It is also recommended to study the risk of each factors by two matched group prospectively.
Risk factors, ectopic pregnancy, treatment methods of infertility, contraceptive methods
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.html
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-255-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Iran Journal of Nursing
2008-5931
2008-5931
13
26
2001
4
1
A STUDY OF EFFECT OF DICLOFENAC ON PERINEAL PAIN AFTER DELIVERY
15
22
FA
Mooshkbid Haghighi, M
N
Hoseini, Z
Y
Ebrahimi, A
N
Haghani, H
N
Background: Pain is nor always the result of illness or trauma it is also a positive experience in labor and delivery. Pain, due to perineal tear and episiotomy causes distress and anxiety and delays the due emotional tie between mother and the new born. The relief of pain with the aid of non steroid anti- inflammatory sedatives like diclofenac suppositories may result in an improved family health and the mother's ability for self and infant care. Objective: To determine the effects of diclofenac suppository on the intensity of post delivery perineal pain. Design: A clinical trial conducted double blind on a random and control group. First, immediately after perineal repair immediately the intensity of perineal pain was measured with a graduated roller and the first dose of rectal suppository was inserted. The pain was measured by the graduated ruller 12 hours post medication insertion and shown to the subject for identifying the intensity of perineal pain at 24 + 3 48+ 3 and 72+3 hours post delivery a zero score on the answer sheet was evaluated as no pain 1-3 in significant 4-7 moderate and 10 intense pain. Samples: A total of 80 women (first or second delivery) with mediolateral episiotomy or a second degree perineal tear participated in the study the age range was 18-35 years. A non probable continuous group was selected and randomly divided in two groups of 40 each (the study- diclofenac and the control – placebo) Results: The mean pain score 12 hours post delivery in the diclofenac group against the placebo group showed a slight significant difference (p=0.08) the mean pain score 48 hours post partum in the two groups showed a significant different (p=0.03) no significant differences were estimated in the scores 24 and 72 hours post partum in the study and the control group . Conclusion: Diclofenac suppositories showed to be effective in decreasing perineal pain 12 and 48 hours post delivery. Even though statistical tests showed no difference 24 hours post delivery in the two groups yet the medication can well be utilized for post delivery perineal pain relief. Since diclofenac 100 M.G. Suppositories were used only twice in this study prescribing more frequent doses may bring better relief for which further research is recommended.
Pain after delivery, diclofenac
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.html
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-256-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Iran Journal of Nursing
2008-5931
2008-5931
13
26
2001
4
1
RISK FACTORS OF BREAST CANCER
23
30
FA
Mahmoodi, M
N
Kashfee, F
Y
Nikoofar, A
N
Hoseini, F
N
Background : After lung cancer, breast cancer is the second cause of mortality among women. Although the prevalence of this disease has been increased, but the rate of mortality has not been changed during last three decades, this may be due to early diagnosis at the first stage of disease . Objective : To determine risk factors of breast cancer in women. Design : It was a case- control study. Personal, familial, fertile characteristics and stressful life events in women with breast cancer were determined and compared with non cancerous women (control group). Samples : One hundred twenty patients with breast cancer were selected randomly and compared with the same number of healthy women.. Results : Among personal factors, mariatal status (p=0.006) history of benign breast tumor (p=0.028), breast stroke (p=0.031), excessive chest x-ray (p=0.045), sport activities (p=0.002), consumption of olive oil (p=0.054). consumption of white meat (p=0.01), consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables (p=0.0006) were significantly related with breast cancer. Among familial factors, history of breast cancer in first class family members (p=0.023) were significantly associated with cancer of breast. There was also a relation between breast cancer and stressful life events (p=0.000). Among fertility factors, there was a relation between breast cancer and number of abortion (p=0.046), and also kind of abortion (p=0.053). Conclusion : In this study, risk factors of breast cancer were mariatal status, benign breast tumor, history of breast stroke, frequent chest x-ray, physical exercises, nutritional conditions, history of breast cancer in first class family, father's age at the time of case birth, number and kind of abortion and finally stressful life events. Unfortunately some of this factors are not preventable organization in order to make people aware of risk factors and ways of their prevention.
Breast cancer, risk factors of breast cancer, stressful life events.
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.html
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-257-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Iran Journal of Nursing
2008-5931
2008-5931
13
26
2001
4
1
THE RELATIONSHIP OF LONELINESS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT IN INFERTILE COUPLES
31
36
FA
Khoshbin, A
Y
Roshaninegad, M
N
Molahoseini, SH
N
Haghani, H
N
Background : Most of infertile couples experience loneliness, which is intensified with inappropriate response of others. Loneliness is not only an unpleasant feeling, but it is associated with variety of somatic complaints and psychological distress. Most studies have shown that social support reduces psychological distress and has inverse relation with loneliness. Objective : To determine relationship between loneliness and social support in infertile couples. Design : This was a correlational study in which loneliness and social support were measured. Then the relationship between these two variable were determined in wives and husbands. Samples : For the purpose of this study 70 couples with primary infertility were selected through consecutive sampling method. Results : The findings showed a signigcant relation between perceived social support and loneliness in wives (r = -70% P<0.001) and husband (r = -67%, P<0.001). Conclusion : Based on the study's findings, as social support increased, loneliness decreased. There for promotion of perceived social support in infertile couples, are important. Having intimate relationship with infertile couples are recommended.
Loneliness, Social support, U.S.L.A. Loneliness scale, Social provision scale (S.P.S)
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-258-en.html
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-258-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Iran Journal of Nursing
2008-5931
2008-5931
13
26
2001
4
1
A STUDY OF SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HBS.AG) CARRIERS
37
43
FA
Masroor, D
Y
Khaledi
N
Moosavi, M.
N
mahmoodi
N
Background : preventing of hepatitis B needs recognition of it's causative agent and specific characteristic. Hospital staffs get most rating for hepatitis B carrier. The important point in this disease is the great number of client without symptoms, Antigen hepatitis B chronic carriers and different way for transmission. Objective : To determine specific characteristic of carrier with the hepatitis B surface antigen (individual, family and socio- economic). Design : This was a descriptive study and data has been collected unistage by questionnaire. Samples : 1 Hundred carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen and two hundred healthy people were selected. Results : Majority�of carrier were illiterate male from low socio- economic class with laboratory examination, dental surgery, blood transfusion, chronic renal failure, tattoo, living in public area and using public dish and towel. Conclusion : The result of this research can help in other nursing research and with recommendation for other research.
Specific characteristic, specific characrtistic (individual, family, socio- economic), hepatitis B, carrier of the hepatitis B surface antigen.
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-259-en.html
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-259-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Iran Journal of Nursing
2008-5931
2008-5931
13
26
2001
4
1
PSYCHOSOCIAL PROBLEMS OF CLIENTS SUFFERING FROM BURN DEFORMITIES
44
49
FA
Rashidinejad, M
Y
Karimi, A.
N
Jafarpoor, M
N
Mohammadi,M
N
Background : One of the harmful and distressful events which may happen throughout everybody's life is burn. Most often the problems and complication of burn has ever- lasting effects. Burn deformities can lead to progressive isolation of victim and psychosocial problems. Objective : To determine psychosocial problems of client suffering from burn's defect and it's relation to demographic data. Design : This was a field study. Psychosocial problems were determined through questionnaire, then the intensity of problems were determined and the relation between problem and demographic data were measured. Samples : 60 subject over 18 years were randomly selected from burn's clinics. Results : Subject experienced psychosocial problems to various extent and intensity. There was a significant relation between psychosocial problems and the level of education and economic status (p<0.05). There also was a significant relation between psychosocial problems and client's economic status. Conclusion : All responsible people or organization should provide proper education for people in order to prevent burn and accidents.
Burn, deformity , psycholosocial problems.
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-260-en.html
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-260-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Iran Journal of Nursing
2008-5931
2008-5931
13
26
2001
4
1
AGE – RELATED CATARACT RISK FACTOR
50
56
FA
Amiri, F
Y
Asemi, S
N
Mohammadi, R
N
Haghani, H
N
Background : Cataract is the cause of blindness in half of the cases (17 million people) over the world and increasing significantly each decade. In spite of it's role as a common health problem in different communities, man's knowledge on it's causative factors has been inadequate and various investigations have found contradictory results on that. Objective : Risk factors determination in age- related cataract. Design : Study was done upon case – control method Information gathering means were questionnaires which completed through an interview, in which participants were asked about his/her personal identifications, personal and health predisposing factors and family history of age- related cataract. Samples : According to the eligibility requirement for the study, 501 people were invited and classified into two groups (247 people in age related cataract and 254 in control group). Results : Job was found to be a personal factor for age – related cataract, while consumption, of aspirin, poultry meat and receiving electric shock were showed to be health risk factors. Other factors had no predisposing effects. According to calculated adds ratio, family history of smoking, diabet, long lasting diarrhea, usage of tranquilizers, Atenolol, Methyldopa, Triamterene- H, Nifindipin and receiving shock have increased the incidence of age- related cataract. Conclusion : With regard to risk factors of age- related cataract, it's necessary to inform society abut protective measures and perform special protective intervention.
Risk factors, age- related cataract.
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.html
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-261-en.pdf
دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران
Iran Journal of Nursing
2008-5931
2008-5931
13
26
2001
4
1
A STUDY OF COUPLES CHARACTERISTICS AND EXISTING RELATIONS WITH THE KIND AND SEVERITY OF WIFE ABUSE
57
65
FA
Inanloo, M
Y
F
oskouie
N
Mashayekhi, F
N
Haghani, H
N
Background : In the recent decades, domestic violence had been an all over increasing phenomenon, the victims of which are mostly women. Individuals with certain personal familiar and socio- economic characteristics may be threatened and subjected to its aggravated consequences. Objective : To identity and correlate couple's characteristics with the kind (physical or psychological), and severity of wife abuse among women victims attending Tehran Judicial court during 1999. Design : This was a descriptive- correlational study. A two parted questionnaire was employed to question personal, familiar and socio- economic characteristics, further by INDEX of SPOUSE ABUSE(I.S.A) the kind (physical or psychological) and severity of wife abuse was estimated. Samples: A total of 110 women were selected consequently from women attending Tehran judicial court. Results : Findings showed a reverse relation between women's age and severity of abuse (PV= 0.04) and a direct relation between men's age and intensity of abuse (PV= 0.05). Low level education wife, belonging of husband to rural community, addiction of wife or husband, husband's illness, excessive age difference, plurality of husband's wife, presence of children from previous marriage, undesirable child sex, forced marriage, being a house- wife, considering violence as a common event and limited social interaction were positively related with physical and psychological abuse in women. Conclusion : It is evident�that women in all socio- economic groups may be subject to abuse, yet it became clear that in certain groups it happens much severely, which should be viewed more concern. Considering the couples characteristics, spouse abuse may be anticipated and detected among emergency as health clinic attendance, thus support of client's education and referral may be a way of preventing further physical or psychological abuse. It is also recommended to study the forcible factors and the prevalence of spouse abuse and community awareness of domestic violence. To acquire more knowledge of this problem further research and education of the health personal must be planned to increase public knowledge and combat women's abuse.
Couple characteristics, kind of spouse abuse, severity of spouse abuse.
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.html
http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-262-en.pdf