@article{ author = {MahboubehBayat, and MahboubehNazari-Jeyrani, and ArezouShahsavari, and MajidMiri, and MahinNaderifar,}, title = {Frequency of Physical Problem among 7-11 Years Old Children in Foster Care Centers}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Every year, thousands of children are admitted in foster care centers, mostly because of neglect, physical abuse, parental substance abuse, and divorce and socio- economic poverty. On the other hand, entring these centers and living there faces children with a lot of behavioral and health problems. The purpose of this study was to assess physical health status among 7-11 years old children living in foster care centers in Tehran.   Material and Method: We performed a cross-sectional study with 105 children (57 boys, 48 girls). Census sampling was used to recruit participants and information about child physical health was obtained by physical exams based on child health assessment form, child health records and sometimes, consults with physicians.   Results: Findings showed that most frequently type of physical problem in these children was periodontal (90.5%), followed by skin (76.2%), eyes (51.4%), and respiratory system problems (40.1%). Chi-square test did not show any statistical significant relationship of physical health with sex, age and duration of stay in these centers.   Conclusion: Based on the finding, full attention and health facility should be given to this group of children and more studies are needed to study the factors affecting their health.  }, Keywords = {Physical health – Children - Foster care centers}, volume = {23}, Number = {63}, pages = {8-17}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-767-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-767-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {KamalSalehi, and FatemehAlhani, and Khosrosadegh-Niat, and YousefMahmoudifar, and NargesRouhi,}, title = {Quality of Sleep and Related Factors among Imam Khomeini Hospital Staff Nurses}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Sleep and rest are major needs of human which are included in physiologic needs category of Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Since nurses work on morning, evening and night shifts irregularly, they are exposed to sleep problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of sleep and related factors among staff nurses working in Imam Khomeni hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.   Material and Method: This study had a descriptive – analytical design in which staff nurses working at Imam Khomeini Hospital lacated in Tehran were studied. The samples consisted of 120 nurses selected by simple random sampling. The instrument for data collection was the Demographic Information Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.   Results: The results showed that %62.5 of nurses had low sleep quality %33.5, low sleep quality and only %4.2 had good sleep quality. When examining relationship between sleep quality and the pattern of working shifts, statistical Chi-square test showed a statistically significant relationship (P<0.05) and staff nurses with irregular working shifts had lower sleep quality.   Conclusion: This study showed that a much percent of nurses suffered from low sleep quality. Also, working shift pattern and the amount of work hours played an important role in quality of sleep in staff nurses.  }, Keywords = {}, volume = {23}, Number = {63}, pages = {18-25}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-768-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-768-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {NayelehEzzatti,}, title = {Perceptions of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease about Their Therapeutic Regimen}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Atherosclerosis and coronary artery spasm are two causes of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). This study has been conducted to study perceptions of patients with CAD about their treatment regimen in selected hospitals of Tabriz, 1385.   Material and Method: In this analytical study, 160 patients with CAD, who had been admitted to medical and surgical wards of selected hospitals in Tabriz with at least one episode of hospitalization, were selected randomly. A questionnaire was used for gathering demographic data, health beliefs and perception of aptitude to catch disease complications, advantage and disadvantage of admission treatment regime, and individual attitude about patients’ health. The questionnaire with acceptable reliability and validity was completed through interview. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson and Spearman coefficients, independent T-test, Freedman and ANOVA were used to analyze the data.   Results: Research findings showed that the patients' mean score on perception about treatment regime were 42.60. There were statistically significant correlations between perceptions of patients with CAD and their health beliefs, but, there were no statistical significant correlation between demographic data and perception of patients with CAD .   Conclusion: Regarding patients' perception of, these patients require intensive educational programs. For this reason, nurses could evaluate information needs of patients and teach them about adequate self-care techniques to control side effects and complications of CAD, to recognize clinical manifestations and prevent CAD recurrence.}, Keywords = {Coronary artery disease - Therapeutic regimen – Perception}, volume = {23}, Number = {63}, pages = {26-34}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-769-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-769-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Rafii, F and MasoumehRambod, and AghaFatemehHosseini,}, title = {Quality of Life in End Stage Renal Disease and Its Related Factors}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: End stage renal disease affects the daily lives of many patients and families due to the changes in their health status, life style and roles. These changes impact the quality of their lives. Regarding the increasing number of these patients in Iran, this study was conducted to examine the quality of life and its related factors in patients with end stage renal disease.   Material and Method : This was a descriptive- correlational study. Two hundred and two hemodialysis patients admitted to the hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences were recruited using convenience sampling. Data was collected using Ferrans and Power Quality of Life Index (QLI) dialysis version and analyzed using SPSS-PC version 14.   Results : Most patients had a good quality of life. There were statistically significant relationships between financial status, marital status and number of children, and the quality of life (P≤ %5).   Conclusion : Regarding the factors related to the quality of life in these patients, renal nurses are needed to pay more attention to the patient characteristics and demographics. Further longitudinal research is suggested.}, Keywords = {Quality of life - End Stage Renal Disease - Hemodialysis patients}, volume = {23}, Number = {63}, pages = {35-42}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-771-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-771-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {FatemehGoudarzi, and ShivasadatBasampoor, and MasoumehZakeri-Moghadam, and SoghratFaghih-Zadeh, and FatemehRezaie, and FatemehMohamad-Zadeh,}, title = {Changes in Level of Consciousness during Auditory Stimulation by Familiar Voice in Comatose Patients}, abstract ={  Background and Aim : Coma has many complications affecting cognitive, perceptive and emotional functions. Sensory deprivation as one of the most common complications is considered as threatening for the patient. It is developed by decreasing sensory inputs or receiving monotone or unstructured stimulations. Sensory stimulation of comatose patient may prevent these complications, but using the best program is of great importance. The objective of this study was to assess changes in level of consciousness during 14 day period of auditory stimulation by familiar voice in comatose patients.   Material and Method : In this quasi-experimental study, 30 traumatic and non-traumatic comatose patients aged 15-75 years, hospitalized in intensive care unit in Shariati and Sina hospitals were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly allocated to either control or experimental group. The patients in intervention group received a familiar auditory stimulation 2 times (each time 5-15 minutes) per day for 2 weeks, Glasgow coma scale was assessed before and after every intervention in experimental group. In control group, the level of consciousness assessed 4 times daily, similar to intervention group. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher exact, Freidman, Independent t-test.   Results : The findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference between daily mean level of consciousness during 14 days (P<0.001) in experimental group, but in the control group, no difference was seen between daily mean level of consciousness during 14 days (P=0.86).   Conclusion : Auditory stimulation by familiar voice may have an effect on promotion of level of consciousness in comatose patients.}, Keywords = {Coma - Coma stimulation - Auditory stimulation - Level of consciousness}, volume = {23}, Number = {63}, pages = {43-50}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-772-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-772-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {KazhalHesami, and MahrokhDolatian, and JamalShams, and HamidAlaviMajd,}, title = {Domestic Violence Before and during Pregnancy among Pregnant Women}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Many women are abused by their intimate partners before and during pregnancy. Although, domestic violence during pregnancy has serious consequences for women’s health, little is known about how domestic violence may change throughout pregnancy transitions. Research shows that three types of partner violence can have different consequences for women’s health and well-being . The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of domestic violence before and during pregnancy among pregnant women referring to the health care centers in Marivan, Iran 2007.   Material and Method: In this cross sectional study, 243 women receiving prenatal care at health care centers in Marivan were assessed for domestic violence before and during pregnancy using a violence screening questionnaire completed by them at the beginning and during the last month of pregnancy.   Results: The findings indicated that the prevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy was relatively low (%68.7), compared with the prevalence of domestic violence before pregnancy (%86.4) (P<0.001). Abuse before pregnancy was a strong indicator of abuse during pregnancy.   Conclusion: These findings should alert health care providers that women who are abused before pregnancy often continue to experience it during pregnancy. Therefore, routine screening abuse in the maternity service setting is advocated so as to decrease the effect on women and the fetus. }, Keywords = {Domestic violence - Pregnancy }, volume = {23}, Number = {63}, pages = {51-59}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-773-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-773-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {MasoumehNeishabory, and TaherehAshke-E-Torab, and HamidAlavi-Majd,}, title = {Factors Affecting Back Pain among Patients after Cardiac Catheterization}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Cardiac catheterization is a widely used cardiac investigation procedure in Iran. However, back pain is frequently reported following cardiac catheterization due to prolonged bed rest after the procedure. There is no research about factors that affect back pain. This study was designed to explore these factors in patients admitted to Taleghani hospital for cardiac catheterization in 2006-2007.   Material and Method : This descriptive study was conducted on the 130 patients hospitalized for coronary angiography. Following a review of literature, gender, age, history of back pain, smoking, duration of the procedure, body mass index and chang positions were identified as potential factors affecting back pain level. Back pain was assessed at 6 hours and the morning after cardia catheterization. Questionnaire and numeric pain intensity scale were used for data collection.   Results: age (P<0.001) , gender (P<0.001) , history of back pain (P<0.001) , body mass index (P<0.001) and chang position (P<0.001) were significantly related to the level of back pain after angiography.   Conclusion : The results may help nurses to have a better understanding about patients’ physical needs and appropriate nursing interventions that can be planned to enhance patient comfort following cardiac catheterization.}, Keywords = {Coronary angiography - Back pain - Factors}, volume = {23}, Number = {63}, pages = {60-68}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-774-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-774-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {AzarAghamohammadi, and MaryamNooritajer, and MasoumeKheyrkhah, and AghaFatemeHoseyni,}, title = {Comparative Study of the Pregnancy Outcomes in Nulliparous Women over and Under Age 35}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Nowadays, lots of women defer child bearing even until the age 40 due to the job, economy and education reasons. Therefore, protecting mothers and new-born babies health requires experts and midwifes to increase their knowledge about the outcome of such pregnancies. This study aims at comparing the outcome of the pregnancy in nulliparous women who were over and under age 35.   Material and Method: This study was a descriptive-comparative study and included 509 sample cases of first-time delivery that were given birth from March 2000 to March 2007 with gestational age over 24 weeks whose records were available in Hospital. The samples were divided into two groups of over 35 and 20 - 34 years old and the consequences of the pregnancy were compared. Chi-square and Fisher tests and Odds-ratio were used to analyze the data.   Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between age over 35 and preeclampsia, premature delivery, malpresentation, caesarian and low birth weight.   Conclusion: Pregnancy over the age 35 can be considered a dangerous kind and regarding the increase in the marriage age, it is required that people in charge of hygienic centers pay more attention to increasing the knowledge among the women and midwifes in order to have a more healthy generation.  }, Keywords = {Nulliparous women – Preeclampsia - Premature delivery Malpresentation - Placenta previa - Low birth weight }, volume = {23}, Number = {63}, pages = {69-77}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-775-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-775-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Risk Factors in Patients with Myocardial Infraction Hospitalized in Fatemieh Hospital in Semnan}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Coronary artery diseases are the most common cardiovascular diseases and considered as the main cause of mortality in the world and in Iran. A set of risk factors interfere to make these diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors of coronary artery diseases in patients with myocardial infraction.   Material and Method: This case-control study was conducted on 60 patients with myocardial infarction admitted in cardiac care unit of Fatemieh hospital (as case group) and other 60 patients admitted in ENT and eye ward of Amiralmomenin hospital (as control group) in Semnan, Iran. The data collection tool was checklist, and the patients were evaluated regarding four main modifiable risk factors of coronary artery diseases as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia.   Results: The findings showed that 71.7% of the patients with myocardial infarction were male, the mean age of patients with myocardial infarction was 62.9 years, and the most common risk factors were smoking and hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups relative to the prevalence of the risk factors as smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, but the difference was not statistically significant for diabetes. Odd's ratio relative to smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes were 2.95, 2.25, 2.78, and 2, respectively. Odd's ratio relative to smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were significant, but it was not significant relative to diabetes.   Conclusion: The results indicated that smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia are the most common risk factors in patient with myocardial infarction. Smoking with the highest Odd's ratio is the most important risk factor. Because these risk factors are modifiable, therefore, knowing them and taking actions to modify them are very important in reducing the risk of myocardial infarction and related mortality.}, Keywords = {Myocardial infraction - Risk factors – Prevalence - Odd\'s ratio}, volume = {23}, Number = {64}, pages = {8-16}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-788-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-788-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of ICU Nurses about Nosocomial Infections Control in Teaching Hospitals of Tabriz}, abstract ={  Background and Aim : Nosocomial infections have increasingly resulted in death and the patients should bear high treating costs. About 25 percent of all nosocomial infections have been reported from ICUs. Members of the medical team, especially nurses, could play an important role in prevention and control of nosocomial infections. This research has been done to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of ICU nurses working in teaching hospitals of Tabriz.   Material and method : In this descriptive research, 115 nurses working in ICU units with at least one year working experience were selected as samples. The data collection tool was a self-made questionnaire to assess knowledge and attitude and also included a behavioral check list. Content validity was established. Reliability was examined by test-retest (for nowledge and attitude section) and split-half technique (for practice section).   Results : Findings showed that 93.9% of nurses had average knowledge and 94.7 % had positive attitude towards nosocomial infections control. Almost all nurses (99.1%) had moderate practice to control nosocomial infections. There was not a statistically significant relationship between knowledge, attitude, and practice and demographic characteristics of samples (P>0.05).   Conclusion : Considering the average level of knowledge and practice of most nurses, paying more attention by authorities to this specific topic is essential in order to apply the necessary actions for training of nurses.}, Keywords = {Knowledge – Attitude – Practice - Nosocomial infections - Nurse}, volume = {23}, Number = {64}, pages = {17-28}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-789-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-789-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Incidence and Related Factors of Low Birth Weight}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Considering the importance and the role of low birth weight in the mortality and morbidity of neonates and the costs of care, the aim of this study is to determine the incidence and related factors of low birth weight in Hajar hospital in Shahr-e-Kord   Material and method: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 5102 infants who were born in Hajar hospital during the year 2005. Data was gathered from mother, pediatrics physician (physical examination), and mothers’ and infants’ records. SPSS was used for data analysis (Chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests) and P<0.05 was considered significant.   Results: Out of 5102 infants, 434 (8.5%) were low birth weight (CI=7.5%-9.5%). The Odds ratio of low birth weight was about 16.5 in multifetal pregnancy versus singleton pregnancy, and about 10 in the gestational age less than 37 weeks versus gestational age more than or equal to 37 weeks (P<0.0001). Low birth weight was seen 2.5 folds in females infants compared with the males (P=0.04). Also, it was 2.75 folds in the mothers aged less than 20 years versus the mothers aged more than or equal to 20 years (P=0.04). Primiparous women had Low birth weight infabnts 3.69 folds incomparison with the multiparous women (P=0.01). In logistic regression, multifetal pregnancy, prematurity and sex were determined as the most important factors related to low birth weight.   Conclusion: The incidence of low birth weight in Hajar hospital in shahrekord was similar to the other sites in Iran. Prevention of preterm labor, educational intervention programs for high risk mothers specially the young women aged less than 20 years and primiparous and promotion of the quality of prenatal cares in multifetal pregnancis can be effective in prevention of low birth weight.  }, Keywords = {Prevalence - Low birth weight - Related factors }, volume = {23}, Number = {64}, pages = {29-36}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-790-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-790-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Relationship between Migraine Headache and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Patients Referred To Neurology Clinic of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Migraine is one of the common forms of headaches, but there is no recognized mechanism and etiology for these headaches, although iron deficiency anemia is the important related factor. This study was carried out to find the relationship between migraine headache and iron deficiency anemia.   Material and method: In this case-control study, 200 female in the reproductive age (15-45 years old) referred to neurology clinic of Shahrekord University of Medical Science were selected. Patients in control group (N=100) didn’t have migraine headache and patients in case group (N=100) have migraine headache. Patients were selected by simple sampling and according to standardized questionnaire (IHS) by neurologis and clinical manifestations of iron deficiency anemia, CBC and Ferritin level by hematologist. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.   Results : The finding showed that among 100 patient of case group, 15 patients were anemic (iron deficiency anemia), but in control group, only 6 patients had iron deficiency anemia and a statistically significant correlation was found between migraine headache and iron deficiency anemia (P <0.05)   Conclusion : According to findings, it is suggested to conduct a prospective study to examine the effects of treatment of iron deficiency anemia on migraine headache.  }, Keywords = {Iron deficiency anemia - Migraine headache}, volume = {23}, Number = {64}, pages = {37-43}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-791-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-791-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Spirituality and Anxiety in Nursing Students of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Iran University of Medical Science -2006}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Anxiety is a widespread human phenomenon accompanying the painful expectation of an undesirable event (1), and it’s a common response to tension, an unpleasant mental situation.   Stress and anxiety would result in hopelessness, lacking power, proficiency and control over life.   We can reduce the affects of anxiety by applying some methods. The research results, as an example, showed that we can reduce the negative affects of anxiety through increasing the religious beliefs, and generally there is a strong relation between people’s religious beliefs and their health.   The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between spirituality and level of anxiety in nursing students of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Iran University of Medical Science 2005-2006.   Material and Methods: the research society was all of the students of Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Iran University of Medical Science who were studying in the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery Iran University of Medical Science at the time of this research.   Among them 108 students were selected by chance. We had 3 questionnaires for data collection. The first was concerned with personal characteristics. The second was concerned with the spirituality and. Third questionnaire was anxiety scale.   Results: finding have shown that most of samples had highly spirituality (76.9%).consequently there was a meaningful relation between spirituality and religious activities (P = 0.000).   Results�were indicating that 51.9% of samples had no anxiety (mean ± 12.86 ± 10.87).   There was a meaningful statistical relation between anxiety and crisis experience within the last 6 months (P = 0.001).   Concerning the relation between spirituality and level of anxiety. Spearman’s test showed that the higher the level of spirituality, the lower the level of anxiety (r = -0.398, P = 0.001). as a result, the hypothesis was accepted.}, Keywords = {Spirituality – Anxiety -Nursing student}, volume = {23}, Number = {64}, pages = {44-51}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-792-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-792-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effect of Relaxation on Insomnia during Third Trimester among Pregnant Women}, abstract ={  Background and Aim : Insomnia is one of the most prevalent disorders of pregnancy that can results in many problems before, during and after delivery. Insomnia management should be attempted to provide comfort during pregnancy. The aim of study was to determine the effect of relaxation on insomnia during third trimester among pregnant women.   Material and Method : This was a randomized field trial in which 95 pregnant women, referred to Health and Medical Center in Zanjan and were diagnosed to suffer from insomnia, were randomly assigned to either experimental (n=47) or control (n=48) group. Control group only received routine educationa, but participants in experimental group were trained in relaxation over two sessions and were given a hand out reviewing the relaxation procedure, relaxation log for recording home practice and tape–recorded version of the relaxation. The relaxation treatment lasted 4 weeks.   Results : Findings showed that relaxation reduced insomnia intensity in 80.9% of the women in experimental group (P≤0.0001) and also alleviated insomnia in 51.1% of them (P≤0.0001)   Conclusion : It can be concluded that insomnia is common in late pregnancy and relaxation can be considered effective in treatment of insomnia. Providing education about relaxation for treatment of insomnia during third trimester is recommended.}, Keywords = {Insomnia- Third trimester of pregnancy- Relaxation}, volume = {23}, Number = {64}, pages = {52-58}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-793-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-793-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effect of Education about Preconception Care on Awareness and Health Locus of Control about Healthy Nutrition in Women Attending Premarital Counseling Centers}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Providing preconception care with proper education is a wholistic health care program in the field of reproductive health. In fact, iron and folic acid deficiency anemia are the common disorders worldwide that can be resulted from inadequate micronutrients intake, secondary to knowledge deficit and low perceived control of healthy behaviors. As education is an aspect of health promotion and adopting health behavior, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a workshop about preconception care on awareness and health locus of control about healthy nutrition in women attending premarital counseling centers .   Material and Method: The current study is a randomized controlled field trial with two groups. The study population was all women in the reproductive age attending to premarital counseling centers and planning pregnancy within the first two years of marriage . A consecutive sampling method was used and the subjects were randomly assigned into two groups . The sample size was estimated 104 subjects . Data collection instrument was a questionnaire which was completed at two times, pre-intervention and post-intervention.   Results: The findings showed that after the intervention, there was a positive increase in some determinants factors regarding nutrition behaviors such as awareness ( P≤0.001 ) and internal health locus of control ( P≤ 0.04) in the experimental group compared to the control group.   Conclusion: Regarding the effectiveness of the intervention on the related indexes of nutrition behavior and significant relationship of maternal nutrition in the pregnancy and even pre-pregnancy, implementation of this educational intervention in the premarital centers is recommended.  }, Keywords = {Preconception education – Nutrition - Locus of control – Awareness}, volume = {23}, Number = {64}, pages = {59-71}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-794-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-794-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Effect of Home Visit after Cesarean Delivery on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Neonatal Period}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Home visit is one of the trials to promotion of exclusive breastfeeding.Several factors have a negative effect on start and continuation of breastfeeding, one of them being mode of delivery. Cesarean sectioned mothers need more help education and support, especially in positioning of infant on their breast. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of home visit after cesarean delivery on exclusive breastfeeding in the neonatal period at one of the hospitals of Iran University of medical sciences in Tehran , year 2008.   Material and method: The study was arandomized controlled trial with 100 mothers who admitted in an educational hospital of Iran University Medical Sciences and gave birth through cesarean delivery. Patients were selected continually and allocated randomly in two groups of experimental and control. During the trial some of samples excluded from research and finally 67 pair of mother and infant remained Data collection tools included a questionnaire was completed via interview with mothers about infant’s feeding. Inclusion criteria were being Iranian mother with healthy singleton baby between2500-4000 gram.Three home visits were performed at 3rd, 10th and 30th day after discharge from hospital in the experimental group. In these days the type of infant’s feeding in control group was recorded after telephone interview with mothers. Then data were analyzed and exclusive breastfeeding was compared in two groups by use of Chi- squire test.   Results: According to the results, Chi- squire test indicated that there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group (in demographic variables such as age, education, income, etc.). The rate of exclusive breastfeeding at one month in experimental group was 82/4% and in control group was 57/6% which significantly differ from each other. (P= 4/91, ײ= 0/02).   Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be claimed that using home visit program could be an effective approach to promote the exclusive breastfeeding in neonatal period. Therefore it can be concluded that education at home environment, supporting and helping cesarean sectioned mothers after discharge is an appropriate strategy in promoting of exclusive breastfeeding and prevention of unfavorable outcome result from early onset of supplementary food.  }, Keywords = {Exclusive breastfeeding - Home visit - Cesarean delivery}, volume = {23}, Number = {64}, pages = {72-80}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-795-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-795-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effect of combined calcium and vitamin E consumption on premenstrual syndrome}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Premenstrual syndrome is a common disorder of premenopausal women affecting up to 95% of women. Sometimes psychological, behavioral and physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome are so severe that interferes with normal life activities and interpersonal relationships. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of combined calcium and vitamin E consumption on premenstrual syndrome in female students of Iran University of Medical Sciences.   Material and Method: In this three-blinded randomized placebo controlled trial, 87 students with diagnosis of premenstrual syndrome were recruited and randomly allocated to either receiving combined calcium and vitamin E or placebo. They completed rating scale of premenstrual syndrome parallel to three cycles of menstruation before intervention and three cycles of menstruation during drug consumption. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used to analyze data.   Results: The findings showed that severity of symptoms reduced in 56% of students consuming combined calcium and vitamin E and completely disappeared in some of cases. Placebo caused 30% reduction in symptoms. Statistically significant differences were found between treatment and placebo groups (p=0.003, df=86, t=2.10).   Conclusion: Combined calcium and vitamin E consumption was effective to reduce symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. More studies in this field is recommended to find out the effect of daily consumption of combined 1000 mg calcium and 400 UI vitamin E by women who suffer from premenstrual syndrome in order to promote their quality of life.}, Keywords = {Premenstrual syndrome - Combined calcium and vitamin E - Psychological and behavioral symptoms - Physical symptoms}, volume = {23}, Number = {65}, pages = {8-14}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-820-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-820-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effect of relaxation on anxiety and stress of patients with cancer during hospitalization}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Diagnosis of cancer and its special treatment produces complications such as anxiety and stress. One the important roles of nurses is managing these complications. This study was conducted to examine the effect of relaxation on anxiety and stress of hospitalized cancerous patients.   Material and Method: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted in 2005 with two groups of cancerous patients at Imam Khomeini Hospital. The subjects were randomly allocated to either experimental (N=30) or control (N=30) group. Patients in experimental group performed relaxation together with researcher for 5 consecutive days in morning within 20-25 minutes. Before and after intervention, the patients’ vital signs (blood pressure, pulse, respiration) were measured and recorded. In control group, patients’ vital signs were measured and recorded only at the time after intervention for experimental group. Data was gathered by a tool including demographic questionnaire and DASS-21. In both groups, anxiety and stress were measured by DASS-21 questionnaire before and after 5 sessions of experimental group. Data was analyzed by SPSS-11.5 using Chi-square and t-student tests.   Results: In experimental group, relaxation decreased the mean score of anxiety from 8.2 ± 4.2 to 7.4 ±4.07 and also decreased the mean score of stress from 11.8±5.7 to 10.6±5.2. In control group, the mean score of anxiety changed from 8.3±4.3 to 9.6±5.4 and the mean score of stress changed from 10.5±5.2 to 11.9±5.4. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups (P≤0.001). Also, the mean scores of systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration rate in experimental group were significantly increased after intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that cancerous patients can control their stress and anxiety by using non-pharmacologic methods such as relaxation}, Keywords = {Relaxation- Cancer- Anxiety- Stress}, volume = {23}, Number = {65}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-821-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-821-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Lived experience of health care providers about preconception care for diabetic women}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Today, there is a lot of knowledge about care of diabetic pregnant women. Optimal care, before and during pregnancy is a suitable method to minimize the complications of diseases. Heath care providers are the important agents to deliver preconception care. The aim of this study was to understand lived experience of health care providers about preconception care for diabetic women.   Material and Method: This was a qualitative study with phenomenological approach in which 15 health care providers working in public and private centers in Isfahan, were selected by purposive sampling and in-depthly interviewed. Data analyzed was done by 7-stages Colaizzi's phenomenological method.   Results : According to experiences of health care providers, perfocmance and characteristics of health care system is important for high quality preconception care of diabetic women. Also, the results showed that knowledge of health care personnel about preconception care of diabetic women were not suitable. Findings (according to the experiences of participants) were classified into 3 main concepts: 1) Knowledge and attitude of personnel, 2) education of personnel, and, 3) health care system.   Conclusion: Continuous education for personnel and creating a suitable system to deliver preconception care for diabetic women is necessary.}, Keywords = {Lived experience- Health care providers- Preconception care- Diabetic women}, volume = {23}, Number = {65}, pages = {23-32}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-822-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-822-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Pathology of health assessment course in Bachelor of Science nursing program}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Education as a continuous and dynamic process can be analyzed through educational pathology to identify problems and barriers and to plan applicable strategies. The aim of this study was to determine factors influencing Health Assessment Course in Bachelor of Science nursing program.   Material and Method: This is a qualitative study with thematic analysis method in which face-to-face semi-structured interviews and focus group was used to collect data from a purposeful sample of 17 participants, 14 nursing students and 3 nursing instructors in Baghiatallah nursing faculty. Content analysis was used to analyze data.   Results: Data showed that barriers in Health Assessment Course presentation were in educational planning, environmental equipments of nursing school and hospital, nursing instructor and evaluation methods.   Conclusion: Regarding the barriers, we should focus on nurses' roles in real situations to make this course applicable. Also, reinforcing present educational system and continuing education of instructors and clinical nurses would minimize problems.}, Keywords = {Health assessment, Bachelor nursing, Course pathology, Content analysis }, volume = {23}, Number = {65}, pages = {33-41}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-823-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-823-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Rhizomatic Thought and Nursing (1): Philosophical Base}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Philosophy of Gilles Deleuze is one of the most important and influential philosophies in the 20th century. Aim of this article is to discuss rhizomatic thought in nursing. This is the first of two papers, explaining philosophical bases of rhizomatic thought.   Material and Method: A literature search was conducted using CINAHL, Proquest, PsychINFO, Social Sciences Index, Sciencedirect, scopus, and MEDLINE databases and the keywords " rhisom" and "nursing". Articles from each of these databases were examined to identify major themes, areas of agreement and disagreement across disciplines.   Results: A comperhensive and authenticative philosopher more than deleuz could not be found in contemporary. He always tried to review and restore philosophical bases and also to create new concepts.   Conclusion: Deleuze is important in philosophical thought for two reasons: first, he after review of previews works create a new approach and second, open new horizons to philosophy.}, Keywords = {Philosophy, Deleuz, Nursing, Poststructuralism, Paradigm}, volume = {23}, Number = {65}, pages = {42-49}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-824-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-824-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The effect of education based on health belief model on dietary behavior of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft patients}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most prevalent cardiovascular disease (CAD) and the leading cause of mortality in industrialized and developing countries. It is also the first cause of mortality in Iran. People with CAD need changes in lifestyle, because the disease is chronic.. In this study health belief model (HBM) as one of the theories related to changing lifestyle is used to change behaviors related to dietary performance in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) patients. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of education based on health belief model on dietary behavior of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft patients   Material and Method : In this quasi- experimental study, 64 CABG patients were recruited through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to either control or experimental group. Data gathering tools included questionnaire and checklist. At first, questionnaire and checklist were completed by subject in both groups. Then, the educational protocol was implemented for experimental group. They also took education notes. Two months after the intervention, questionnaire and checklist were completed again by subject in both groups.   Results : There was a significant improvement in knowledge level, perceived severity, benefits, barriers, and total performance about dietary in experimental group (P<0.05). A statistically significant correlation was found between dietary performance of both group and age, educational degree, and family history variables, meaning that patients with greater age and level of education and positive family history had better dietary performance. (P 0.05).   Conclusion : Education based on HBM leads to improving knowledge level, perceived severity and benefits and deceived barriers and eventually, dietary performance.}, Keywords = {Health Belief model (HBM) - CABG patient - Dietary behaviors}, volume = {23}, Number = {65}, pages = {50-60}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-825-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-825-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Prevalence of violence among pregnant women attending to health care centers in west of Tehran}, abstract ={ Background and Aim: Abuse during pregnancy is the most common reproductive health problem. Rregarding the importance of mothers' health promotion, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of spouse abuse and associated individual and pregnancy factors among pregnant women attending to health care centers of Western Tehran in 2007. Material and Method: In this cross sectional study, 370 pregnant women, attending in selected health care centers were selected consecutively from February to April in 2007. The data collection tool consisted of associated factors questionnaire and "Adopted Standard Tool" (A.A.S). Data were analyzed using SPSS 14 software, descriptive statistics, and logistic regression. Result: In all, 59.7% of the women reported spouse abuse during pregnancy. Education, occupation, abuse during childhood, witnessing conflict between their parents, drug abuse and cigarette smoking in wife or her husband, and inadequate prenatal care and unplanned pregnancy were significantly associated with abuse (p≤0.05). Conclusion: It is necessary to plan visits screening for abuse. Women with inadequate prenatal care and unplanned pregnancy should be viewed as pivotal priorities for screening, prevention and support. }, Keywords = {Spouse abuse, pregnancy}, volume = {23}, Number = {65}, pages = {61-72}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-826-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-826-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Personnel and patients satisfaction as a measure of service quality measurement}, abstract ={  Background and Aim : The ultimate goal of health care systems is to deliver scientific and practical care to patients and their families and to make them satisfied of the services. Regarding the importance of patients and families satisfaction, this research was designed to determine personnel and patients satisfaction in Jahrom Motahari hospital in 2005 and 2007.   Material and Method : In this cross-sectional study, purposeive sampling was done one month in 2005 and also one month in 2007. The sample in each year was consisting personnel (136) and patients with minimum 4 days hospitalization (198). A questionnaire made by researcher was used to gather data. Face and content validity and reliability of the questionnaire were established. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.   Results: Total personnel satisfaction in 2007 had 2.94% increases when compared with that of 2005, but, remained in moderate level. The findings showed a statistically significant positive relationship between years of work and job satisfaction. Total patient satisfaction in 2007 (98.99 % ) had 8.09% increases relative to 2005 (90.9%). A statistically significant relationship was seen between patients gender and their trust to personnel (p≤0.05), meaning that female patients had more trust to nurses and physicians than male patients. There was a statistically significant negative relationship between patients' level of education and satisfaction (p≤0.05).   Conclusion : Albeit patients and personnel satisfaction had an incremental trend, this increase was not enogh. Hospitals should make a holistic plan for quality assurance of services.}, Keywords = {Personnel – Patients - Satisfaction}, volume = {23}, Number = {65}, pages = {73-82}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-827-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-827-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of blood pressure in the supine and semi-Fowler\'s position during hemodialysis}, abstract ={  ABSTRACT   Background and Aim: Hemodialysis is the most common method of treatment for chronic renal insufficiency an advanced and unretrieveable disorder. Hemodialysis has some complications on which the position of the patient can be effective. Routinely, patients are placed on supine position during hemodialysis, but they are not comfortable in this position, and most of them would like to change their positions to Fowler's position in which the blood pressure may decrease. Placing patients in semi-Fowler's position, if doesn’t have any adverse effect on complications, could help patients to be more comfortable during hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to compar blood pressure in the supine and semi-Fowler's position during hemodialysis.   Material and method: In this quasi-experimental study, 45 dialytic patients were selected by purposive sampling. Their blood pressure were measured two times with 30 minutes intervals in both supine and semi-Fowler's positions.   Results: There was no statistical significant difference between two positions in terms of hypotension (p>0.05). The mean systolic blood pressure in supine and Fowler's position were 117.7 and 113.11 mm/Hg, respectively. The mean diastolic blood pressure in supine and Fowler's position were 66 and 65.5 mm/Hg, respectively and there was no statistical significant difference between two positions in terms of diastolic blood pressure.   Conclusion: Regarding the findings it is suggested that patients be placed in either Fowler's or semi-Fowler's position during hemodialysis.}, Keywords = {Body position, Hemodialysis, Hypertension}, volume = {23}, Number = {66}, pages = {8-13}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-864-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-864-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The relation of sexual satisfaction and demographic factors}, abstract ={  Background and Aim : Marital satisfaction is affected by many factors among which the safe and pleasurable sexual relationships is the most important. In Iran, like some other controversial societies, sexuality issues involve socio-cultural obstacles as well as limiting policies which make research difficult, so that inadequate information is made available in the area. The aim of this research was to determine sexual satisfaction level in the couples and its association with some demographic factors.   Material and method : This descriptive-correlation study was conducted in 2007 in Tehran, Consecutive sampling was used to recruit 292 married males and females from selected hospitals in Tehran while visiting their hospitalized relatives. They were all literate and had gotten married for at least one year. Two questionnaires were used for data collection.   Results: The results showed that, of the participants, 63.4% were completely satisfied, 28.8% relatively satisfied, 7.2% slightly satisfied, and 0.7% unsatisfied of sexual relationship. Also, the results showed that there was a statistical significant association between sexual satisfaction and the following factors: age difference of couples (p=0.04), duration of married life (p=0.05), and drug abuse by the participants (p=0.007), but there was not a statistical significant association between sexual satisfaction and other factors tested in this study (age, gender, reproductive status, economic status, number of children, education attainment, the spouse's education attainment, contraception method, and type of marriage).   Conclusion: According to the results, we suggest the practical strategies to improve people’s awareness about sexuality and its vital influences on marital happiness. More work is suggested to be done in order to provide research based information in this field.}, Keywords = {Sexual satisfaction - Sexual relationship - Marital satisfaction}, volume = {23}, Number = {66}, pages = {14-22}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-865-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-865-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Hajikazemi, ES}, title = {The Relation Between Body Mass Index before Pregnancy and Weaning the Child to the End of the Age 24- Months}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Rapid infant weight gain has been shown to predict later obesity risk however, it is unclear which factors influence infant diet and weight gain. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between body mass index before pregnancy and weaning the child to the end of the age 24- months.   Material and Method: This is a correlational study in which 307 mothers of children aged 2-3 years were selected fro/ Tehran West Health Center. stratified sampling method was used and data were collected by questionnaire and mothers' and children's records.   Results: There was not a statiustically significant relationship between the body mass index before pregnancy and weaning children at the age of six months. ANOVA statistical test (p=0.02 and p≤0.0001) indicated that there was a statistical significant relationship of the child weaning at the ages of 12 and 24 months with the body mass index before pregnancy. Also, t- test showed that there was a statistical significant relationship between the sex of the child and weaning at the ages of 6,12 and 24 months (p≤0.0001).   Conclusion: There is definitely a significant relationship between body mass index and child weaning at the ages of 12 and 24 months. Maternal behaviors shape many aspects of children's development. As a result, it is necessary that obese and overweight mothers receive education and counseling to prevent obesity in their children.   }, Keywords = {Body Mass Index – Weaning – Children}, volume = {23}, Number = {66}, pages = {23-31}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-866-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-866-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {RezaZeighami,}, title = {Rhizomatic thought and nursing(2): Rhizomatic though in nursing}, abstract ={  Abstract   Background and Aim: Philosophy of Gilles Deleuze is one of the most important and influential philosophies in the 20th century. Aim of this article is to discuss about rhizomatic thought in nursing. This is second of two papers, explaining development and application of rhizomatic though in nursing.   Materials and Method: A literature search was conducted using CINAHL, Proquest, PsychINFO, Social Sciences Index, Sciencedirect, scopus, and MEDLINE databases and the keywords " rhisom" and "nursing". Articles from each of these databases were examined to identify major themes, areas of agreement and disagreement across disciplines.   Results: Both concurrent and opponents of rhizomy in nursing agree with the arguments againts “the knowledge/culture wars” that seem to dominate attempts to develop the discipline. They also agree with the notion of “borrowing” approaches from the diversity of elsewhere is somehow wrong and will weaken nursing is utter rubbish.   Conclusion: Rhizomatic thought in nursing needs more discussion.}, Keywords = {Philosophy – Deleuz – Nursing – Poststructuralism - Paradigm}, volume = {23}, Number = {66}, pages = {32-42}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-868-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-868-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {MaryamRasouli, and FaridehYaghmaei,}, title = {Spiritual coping in institutionalized adolescent girls:}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Spirituality as a coping strategy plays an important role in human health. According to holistic approach, providing spiritual care for clients in different settings has been considered as a nurse’s responsibility. Despite the number of institutionalized adolescents living in residential settings, there are few studies have assessed spirituality in this group. In this regard, researchers conducted a qualitative research to explore spirituality and spiritual coping strategies in institutionalized adolescent girls.   Materials and Method: In this qualitative study, 15 adolescent girls were interviewed about the role of spirituality and spiritual strategies in coping with stresses of living in institutes. Interviews were analyzed using content analysis method.   Result: The main themes emerged from this study were: meaning in life, reliance on God, and seeking spiritual support.   Conclusion: The findings of the study provide in-depth understanding of female institutionalized adolescents’ experiences of spirituality and spiritual strategies in coping with stress which can be useful for nurses and other health care professionals, especially those caring for orphan adolescents. The findings can provide a framework for nursing care plans based on teaching spiritual coping strategies to decrease stresses of living in residential settings.}, Keywords = {Spirituality - Spiritual coping - Institutionalized adolescents - Qualitative study}, volume = {23}, Number = {66}, pages = {43-53}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-869-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-869-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {FarnazRahmani, and MojganBehshid, and VahidZamanzadeh, and FarzadRahmani,}, title = {Relationship between general health, occupational stress and burnout in critical care nurses of Tabriz teaching hospitals}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Occupational stress in nursing profession can result in poor nursing care and health problems. Bornout is the other problem in nursing practice that could result in absenteeism, low energy and low nursing care efficiency. In the other hand, high stress can result in mental disorders like depression. This study was carried out to determine levels of occupational stress, burnout and general health in critical nurses of Tabriz teaching hospitals.   Materials and Method: This was a fragment of a larger cross-sectional study in which 63 nurses, working in critical care units of Tabriz teaching hospitals, were selected. Data were gathered by Occupational stress questionaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory and General Health Questionaire. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and Pearson correlation coefficient.   Results: The findings indicated that total levels of occupational stress in majority of nurses (49.2%) was high. Regarding burnout, 44.4% of nurses had high levels of burnout in emotional exhaustation aspect and 46.0% of nurses had high levels of burnout in personal accomplishment aspect. The majority of nurses (42.4%) reported high levels of anexeity. There was a statistically significant relationship of emotional exhaustation with occupational stress (P≤0.05) and mental helth was (P≤0.05).   Conclusion: Occupational stress and burnout may have undesired influences on nursing function and mental health. Stratetegies decreasing stress and burnout can promote nursing mental health and quality of care.  }, Keywords = {Occupational stress – Burnout - Emotional exhaustation - General health - Critical nurse}, volume = {23}, Number = {66}, pages = {54-63}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-871-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-871-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {EsmatNoohi, and MahshidNazemzadeh, and NozarNakhei,}, title = {The study of knowledge, attitude and practice of puerperal women about exercise during pregnancy}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Women who engage in exercise programms during their pregnancy have an opportunity to promot physiological and mental health. Current research studies have clearly shown that exercise is not harmful for fetus in healthy pregnancy. The aim of this study was to determine knowledge, attitude and the practice of puerperal women admitted to Kerman hospitals about exercise during pregnancy.   Material and Methods: In this descriptive study after a pilot study, 256 women were chosen by consecutive sampling method. The instrument for data collection was researcher – made 4 parts questionnaire based on theory of planned behavior , consisting of demographic   Characteristic, 23 sentences about knowledge, 11 sentences about attitude and 16 practice sentences about exercise during pregnancy. The validly and reliability was confirmed before using the questionnaire. Information was obtained through face to face interviewing.   Results: The finding showed that the score for knowledge, attitude, and practice was 37%, 72%, and 8% of the total score, respectively. Results also revealed that there was weak positive correlations between knowledge and attitudes (r=0.23), knowledge and practice (r=0.14), and attitude and practice (r=0.26). There was a statistically significant difference between mean score of knowledge of participants in terms of accommodation (p<0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant difference between mean score of attitude of participants in terms of level of education (p<0.01) and spouss's level of education (p<0.01). Results also revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between mean score of practice of participants in terms of level of education (p<0.05), type of delivery (p<0.05) and history of miscarriage (p<0.05).   Conclusion: It seems that mother's concern about exercise during pregnancy is due to their knowledge deficit about permitted exercises during pregnancy. Giving information and education would be helpful to change mothers' knowledg and attitude about the subject, therby, promoting their practice.}, Keywords = {Pregnancy – Exercise - puerperal period – Knowledge – Attitude – Practice}, volume = {23}, Number = {66}, pages = {64-72}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-872-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-872-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {FatemehShirazi, and FarangisShahpourian, and AlisKhachian, and AghaFatemehHoseini, and ShivaHeidari,}, title = {The relationship of epidemiologic and demographic factors with urinary Stones}, abstract ={  Background And Aim: The current understanding of the pathogenesis of idiopathic kidney stone disease points out a complex and multifactorial interaction between environmental, metabolic and genetic factors. Different epidemiologic factors have been known to be related to urinary stones. The aim of this study was to assess personal characteristics of kidney stone patients in Iran.   Materials and Methods: This was a case control study In which 161 adult patients with idiopathic kidney stone disease attending Urology Center of Iran University of Medical Sciences constitute the case group. The control group was composed of 254 healthy subjects without personal history of stone disease Were recruited from visitors, other patients and staffs who attended the same center at the same time and matched with case group subjects for age and gender. All of the patients and healthy subjects were individually interviewed by a pre-designed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the SPSS™, Version 14.   Results: Findings showed that 66.5% of patients were male with the male to female ratio of 1.98 to 1. The prevalence of kidney stone was highest for men aged between 30 and 50 years and women aged between 40 and 60 years. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in height and weight, but body mass index was significantly different between two groups (p=0.007). Also, other epidemiologic factors such as educational level, economical status, employment status, type of job, workplace area, the temperature in the workplace and positive family history were found to be related to urinary stone formation and increaseed the risk for the disease.   Conclusion: According to results, different epidemiologic factors relate to urolithiasis and increase its risk. Therefore, by defining the high risk individuals and teaching the preventive measures, we can decrease the prevalence and recurrence rate of kidney stones and reduce the health care burden of this disease.  }, Keywords = {Urinary stone – Urolithiasis - Risk factors - Epidemiologic factors - Demographic factors }, volume = {23}, Number = {66}, pages = {73-80}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-873-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-873-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {B.Seyedamini, and A.Moradi, and A.Malek, and M.Ebrahimi-Mamaghani,}, title = {The Role of Watching TV. in Obesity and Behavioral Problems in Children}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Obesity and overweight as risk factors for many health-related problems have shown an increasing trend in most countries in recent years. Increase in watching television in childhood has been associated with adverse effects on health and behavior in children. Low physical activity due to television viewing is known as a risk factor for childhood obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relatioship between obesity/behavioral problems and television viewing in girls of elementary schools in Tabriz city, Iran.   Matrials and Method: This descriptive comparative study was conducted with a study sample consisting of 300 students girls (7-11 years old) of elementary schools in Tabriz city, selected based on Body Mass Index by stratified random sampling. The data about television viewing were obtained from parent reports using demografic questionnaire and behavioral problems in children were assessed using Child Behavior Check List. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 11.5).     Results : The results showed that student girls in overweight and obese groups were viewing television more than those in group of normal Body Mass Index and had lower levels of activity competency.The results suggests a positive and statistical significant association between obesity/overweight and viewing television (r =0.16 ,P<0.005).The children who were viewing television more than 2 houres per day, had a greater Body Mass Index (P<0.011). The length of viewing television had a statistical significant correlation with somatic complaints in children (r =0.153 ,P=0.008).   Conclusion: As watching television for long times is associated with overweighting in children, it is suggested to parents for decreasing television watching time as a preventive method of overweighting.  }, Keywords = {Television Watching - Behavioral problems - Activity competency – Obesity Overweight}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {8-14}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-890-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-890-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {H.Peyrovi, and MT.Sareban, and Z.Mohebbi-Nubandeghani, and M.Rambod,}, title = {Dietary and Fluid Adherence in Hemodialysis Patients}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Adherences to fluid restriction and dietary and medication guidelines are essential for adequate management of hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to assess the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum potassium (K) and serum phosphorus (PO4) levels and interdialytic weight gain (IWG) accounted for adherence of uremic patients on hemodialysis.   Material and Method: It was a descriptive - correlational study in which 200 patients with renal failure and on hemodialysis, being treated at teaching hospitals of Iran University of medical sciences, participated in the study. The subjects were selected by census sampling method. Blood urea nitrogen, serum potassium and phosphorus levels and interdialytic weight gain of uremic patients were collected from medical charts and were analyzed by SPSS, version 14.   Results: Most of the patients (56%) had non-adherence with fluid restrictions. The levels of phosphorus, potassium, and blood urea nitrogen were higher than expected levels in 25.5 %, 5.5% and 4.5% of patients, respectively. In addition, there were relationships between blood urea nitrogen, serum potassium, serum phosphorus levels and interdialytic weight gain with educational status (p ≤ 0.05), however, there were no statistically significant correlation between the levels of these variables with gender, age, financial status, marital status and duration of dialysis (p > 0.05).   Conclusion: According to the findings, most patient had adherence to dietary and medication regimen and educational level of patient was associated with adherence. Dietary compliance may be improved by dietary counseling and education may motivates patients to change and comply with dietary recommendations. Therefore, another study to evaluate effect of dietary counseling techniques on adherence in dialysis patients is suggested.}, Keywords = {Compliance - Fluid and dietary adherence – Hemodialysis - Renal failure}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-891-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-891-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {K.Arfaei, and Z.Soofi-Abadi,}, title = {Midwifery Students, Perspectives about Their Motivation for Choosing Midwifery as a Career}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Motivation is an internal feeling that provokes, sterenghtens and finally leads behaviors. For activities such as learning, there are various incentives drives. The aim of the present study was to identify the motivational factors in choosing midwifery as a career form perspectives of midwifery students studying at Semnan Azad University, Iran, in 2010.   Materials and Method: This descriptive study was conducted with a sample of of 120 midwifery students of Semnan Azad University. The subjects were selected by census sampling method. Data were collected by a questionaire whose validity and reliability were provided. Data were analyzed by SPSS program.   Results: "Career interest" and "having a career with suitable spare times" were, respectively, the most and the least important motivational factors in choosing midwifery as a career. "Social perestige" and "job opurtunities" were not important motivational factors in choosing the midwifery career.   Conclusion: It can be concluded that only personal motivation, morality and the nature of the occupation is important in choosing midwifery career and ideal social status and meeting life standards do not have any impotance. Authorities should search for solving occupational problems and shed light to real position of the proffesoin to provide more job openings for the youth.}, Keywords = {Motivation – Midwifery as Career – Choosing}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {23-28}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-892-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-892-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {M.Shabany-Hamedan, and J.Mohmmad-Aliha, and R.Shekarabi, and AF.Hosseini,}, title = {The Relationship Between Medication Adherence and Quality of Life in Renal Transplant Patients}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Post-kidney transplant survival relies on patient adherence to the intake of immunosuppressive medication. Non-adherence to immunosuppressive drugs leads to rejection, graft loss, dialysis, lower quality of life, increased costs and mortality. Quality of life may be useful to identify non-adherence. The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between medication adherence and quality of life in renal transplant patients.   Materials and Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study in which 230 patients who were more than 18 years old and at least 3 month elapsed from their graft participated. Data were collected by Immunosuppressant Therapy Adherence Scale (2005) and Quality of Life in Kidney Transplant Patient questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS, version 15.   Results: Finding showed that the mean score and standard deviation of quality of life were 21.65 and 4.039, respectively, and 57.8% of patients were non-adherent. A statistically significant and indirect relationship was found between adherence and quality of life (p < 0.001, rETA=0.23). Conclusion: Regarding the results that showed the relationship between adherence and quality of life in patients, nurses should consider immunosuppressant adherence in teaching and caring as a health promoting strategy.}, Keywords = {Medication adherence - Immunosuppresants - Quality of life – Renal transplantation}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {29-34}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-893-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-893-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Rafii, F and M.Soleimani, and N.Seyed-Fatemi,}, title = {Concept Analysis of Participation of Patient with Chronic Disease: Use of Hybrid Model}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Approaches to professional health care have changed along with changes in health measures and progression of chronic diseases. Patient participation is an international golden standard in new nursing paradigm. Despite the importance of patient participation and its routine usage in professional care, this concept is not clear, especially in social and cultural context of Iranian nursing. The purpose of this study was to clarify the meaning of patient participation and determine its critical attributes in chronic disease within the nursing context in Iran.   Materials and Method: Concept analysis of this concept was conducted using hybrid model. Hybrid model has three phases: theoretical, field work and final analytical phase.   Results: Literature review in theoretical phase determined the attributes of the concept including establishing mutual relationship, giving way to control and responsibility, shared information and knowledge, active engagement in activities, and profit from this engagement. Filed work phase determined attributes such as mutual confidence, harmony between patient and nurse, setting the stage, giving responsibility to patient, patient empowerment, and organizational factors. In the final analytical phase, the critical attributes of participation of patient with chronic disease including connection by means of mutual confidence, yielding control and responsibility, sharing information and knowledge, active engagement in self care activities, setting the stage and empowerment of patient to engage in self care was determined.   Conclusion: Concept analysis of patient participation revealed the required conditions for participation of patients with chronic diseases in nursing care. In the meantime, this concept is a new and complex one within the context of our nursing, which requires further study of social and cultural context of health care area.}, Keywords = {Patient participation - Nursing care - Chronic disease - Concept analysis - Hybrid model}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {35-48}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-894-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-894-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Mirzaei, T and Ravary, A and Hanifi, N and Miri, S and Oskouie, F and MirzaeiKhalilAbadi, S}, title = {Addicts\' Perspectives about Factors Associated with Substance Abuse Relapse}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: It has been known for many years that there is a high risk of relapse after treatment of drug abuse. This has made addiction more complicated. Knowledge of related factors allows the health care professionals to initiate much broader, client – centered, relapse prevention strategies.   Materials and method: This study had a descriptive design. The sample comprised 200 addicts who all were male and had at least one relapse episode after treatment. Data were collected by structured face-to-face interviews. The related factors to relapse are divided in two groups as individual and environmental factors. The intensity of related factors was asked as "not any", "a little", "medium" and "very much".   Results: The results showed that 33.5% of the subjects had 1 relapse, 38% 2-3 relapse and 28.5% more than 3 relapse. َ Also, 53% of them relapse in less than 3 month after treatment. Only 12% could avoid drug use for more than 1 year. The mean time of abstinence was 6.3±3 month. According to Friedman test, insomnia and temptation were the most important individual factors (P<0.000), and simple access to drugs, family conflicts and noncompliance with treatment were the most important environmental factors (P<0.000).   Conclusion: With respect to results, since psychological factors were the most important (mean= 1.6 ± 0.5), mere detoxification is not efficient enough and may end in client’s relapse. Treatment services should be developed further and strengthen relapse prevention and relapse coping skills among drug misuser’s and pschological health is the first thing that should be notified by them.}, Keywords = {Substance Abuse - Substance Abuse Treatment - Relapse}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {49-58}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-895-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-895-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {MAghajani, and SValiee, and ATol,}, title = {}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Death is a phenomenon even thinking about which can produce anxiety. Death anxiety in staff nurses can be influential on their communication with and quality care delivery for dying patients and also affects nurses' job satisfaction and mental health. The aim of this study was to determine death anxiety in nurses working in critical care and general wards and related factors.   Materials and Method: This was a cross-sectional study in which 387 nurses (155 nurses working in critical care wards and 232 nurses working in general wards) from a teaching hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences were recruited by census sampling. Demographic information sheet and Templer's Death Anxiety Scale were used to collect data. Then the data were analyzed using Chi-square, T-test and regression .   Results: The results showed a statistically significant difference between mean score of death anxiety of nurses working in critical care (8.30 2.4 ) and those working in general wards ( 8.26 2.1 ). Death anxiety was correlated with some variables such as marital status (p=0.046), organizational situation (p=0.001) and the ward which nurses now worked (p=0.02), but it was not significantly correlated with age, sex, shift, care of end stage patients, and partnership in patient resuscitation.   Conclusion: Death anxiety affects physical and emotional aspects of nurse's life, thereby affecting process of caring. Results showed that death anxiety was higher in critical care nurses and they faced more dying and death than general ward nurses. So, they need special attention about death anxiety and its causes, and require institutional support to enable them for providing quality care for patients.}, Keywords = {Anxiety - Death anxiety – Nurses}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {59-68}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-896-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-896-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {MAghdami, and FAlhani,}, title = {Obstacles to Implementation of Professional Pediatric Nursing}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: The basic role of nurses is the restoration of health through caregiving activities. The nurses can do all of their responsibilities if they are informed of duty description. One of the most important duties of nursing service head is to prepare staff nurses and to ensure their performance to achieve assigned activities. The aim of this study was to determine obstacles to implementation of professional pediatric nursing job description�in the pediatric hospitals located in Tehran, Iran.   Materials and method: This research was a descriptive study in which 63 staff nurse and nurse manager, working in pediatric hospitals, were recruited by proportional stratified random sampling. The research instruments were a demographic data sheet and self-report questionnaire about obstacles to implementation of professional duties.   Results: The mean age of the subjects was 33.92±8.92 years, the mean years of experience was 9.19±8.46, and the mean years of work experience in pediatric unit was 7.97± 7.42. All the subjects were female, out of which 74.6% were staff nurses and the remaining were nursing managers. The results showed that the most important obstacles were, “the improper ratio of nurses to patients” (management dimension), “shortage of continuing and in-service education courses” (educational dimension), “the lack of space for doing professional duties” (environmental dimension), and finally, “inadequate recreational facilities for nursing personnel” (motivational dimension).   Conclusion: For overcoming the abovementioned obstacles, some strategies were developed and scored and finally, the most salient strategy, “establishing a national committee for review, reassessment and implementation of professional pediatric nursing job description” was considered to be executed.}, Keywords = {Professional job description – Obstacles - Professional pediatric nursing - Job description}, volume = {23}, Number = {67}, pages = {69-79}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-897-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-897-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2010} } @article{ author = {Z.Rood-dehghan, and M.Shaban, and A.Memari, and A.Mehran,}, title = {Staff nurses’ adherence to oxygen therapy standards}, abstract ={  Background and Aim : Oxygen therapy is a method in which oxygen is provided with more density than that in the atmosphere. Oxygen is used in the treatment of many diseases and since it is considered as a drug, it has to be prescribed and controlled like a drug. This research was done with the purpose of determining the observance of oxygen therapy standards by nurses before and during oxygen therapy.   Materials and method: In this descriptive study, 36 nurses, working in lung wards of the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, were included in the study and their practice on oxygen therapy procedure was studied during the year 2006. Data collection tools were questionnaire and checklist and data collection methods were interview and observation. The researcher collected data on staff nurses practice of oxygen therapy, before and during the therapy, twice for each staff. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data.   Results: The performance before the oxygen therapy for all staff nurses (%96.3) was at a low level. Also, the performance during oxygen therapy for majority of staff nurses was at a low level. Conclusion: In general, many mistakes occur by staff nurses regarding oxygen therapy.}, Keywords = {Oxygen therapy - Drug – Nurse - Standards}, volume = {23}, Number = {68}, pages = {8-18}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-909-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-909-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Sh.Khosravi, and Zh.Abedsaeedi,}, title = {Focus group, a data gathering method}, abstract ={  Introduction: Using focus group to collect data is a valuable method for qualitative researchers. This method is being used increasingly in nursing research. It can provide rich information about a special topic through group dynamics. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on characteristics of and implementing focus group as a data collection method.   Content: A focus group is a semi-structured group session which is moderated by a group leader and held in an informal setting to collect information about a designated topic. The main characteristic of a focus group is the presentation of information and knowledge through interaction between the moderator and the group, as well as group members. Open-ended questions result in extended, in-depth and rich information. Also, participants' non-verbal responses can complete their verbal responses. Focus groups are used to study several qualitative subjects in the fields of politics, consumers' satisfaction, health subjects, quality of care evaluation, designing instruments and so on.   Main components of a focus group include skilled moderator, proper participants, appropriate place and time, and correct implementation of the process. The moderator is responsible not only for guiding the participants through the discussion, but also for looking after the group dynamics to ensure that all participants dominate the discussion. Ideally, two people will be needed to conduct each focus group, one as the moderator and the other as note-taker. Using a discussion guide can help in effective data collection and the researcher can also use probing questions to reach in-depth information. Selecting proper participants is necessary, and sampling is usually purposive in which individuals with common experience about the phenomena under investigation, are selected. Time and the place of performing a group discussion must be proportionate to the subject and participants` condition. Tape recording and verbatim transcription along with field notes are usual methods of documenting data in focus groups.   Conclusion: Focus group is a carefully planned series of discussions, designed to obtain perceptions on a defined area of interest in a permissive, non-threatening environment. A well-organized and guided group discussion results in rich and in-depth information about the phenomena at interest. However, this method has its own strengths and weaknesses which must be considered.  }, Keywords = {Focus group - Group interview - Group discussion - Data collection - Qualitative research}, volume = {23}, Number = {68}, pages = {19-30}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-910-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-910-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {TSadeghi, and NDehghan-Nayeri, and R.Karimi,}, title = {Comparison of nurses and hospitalized adolescents` perceptions about importance and observance of hospitalized adolescents` decision making}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Participating in decision making is an important patient's right observance of which by nurses is an essential need of hospitalized adolescents. The aim of this study was to assess and compare nurses and hospitalized adolescents` perceptions about the importance and observance of hospitalized adolescents` decision making.   Materials and Method: It was a cross sectional study, 175 nurses and 180 hospitalized ill adolescents who had inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling, The data were collected using two parallel self-completed questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.   Results: No statistically significant difference was found between nurses` and hospitalized ill adolescents` perceptions of importance and observance of hospitalized adolescents` decision making. In addition, the results showed that, from nurses' point of view, participation in care was the most important item, while adolescents believed that the presence of support person had the most importance. Both nurses and adolescents believed that the presence of support person was mostly observed.   Conclusion: According to the findings, from perception of two groups, hospitalized adolescents` decision making is important and moderately respected. Nurses can improve quality of care by recognotion and remove shackles of observance.}, Keywords = {Patient\'s right - Decision making - Hospitalized adolescents – Observance}, volume = {23}, Number = {68}, pages = {31-38}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-911-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {ShNajafi-Dolatabadi, and Fahmadi-Jahanabad, and JMalekzadeh, and ZMohebi-Nobandegani,}, title = {Patient satisfaction before and after implementation of paying per case for employees}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Paying per case approach is being applied at Iranian Hospitals as one of the important levers of management, but, the payment rate is not proportionate to the services provided by each staff. The aim of this study was to compare patients' satisfaction of a hospital before and after the implementation of the method of paying per case based on the services provided by each staff.   Materials and Method: This before-after quasi-experimental study was conducted on two independent groups of hospitalized patients at Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Yasouj city. The sample, before and after intervention was 500 and 660, respectively. The sampling method was purposive. Data collection tool was questionnaire and data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods.   Results: The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of the age of the subjects, before and after intervention were 28.15±13.77 and 29.33±14.68, respectively. Based on the results, no statistically significant relationship was found between the gender and satisfaction before and after intervention. The education level of samples had statistically significant relationship with their total satisfaction of services before intervention (P<0.05), while, this relationship was not significant after intervention. The patients' satisfaction of nurses' performance and total services was statistically increased after intervention (P<0.05).   Conclusion: Implementing the method of paying per case based on the services provided by each staff , may increase satisfaction rate of patients.   }, Keywords = {Patient satisfaction - Paying per case - Hospital management}, volume = {23}, Number = {68}, pages = {39-46}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-912-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-912-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {NMasoudi-Alavi, and KhSharifi, and ZAli-Akbarzadeh,}, title = {Health status and activities of daily living in hemodialysis and transplant patients}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: the aim of renal transplantation is improvement of general health and well-being in patients with end-stage renal disease. Both hemodialysis and renal transplantation have complications that can adversely affect health and activities of daily living (ADL) in patients. The assessment and comparison of these variables can be helpful in proper management of the patients. This study was conducted to assess and compare activities of daily living and health status among hemodyalisis and renal transplant patients in Kashan, Iran in 2004-2005.   Materials and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 163 patients undergoing hemodyalisis and renal replacement therapy in Kashan, Iran. They were selected by census and evaluated by Nottingham Standard Activities of Daily Living questionnaire and DUKE health profile. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multiple regression.   Results: The mean age was 40.6 in transplant and 55.3 years in hemodialysis patients. Of dialysis group 55.6% were female, while the female patients were 41% in transplant group. The mean duration of current therapy was 64.7 month in transplant and 30.3 months in dialysis patients. The mean score of general health was 59.1±17.7 in transplant and 49.8±17.6 in dialysis patients (p ≤ 0.001). The mean score of activities of daily living was 51.4±10.2 in transplant and 31.7±14.8 in dialysis patients (p ≤ 0.001).   Conclusion: Health status and ADL was poor in both groups, although the transplant patients had better condition. The educational programs targeting the improvement of health and ADL should be considered in these patients.   }, Keywords = {Activities of daily living – Health - Renal replacement therapy - Hemodialysis}, volume = {23}, Number = {68}, pages = {47-53}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-913-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-913-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {ZGhamari-Zare, and ZPourfarzad, and ZVanaki,}, title = {Managerial competencies of charge nurses}, abstract ={  Background and Aim : The charge nurse role has received little attention in the nursing literature when compared with other nursing leadership positions. Although many hospitals have charge nurse position, there is a lack of clear guidelines concerning the role, competencies needed for optimum role performance, and criteria for evaluating performance. The aim of this study was to determine competencies necessary to be a successful charge nurse   Materials and Method: A descriptive study was conducted by a questionnaire comprising basic data and charge nurse competencies. The questionnaire was designed based on the literature and 61 competency statements were grouped into the following six categories: clinical/technical, planning, organizing, staffing, directing/leadership and controlling/supervision. Marquis and Huston's framework of the management process model were used to categorize the competency statements of management. The census sampling method was used to recruit the subjects. The questionnaire was returned by 96 subjects including 66 charge nurses, 20 head nurses and 10 supervisors working in selected teaching hospitals in Arak city. Data were analyzed by SPSS 13 and descriptive statistics.   Results: All competency items received mean scores of more than 4.05. The items controlling/supervision and directing/leadership were evaluated more important than staffing, planning, organizing and clinical/technical items.   Conclusion: The results of this study provide guidelines for management development programs, training, and career planning for charge nurses, and can also provide guidelines for recruiting and selecting effective charge nurses.  }, Keywords = {Competency - Charge nurse - Management development}, volume = {23}, Number = {68}, pages = {54-62}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-914-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {MAli-Akbar, and TSafarabadi-Farahani, and STaavoni, and HHaghani,}, title = {The effect of mother-infant skin - to - skin contact on infant\'s pre - feeding behaviors}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: The importance of pre-feeding behaviors in successful breastfeeding and duration of exclusive breastfeeding necessitates the detection of factors influencing these behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact on pre-feeding behaviors of healthy full-term infants of primiparous women.   Materials and Method: This study was a randomized-controlled trial conducted in labor and maternity wards of Shahid Akbar-Abadi hospital in Tehran. One hundred healthy primiparous mother-infant dyads were randomly assigned to receive either skin-to-skin contact (n=50) or routine care (n=50). A demographic information form and The Infant Breastfeeding Assessment Tool was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by SPSS. For testing research hypotheses, Mann-Whitney U test was used.   Results: There was a statistically significant difference between skin-to-skin contact group and routine care group in infant's pre-feeding behaviors including wakefulness (P ≤ 0.001), rooting reflex (P ≤ 0.001), and sucking reflex (P ≤ 0.001).   Conclusion: According to the findings, early skin-to-skin contact after delivery has positive effect on full-term infant's pre-feeding behaviors. These behaviors have been considered to be effective on breast-feeding success and duration of exclusive breast-feeding. It is recommended to implement early skin-to-skin contact after delivery and thereafter.  }, Keywords = {Skin-to-skin contact - Pre-feeding behaviors - Full-term infant - Exclusive breast-feeding}, volume = {23}, Number = {68}, pages = {63-72}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-915-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-915-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {TSafarabadi-Farahani, and MAli-Akbar, and ASafarabadi-Farahani, and HHaghani,}, title = {Quality of life in young people with type 1 diabetes in relation to age and gender}, abstract ={  Background and Aim: Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common chronic metabolic disorders during childhood and adolescence period and has potentially life-threatening outcomes. Nowadays, the increasing number of children and adolescents with diabetes necessitates rigorous treatment programs. Also, for evaluating treatment effectiveness in diabetic patients, it is important to explore the quality of life and its related factors. The aim of this study was to examine quality of life in young people with type 1 diabetes in relation to age and gender.   Materials and Method: It was a cross-sectional descriptive correlational study with a sample of 70 young people with type 1 diabetes referred to educational health care centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The subjects were selected through non-probability sampling by consecutive method. Data collection instruments were demographics questionnaire and Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) questionnaire modified for young people and data were analyzed using independent t-test.   Results: The results showed that 52.1% of the patients were female and 47.9% were male. The age range of the patients was 11-18 years (mean age 14.94 ± 2.75) and the duration of disease was 1-15 years (mean 2.23 ± 0.79). There was no statistically significant difference between different age and gender groups in terms of life satisfaction, impact of diabetes on life and worries about diabetes.   Conclusion: The present study showed that age and gender were not determinant factors for quality of life in young people with type 1 diabetes.}, Keywords = {Quality of life - Young people - Type 1 diabetes}, volume = {23}, Number = {68}, pages = {73-79}, publisher = {دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران}, url = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-916-en.html}, eprint = {http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-916-en.pdf}, journal = {Iran Journal of Nursing}, issn = {2008-5931}, eissn = {2008-5931}, year = {2011} }